炼油厂剩余活性污泥脱水处理研究

对炼油厂剩余活性污泥进行脱水处理,确定了絮凝剂及其投加量,并考察了相关运行参数对污泥脱水效果的影响。结果表明,在PAC投加量为200mg·mL^-1、CPAM投加量为25mg·mL^-1、操作温度为40℃、污泥初始pH值为8.0、快搅强度为170r.min^-1、快搅时间为60s、慢搅强度为50r.min^-1、慢搅时间为8min的最佳条件下,污泥的脱水效果明显得到改善。在此条件下进行了多次实验,泥饼的含水率均低于81.63%。     

超声波促进石化污水厂剩余活性污泥厌氧消化

采用超声波技术分解石化污水厂剩余活性污泥(以下简称“污泥”),考察了超声波对污泥后续厌氧消化的影响。研究表明,超声波可有效分解污泥,提高污泥中溶解性化学需氧量(SCODC r),加速污泥的水解速度,提高污泥厌氧消化效率。在2 000 W/m2超声声强下处理60 m in的污泥,厌氧消化25 d累积产生的气体比未处理污泥产生的气体提高了60%以上。厌氧消化10 d,有机物去除率达到40%,比未处理污泥提前约10 d完成厌氧消化。     

磁化调质对活性污泥脱水性能的影响

研究了磁场调质对污水厂活性污泥脱水性能的影响,在不同磁场强度和磁化时间下,考察了活性污泥沉降性能、污泥比阻、分形维数、污泥粒径等参数的变化规律。结果表明:磁化时间为20 min、磁场强度为55 m T时,污泥的沉降性能最佳,污泥结构最为密实,污泥比阻可由原来的2.03×1013 m/kg下降到9.5×1012 m/kg,能有效改善污泥的脱水性能。     

超声波-复合絮凝剂对石化厂剩余污泥脱水的研究

以污泥含水率为考察指标,研究了超声波-复合絮凝剂对石化厂剩余污泥脱水效果的影响.实验结果表明,复合絮凝剂的脱水效果优于单一絮凝剂;污泥采用复合絮凝剂PAM-PAFC进行絮凝脱水,在投加质量浓度190 mg/L、m(PAM)∶m(PAFC)=1∶1条件下,再经20 kHz、400 W/m2超声处理2.5 min后,污泥含水率从97%降至79%,污泥体积缩小86%左右,比仅投加PAM处理时污泥含水率降低5%左右.可见,超声波-复合絮凝剂可以强化污泥脱水,在提高污泥脱水效果的同时,减少了有机絮凝剂PAM的用量,降低了污泥处理成本.     

超声波预处理城市剩余污泥脱水性能研究进展

城市剩余污泥脱水是处理污泥的重要步骤之一。以超声波频率、声能密度、超声时间、pH值等影响因素为考察对象,通过选取的表征污泥脱水性能的参数,分析了超声波处理对城市剩余污泥脱水性能的影响,介绍了超声波与其他方法耦合改善污泥脱水性能的研究现状,着重研究了超声波处理污泥脱水性能的机理,并对今后超声波处理污泥脱水性能的研究进行了展望。     

阳离子型改性天然高分子絮凝剂对活性污泥脱水处理

首先介绍了阳离子改性天然高分子絮凝剂的制备,然后,用它对活性污泥进行了脱水处理,并考察了处理效果。研究发现,在pH约为7．5,絮凝剂的分子量为500万,最佳用量为3．0×10-5mg／L,胶化度为33％时,脱水效果最佳,清液达到城市污水处理厂污水污泥排放标准。     

絮凝活性污泥的离心的脱水研究

用ＷＬ－２００Ｎ卧式螺旋御料沉降离心机进行了絮凝活性污泥离心脱水研究。由于合适絮凝剂的作用，使固相回收率和沉渣含湿量都有很大的改进。为工业用离心机的模拟放大设计和使用提供了理论依据。     

阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺对细粒煤的脱水作用

<正> 一、引言在细粒煤浆中加入絮凝剂后,可使细粒煤产生明显的絮凝,形成大的絮团,从而改变矿浆的粒度组成,加速了脱水过程。有些絮凝剂在产生絮凝的同时还可降低溶液的表面张力,增大固体颗粒的接触角,更有利于脱水。实践表明,随着絮凝剂用量增加,滤饼产率明显增加,水分也有所降低;但用药量过大时,又增加了滤饼的水分,且不同的药剂对脱水过程产生的影响也不一样。对这些问题目前尚无系统的研究。因此本文试图探索和研究这一过程的机理,找出矿浆及药剂特性对脱水过程的影响,完善絮凝脱水的理论,并为生产中如何选择药剂及新药剂的开发奠定基础。     

剩余污泥脱水方法的研究

川崎钢铁公司积极推进废弃物的再生利用，将活性污泥装置所产生的剩余污泥在焦炉内焚烧。用活性污泥装置处理焦炉氨水时，将泥浆状的剩余污泥添加到配煤输送机上，送入焦炉焚烧。但因剩余污泥含水量高达９６％，炼焦煤料水分上升，从而导致焦炉的炼焦耗热量上升。为此，川崎钢铁公司增设了剩余活性污泥脱水用的压滤机，其脱水率较高，剩余污泥泥饼的含水量约为６３％，２００１年７月投入使用以来，生产一直正常，现介绍如下。１剩余污泥的处理如图１所示，焦炉氨水在澄清池中与煤焦油分离后，同其它废水一起进入活性污泥装置处理。该装置由…     

剩余活性污泥的利用

对污水生化处理过程中产生的剩余活性污泥进行厌氧消化、好氧消化,并将剩余活性污泥作为有机肥进行试验,使其在一定程度上得到综合利用。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺污泥脱水絮凝剂的制备

根据曼尼期反应,在适宜的温度下,加入引发剂,使丙烯酰胺单体与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵阳离子单体发生自由基共聚反应,获得了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺高分子絮凝剂;系统地研究了共聚反应过程中单体总浓度,引发剂用量、聚合温度、pH值、增溶剂等因素对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺主要性能的影响,得出了最优反应条件:聚合温度为35℃,单体总浓度为20%,AM与DAC的相对摩尔比为6:1,复合引发荆为0.08%,pH值为7,增溶剂为2%,通入氮气时间为15min,反应时间为5h.在上述反应条件下合成了溶解性好、综合成本低、絮凝效果好、相对分子质量达3.00×106的聚丙烯酰胺产物.     

卧螺机污泥脱水中几种聚丙烯酰胺的筛选研究

对六种聚丙烯酰胺溶解性能、粘度性能和脱水效果进行对比试验研究,从技术和经济角度综合考虑,在小试中优选出两种溶解时间短、粘度高、脱水效果好的聚丙烯酰胺。以化纤污水剩余污泥为处理对象,卧螺机为机械脱水设备,对优选出的两种聚丙烯酰胺进行上机应用试验。试验结果表明,溶解聚丙烯酰胺时,可适当加热或提高搅拌速度,以缩短溶解时间;英国联合胶体有限公司Ｚｅｔａｇｅ８９聚丙烯酰胺溶解性能、粘度性能和对比纤污水处理理     

阴极滤布对活性污泥电渗透脱水的影响(英文)

The mechanical dewatering of activated sludge is troublesome due to its high compressibility of solids. The dewatering can be enhanced dramatically by the use of electroosmosis,in which an electric field is applied to the sludge cake.In this study,the influence of filter cloth on the cathode on the dewatering of activated sludge was investigated.It was found that thicker filter cloth led to lower water removal from the sludge cake,so a stainless steel cathode net with small pore size instead of filter cloth was applied,which improves the dewatering efficiency and reduces the electric power consumption.Moreover,water absorbent materials were helpful to remove the water from the sludge cake.For the electroosmotic dewatering at 7 kPa and 24 V·cm-1,the water content in the sludge cake decreased to 60%(by mass) with the average 0.075 kW·h·kg-1of water removed by using the cathode net.     

超声辅助污泥脱水的研究

为了研究超声对污泥脱水性能的影响,在污泥板框压滤实验中,利用超声结合絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)处理污泥的方法,对比了有无超声对污泥压滤脱水的效果。研究结果表明:超声可以降低污泥含水率,使其从最初含水率近98%减少到81%,污泥的体积减少为最初的1/10。超声声强为410 W/m2、超声处理时间2.5 m in为较优处理条件;同时絮凝剂的使用量,从0.7%(干基)降至0.6%(干基)。     

Influence of surfactants on flocculation and dewatering of kaolin suspensions by cationic polyacrylamide (PAM-C) flocculant

This paper reports the result of studies on flocculation and dewatering of kaolin suspensions by cationic polyacrylamide (PAM-C) flocculants in presence of surfactants. The surfactants used were namely anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), cationic cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and non-ionic TritonX 100, which is a polyoxyethylenic ether compound. The unflocculated kaolin has a very slow settling rate of about 0.03 cm/s and can be improved by more than ten times using PAM-C as a flocculating agent. PAM-C adsorbs on kaolin primarily through electrostatic attraction and the flocculation is governed mainly by charge neutralisation and bridging. Partial pre-coating of kaolin with all three surfactants leads to both physical adsorption as well as chemisorption at PAM-C. Pretreating the kaolin with surfactants can further increase or decrease settling rate depending on the type of surfactant used. However, the flocs thus formed shows better filtration and dewatering behaviour estimated in terms of reduction in specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and cake moisture. The minimum SRF occurs under conditions corresponding to far lower adsorption of PAM-C than that for best flocculation. Simultaneous addition of PAM-C and each of the three surfactants decreases settling rate and sediment volume markedly and does not reduce SRF any further but they all reduce cake moisture substantially. The reduction in cake moisture for different PAM-C: surfactant mixture is in the following order: PAM-C: SDS (1:1)>PAM-C: TX 100(1:1)>PAM-C: CTAB(1:1). Low cake moisture in comparison with PAM-C alone, may be a result of reduction in entrapment of excess water in the smaller flocs formed by simultaneous addition with surfactants and to some extent due to hydrophobicity caused by adsorption of surfactants.     

Modelling the electro-osmotically enhanced pressure dewatering of activated sludge

The mechanical dewatering of biological materials, such as activated sludge, is troublesome due to their high compressibility. The dewatering can be improved drastically by the use of electro-osmosis, a technique in which a direct current electric field is applied to the filter cake, inducing an electro-kinetic displacement of the liquid phase. In this article, a model is presented which describes this process for a one-dimensional, one-sided filter press. The model starts from two existing models, each describing a part of the process [Iwata, M., Igami, H., Murase, T., 1991. Analysis of electroosmotic dewatering. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 24(1), 45-50; Sørensen, P.B., Moldrup, P., Hansem, J.A., 1996. Filtration and expression of compressible cakes. Chemical Engineering Science 51(6), 967-979]. A robust solution scheme for the basic flux and continuity equations is used to describe filtration and expression. Regarding the electro-osmosis, an adapted form of the Darcy equation, expressing electro-osmotic induced flow as well as pressure induced flow, is integrated into the former solution scheme. This permits the simulation of the overall process using a single model. Validation of the model revealed that the experimental piston height during dewatering can be described accurately provided that temperature effects are taken into account.     

聚丙烯酰胺水分散乳液的制备及污泥脱水性能研究

通过丙烯酰胺(AM)与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)的分散聚合制得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)水分散乳液,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1HNMR)、光学显微镜分析了产物的结构与形成机理,并用自制CPAM对污泥脱水效果进行了评定。结果表明,当CPAM质量分数为0.15%,投加量为湿泥总量0.005%～0.01%,污泥pH为3～7时,上清液浊度去除率达96%,滤饼含水率降至68%。     

Consolidation dewatering and centrifugal sedimentation of flocculated activated sludge

This study investigated experimentally the consolidation dewatering and centrifugal-settling processes for activated sludge subjected to cationic polyelectrolyte flocculation. The results were reported for the dynamic response of sediment cake thickness (an index for cake compaction) under various doses of polyelectrolyte conditioning, compression-permeability cell configuration and mode of operation (batch and continuous) in a centrifugal-settling cell. The reduction in sediment thickness of sludge by consolidation and centrifugation was found to correspond mostly well with the optimal dose of polyelectrolyte based on the capillary suction time. The relaxation/rebound of cake thickness was observed in both consolidation dewatering and centrifugal dewatering with comparable compaction/relaxation time scale ratios. The equilibrium sediment consolidation ratio increases with the effective solid pressure characterized by P_m and P_s, for the consolidation dewatering and centrifugal sedimentation, respectively. The experimentally determined time scales of the cake consolidation dewatering/centrifugal sedimentation processes agree reasonably well with the theory by Landman and Russel (Phys. Fluids A 5 (1993) 550).     

聚合物驱采油废水的活性污泥处理研究

聚合物驱采油废水为进水,采用逐渐加压法对好氧活性污泥进行驯化。结果表明,在进水中聚合物驱采油废水所占比例为15%～30%,曝气12 h的条件下,驯化污泥对进水CODCr的去除率可达70%左右,除油率高达76%,HPAM的降解率为40%左右。     

阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB对污泥脱水的影响研究

考察了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)浓度、添加量、调理时间和温度对活性污泥脱水和沉降性能的影响。结果表明,使用1 m L浓度1%的CTMAB调理污泥效果最佳,重力沉降的滤液体积最大。在最佳用量下,搅拌2 h,搅拌温度60℃时污泥的脱水性能最好,毛细吸水时间为8. 7 s,泥饼含水率下降了25%。通过SEM观察了原污泥和CTMAB调理后的污泥微观形态。