精神分裂症高发家系遗传方式分析

目的 分析高发精神分裂症家系的遗传方式。方法 采用分离分析方法和多基因阈值理论对71例高发精神分裂症家系进行遗传方式分析。结果 高发精神分裂症家系遗传方式符合常染色体单基因隐性遗传,分离率P=0.2845(JP>0.05),同时也符合多基因遗传,一级亲属加权平均遗传率为(168.38±3.29％)。结论 本组精神分裂症高发家系是具有一个显性主基因的多基因遗传病,但也存在不同的遗传背景。     

40例高发精神分裂症遗传效应分析

精神分裂症（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｐｈｒｅｎｉａ,简称ＳＰ）患病率较高,预后差,且遗传在病因中起着重要作用。本文收集了ＳＰ高发家系和非高发家系各４０例,并对两组先证者的患病年龄、病程、症状及预后等进行了比较,现将结果报告如下。１对象和方法对象系我院住院患者中符...     

精神分裂症高发家系60例对照研究

本文对60例精神分裂症高发家系病例进行对照研究。发现高发组患病率19.8％,高于群体患病率约35倍。根据一级亲属患病率计算,高发家系遗传度为86％,可能采取显性遗传方式。应把精神分裂症高发家系子女看成患病高危子女进行长期追踪观察研究,并作分子遗传学研究。     

高发精神分裂症的遗传效应

本文分析80例高发精神分裂症家系的遗传效应。共调查先证者的一、二及三级亲属成员2765人,有272人患各类精神疾病,其中198人患分裂症,经年龄校正后分裂症的患病率为10.35%。各级亲属的患病率是亲缘关系越近患病率越高,一级亲属为32.96%,二级亲属为7.63%,三级亲属为2.70%,远远超过群体患病率。     

精神分裂症和心境障碍混合家系遗传方式探讨

目的探讨精神分裂症和心境障碍混合家系的遗传方式。方法选取混合家系作为研究对象,视精神分裂症和心境障碍为同一疾病谱(其中亦包括分裂样精神病及分裂情感性精神病),采用分离分析和多基因阈值理论进行遗传方式的探讨。结果在混合家系中,精神分裂症和心境障碍作为一个疾病谱,其遗传方式符合隐性遗传,校正后分离率为0.262(P>0.05),同时符合多基因遗传,遗传率为(142.698±4.809)%。结论在混合家系中,精神分裂症和心境障碍作为一个疾病谱,可能符合具有隐性主基因的多基因遗传。     

高发情感性障碍的遗传方式探讨

目的 探讨４５个高发情感性障碍的家系的遗传方式。方法 按中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第二版（ＣＣＭＤ－２）及美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第三版修订本（ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ）的情感障碍诊断标准,均符合者选为样本进行家系调查。结果 其遗传方式为多基因遗传,其加权平均遗传率为１３２．２７％,结论 认为本病可能具有一个显性主基因的多基因遗传。     

精神分裂症阴性,阳性症状患者遗传效应及其方式的比较

报道精神分裂症阳性症状患者８３例和阴性症状患者５１例的遗传效应及遗传方式的对比研究，病例均符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第二版和Ａｎｄｒｅａｓｅｎ的阴，阳性症状标准。结果提示：阴性症状的遗传效应罗阳性为高，有显著性差异，其遗传方式均为多基因遗传，但阴性症状较阳性高，有显著性差异，表明阴性症状有更多的遗传负因。     

Evidence for polygenic inheritance in schizophrenia?

A finding of Ödegaard's, suggesting polygenic transmission of schizophrenia, is discussed and an attempt at replication presented.     

精神分裂症发病年龄与家族遗传的相关性分析

目的　探讨精神分裂症住院患者的发病年龄、家族遗传及其相互关系。方法　对 2 0 0 2年 1月 1日在院的精神分裂症患者 2 2 0例的发病年龄及其家族遗传情况进行回顾性研究。结果　①精神分裂症男性患者平均发病年龄为 (2 6 75± 7 85 )岁 ,女性为 (2 6 14± 7 97)岁 ;t=0 5 6 2 2 ,P =0 5 74 7。②家族史阳性患者的平均发病年龄为(2 6 84± 9 16 )岁 ,阴性患者为 (2 6 2 3± 7 2 7)岁 ;t=0 4 94 7,P =0 6 2 2 2。③男性精神分裂症患者家族遗传史阳性占 2 4 5 1% ,女性占 37 2 9% ;χ2 =4 15 ,P <0 0 5。结论　①精神分裂症发病年龄无性别差异。②家族遗传因素对精神分裂症的发病年龄无直接影响。③女性患者起病似乎更易受家族遗传因素影响 ,推测精神分裂症可能存在伴性遗传     

The incidence of schizophrenia in New South Wales, Australia. A psychiatric register study

Age-specific estimates of the incidence of schizophrenia in NSW, Australia, have been made using two methods, one based on a psychiatric register and the other based on routinely collected hospital morbidity data. Similar results were obtained by both methods. The estimates lie towards the bottom of the range of incidence estimates of schizophrenia that have been published for some other countries, and are lower than estimates from a number of U.S. studies. The diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia employed by Australian psychiatrists conform closely to DSM-III criteria.     

Aberrant tyrosine transport across the fibroblast membrane in patients with schizophrenia -indications of maternal inheritance

Background

In previous studies of the present patients with schizophrenia, aberrant tyrosine transport across the fibroblast membrane was found. A low K_m, a kinetic factor indicating high affinity between tyrosine and the binding site at the cell membrane, was found to be associated with poor cognitive functions in patients. The present study aimed at investigating possible relationships between patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives in aberrant tyrosine transport indicating that it may be a biological marker for the genetic susceptibility.

Methods

Thirty-three parents, 13 fathers and 20 mothers, from 23 families with a schizophrenic patient agreed to enter the study. They underwent skin biopsies for fibroblast cultivation, neuropsychological and psychiatric investigations and were classified as family history positive or negative. Tyrosine transport kinetics (K_m and V_max) were calculated from in vitro trials of gradients of extracellular tyrosine concentrations in fibroblast cultures.

Results

An association between patients with schizophrenia and their mothers were found for a low K_m indicating maternal inheritance. Mothers displaying a low K_m performed worse on the neuropsychological tests compared to mothers with normal K_m. Corresponding relationships between a low K_m and neurocognitive dysfunction had previously been found for the patients.

Conclusions

An aberrant tyrosine transport across plasma membrane may constitute a biological marker for an endophenotype within the schizophrenia spectrum with low cognitive functioning. A plausible mode for genetic transmission is maternal inheritance.     

情感性障碍高发家系的遗传学调查

本文调查３０例情感性障碍高发家系的一、二、三级亲属成员共１０９６人，患各类精神疾病１０５例，患病率为９．５８％，其中情感性障碍６４例，占６０．９５％．调查资料表明，各级亲属患病率是亲缘关系越近，患病率越高，远超于群体患病率。本文还就遗传方式进行了探讨，提出情感性障碍以伴性遗传的可能性大．     

苍附导痰丸治疗利培酮引起的女性精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症

目的观察苍附导痰丸对因服用利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症的影响和安全性。方法将120例服用利培酮的女性精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组60例和对照组57例（脱落3例）,治疗组用苍附导痰丸施治及对照组用安慰剂治疗,总疗程12周,研究周期8周。于第0,4,8,12周末检测血清催乳素含量,并用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）,治疗中需要处理的不良反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果研究组第8,12周末催乳素水平明显低于第4周末,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;组间比较,差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。研究组治疗第12周末,催乳素下降率为（64土10）％,对照组下降率为（2．01±1．6）％,差异有统计学意义（t=16．85;P〈0．01）;治疗第12周末,研究组催乳素正常率为70．12％,明显高于对照组的8．6％,差异有统计学意义（x^2=21．35,P〈0．01）。两组患者治疗前后比较,PANSS评分总分及分量表分均明显下降,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗第12周末,研究组TESS（5．1土4．2）分,对照组（4．8±3．9）分,差异无统计学意义（t=0．28,P〉0．05）。结论用苍附导痰丸治疗利培酮所致的女性精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症有效且安全。     

社区“快乐之家”对精神分裂症患者康复效果的评估

目的 评估社区精神病患者日间康复照料机构"快乐之家"的康复效果.方法 对进入"快乐之家"的精神分裂症患者开展综合康复服务模式,并随访1年.在入组前、随访6个月及1年时采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、社会功能缺陷量表(SDSS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、社会支持评价量表(SSRS)进行评估.共入组64例,完成随访61例.结果 经过"快乐之家"1年的综合康复治疗,61例患者的BPRS分值下降(基线:43±15,6个月:35±13,1年:30±6,F=17.89,P<0.001)、ADL分值也下降(基线:19±6,6个月:15±3,1年:15±3,F=16.96,P<0.001),SSRS分值提高(基线:27±5,6个月:31±6,1年:35±7,F=22.99,P<0.001).SDSS分值无明显变化.结论 社区"快乐之家"对促进社区精神病人的全面康复有着正性促进作用,该康复模式值得推广.     

The association of inequality with the incidence of schizophrenia

Abstract Background Socio–economic factors are known to be associated with schizophrenia, but no studies have investigated the effect of inequality on incidence rates of schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to determine whether those electoral wards with greater inequality have a higher incidence of schizophrenia. Method An ecological study was carried out involving a retrospective case record study to calculate the incidence of schizophrenia across wards in Camberwell, South London for the period 1988–1997, and an index of inequality within each ward was calculated. Results There was no significant effect of inequality overall. However, in the group of deprived wards, the incidence of RDC schizophrenia increased as inequality increased (IRR 3.79, 95 %CI 1.25.11.49 p = 0.019 after adjusting for age, sex, absolute deprivation, ethnicity, proportion of ethnic minorities and the interaction between individual ethnicity and proportion of ethnic minorities. Conclusion Increased inequality is associated with increasing incidence of schizophrenia, but only in the most deprived areas. This is independent of other known social risk factors.     

Changes in the diagnosed incidence of early onset schizophrenia over four decades

Objective: To explore changes in the diagnosed incidence of early onset schizophrenia (EOS) from 1971 to 2010. Method: Examination of incidence rates of schizophrenia in patients under 18 years of age, using a nationwide, population‐based, mental health register. Results: The age‐standardized incidence rate (IR) of EOS in the period 1971–2010 was 3.17 (95% CI: 3.16, 3.18) per 100 000 person years in the age group 0–18 years, and 9.10 (95% CI: 9.00, 9.21) in the age group 12–18 years. In the period 1971–1993, the age‐standardized IR of EOS was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.79, 1.82) per 100 000 person years in the age group 0–18 years, and 5.02 (95% CI: 4.92, 5.11) in the age group 12–18 years. In the period 1994–2010, the age‐standardized IR of EOS was 5.15 (95% CI: 5.10, 5.20) per 100 000 person years in the age group 0–18 years, and 15.73 (95% CI: 15.22, 16.22) in the age group 12–18 years. The IR was higher for males than females in the periods 1971–1993 and 1971–2010, but in the period 1994–2010 the IR was higher for females than males. Conclusion: In recent years, the diagnosed incidence of EOS has increased and the usual male excess has disappeared. The changes in IR could be a result of changes in the diagnostic system, increased awareness of early psychosis or a reflection of actual underlying incidence of the disorder.     

大庆地区精神分裂症五年发病率调查

按照北京医科大学精神卫生研究所的设计，我们于１９８６～１９９０年对大庆市红岗区进行了精神分裂症发病率的前瞻性调查，调查时限为这五年中每年１月１日至１２月３１日。采用功能性筛查表逐户筛查，与前瞻性报病及回顾性部分补查结合的方法。五年共诊断首次发病的精神分裂症１２５例，平均年发病率０．２２‰，男性为０．２１‰，女性为０．２４‰，城市为０．２４‰，农村为０．１２‰。