基于涡流热成像的锈蚀钢筋混凝土表面温度变化试验研究

电涡流红外热成像检测技术是一种新兴的无损检测技术,其利用混凝土内部钢筋锈蚀程度不一样导致钢筋的发热效率不一样,使传导至混凝土表面的温度变化速率不一样的原理来判定混凝土内部钢筋锈蚀程度。通过试验研究了锈蚀钢筋混凝土在不同锈蚀时间、钢筋直径、混凝土强度及保护层厚度等影响因素下的表面温度变化规律。结果表明,不同钢筋直径,不同保护层厚度,不同混凝土强度的钢筋混凝土试件的表面温度增长速率都随锈蚀时间的增加而增大,即钢筋混凝土表面温度增长速率与钢筋锈蚀时间正相关;锈蚀时间越长、钢筋直径越大,混凝土表面温度增长速率越快,相反,混凝土强度越低、保护层越小,混凝土表面温度增长越快,即锈蚀时间和钢筋直径与混凝土表面温度增长速率成正比,混凝土强度和保护层厚度与混凝土表面温度增长成反比。     

混凝土强度对混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的影响

混凝土保护钢筋不被腐蚀.人们普遍认为钢筋混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀随混凝土强度变化.为研究钢筋腐蚀率随混凝土强度的变化规律,通过浇筑20个钢筋混凝土试件,养护至4种不同龄期后将钢筋腐蚀相同的时间.电解液腐蚀方法用于诱导腐蚀以便加快腐蚀速度.钢筋的理论腐蚀量根据法拉第定律计算,实际腐蚀率根据钢筋腐蚀前后的重量损失计算.试验数据显示当混凝土强度为23～35MPa时,钢筋腐蚀率随混凝土强度增大有下降趋势,但混凝土强度为27～30MPa时,钢筋腐蚀率反而随混凝土强度增大而升高.     

Tensile behavior of corroded reinforcing steel bars BSt 500s

The results of an experimental study for assessing the effects of the gradually accumulating corrosion damage due to laboratory salt spray corrosion on the mechanical behavior of reinforcing steel bars Class BSt 500_s tempcore are presented. The experiments have shown that the corrosion exposure causes an appreciable mass loss which increases with increasing duration of exposure. This leads to a significant increase of the applied stress. In addition, a moderate reduction of the material’s tensile strength values and a significant reduction of the tensile ductility were observed. For laboratory salt spray exposure times, which are realistic for simulating natural corrosion, the tensile properties of the steel bars drop to values lying below the limits which are set in the standards presently in force for using steels in reinforced concrete members.     

锈蚀钢筋截面分布特征及轴向拉伸力学性能

采用半浸泡通电加速锈蚀法获得平均锈蚀率为0%～18%的钢筋,应用三维扫描的实物反求技术获得精确的锈蚀钢筋截面积数据,研究得到了平均锈蚀率与最大截面锈蚀率的关系,统计建立了锈蚀钢筋截面积概率分布模型;通过轴向拉伸试验研究锈蚀钢筋力学性能退化原因,定量分析锈蚀率与钢筋各力学特征值损失率的关系.结果表明:锈蚀钢筋实际材料性能未发生改变,其名义屈服强度、名义极限强度由钢筋最小残余截面积决定;钢筋变形与钢筋残余截面积分布有关,与平均锈蚀率及最大截面锈蚀率的相关程度较低;锈蚀钢筋本构关系仍可采用未锈蚀钢筋的本构关系,并可通过残余截面积概率分布模型来反映锈蚀对钢筋力学性能的影响.     

Tensile and low cycle fatigue behavior of corroded reinforcing steel bars S400

The results of an experimental study for assessing the degradation of the tensile properties of reinforcing steel bars grade S400 caused by accelerated laboratory salt spray are presented. Furthermore, low cycle fatigue tests, which simulate earthquake loading conditions, have been carried out on uncorroded (reference) material as well as pre-corroded steel bars and the results are presented and commented upon. The results of the tensile tests have shown an appreciable property degradation with advancing corrosion. The low cycle fatigue resistance of the steel bars was found to be closely dependent upon the level of corrosion. Furthermore, the tests indicate that the material degradation may be more severe than thought when taking mass loss as a measure of corrosion damage.     

Effect of current density on accelerated corrosion of reinforcing steel bars in concrete

Abstract

Impressed anodic current techniques are used widely to accelerate corrosion of steel embedded in concrete in the laboratory. This paper investigates the relationship between applied current density, degree of corrosion, type of corrosion and ultimate strength of corroded beams. Twenty beams were divided into four groups with a 0.5, 1, 2.5 or 5% degree of corrosion. Current densities of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 mA/cm² were applied to each group, respectively. The beams were flexurally tested and the reinforcing steel bars were retrieved, cleaned, weighed and the surface examined. The results demonstrated that higher current densities and degree of corrosion caused more localised corrosion. The applied current density has little effect on the degree of corrosion and on ultimate strength of the same degree of corroded beam. Based on this work, a current density of 1 mA/cm² is recommended for the artificial acceleration of corrosion for steel embedded in concrete.     

腐蚀钢绞线预应力混凝土梁受弯承载力评估

考虑腐蚀引起钢筋名义概率强度的降低,采用实用概率极限状态设计表达式中的抗力项进行预应力混凝土梁受弯承载力计算,可以获得基于材料强度平均值、标准值、设计值共3级可靠度水平的受弯承载力评估结果。基于试验结果统计,建立了随腐蚀率变化的腐蚀钢绞线名义抗拉强度与名义条件屈服抗拉强度的平均值、标准值以及设计值计算模型。分析表明：受拉钢绞线的计算极限状态（即条件屈服状态）名义应力低于实际极限状态（即极限受拉状态）名义应力,而其他钢筋的计算极限状态名义应力与实际极限状态名义应力相互吻合。最后结合算例阐述了上述方法的具体应用。图4表4参21     

Spatial variability of pitting corrosion and its influence on structural fragility and reliability of RC beams in flexure

A stochastic process for assessing the effect of spatial variability of pitting corrosion on structural reliability and fragility is developed for singly reinforced simply supported reinforced concrete (RC) beams in flexure. A distribution of pitting corrosion is inferred from existing literature. The RC beam is discretised into a series of elements and maximum pit depths are generated for each reinforcing steel bar in each element. The analysis considered various member spans, loading ratios, bar diameters and number of bars in a given cross-section. Comparisons made with general corrosion showed that pitting corrosion is more critical for smaller diameter reinforcing steel bars. It was also found that up to a three-fold increase in 50-year probabilities of failure were observed if spatial variability of pitting corrosion are included in the analysis when compared to probabilities of failure based on the mid-span limit states only. This strongly suggests that the inclusion of spatial variability of pitting corrosion can lead to significant decreases in structural reliability for flexural RC members.     

氯盐环境下混凝土内钢绞线的锈蚀特性试验研究

预应力钢筋的锈蚀特性是研究预应力混凝土结构耐久性失效及防治的基础，为此，分别采用内掺盐和外浸盐两种方式在自然气候条件下作了如下三组混凝土内钢筋锈蚀的对比试验：钢绞线与热轧带肋钢筋、钢绞线与热轧光圆钢筋、钢绞线中心钢丝与热轧光圆钢筋。通过对锈蚀过程中锈蚀电流密度的测试以及试验完毕后的破形观察与称重对比和分析，得到如下结果：钢筋外表面锈蚀程度在面向保护层侧明显严重于背向保护层侧；钢绞线及其中心钢丝外表面锈蚀相对最不均匀，具有严重的局部锈蚀——坑蚀形态，带肋钢筋次之，光圆钢筋相对最均匀、全面；钢绞线内表面发生类似于空气中的相对全面、均匀的锈蚀；钢绞线的平均外表面锈蚀率小于热轧带肋钢筋的与热轧光圆钢筋的，但严重的局部锈蚀对其受拉性能极其不利。另外，还对上述锈蚀特性进行了电化学机理分析。     

腐蚀对反复荷载下钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的影响

反复荷载可导致钢筋与混凝土之间粘结的严重退化,尤其在混凝土中的钢筋受到腐蚀后。试验研究了不同腐蚀率的钢筋腐蚀对反复荷载作用下的粘结-滑移特性的影响。研究参数包括钢筋腐蚀率和侧向约束。先用加速腐蚀方法将埋置于混凝土中受侧向约束和无侧向约束的钢筋腐蚀至不同的腐蚀程度,再测定其在反复荷载作用下的粘结应力-滑移特性。试验结果显示,较低的钢筋腐蚀有助于减小反复荷载作用下粘结损失的幅度,但这种影响随着腐蚀率增大而减弱。卸载阶段的粘结应力水平仅为加载阶段的3/4。较之于受约束试件,无约束试件的粘结强度随腐蚀率减小更为显著。建立了粘结退化率来表示荷载作用下的粘结损失。较高腐蚀率主要在前5个加载循环引起较大的粘结退化,腐蚀的影响随荷载作用而减弱,同时,反复荷载作用下的粘结应力-滑移曲线与加载历史有关。     

配筋钢纤维自应力混凝土的抗拉强度计算

通过直接拉伸试验，测量了配筋钢纤维自应力混凝土的抗拉强度，试验参数包括3个自应力等级，3个纤维体积率，4种配筋率。试验结果表明，在钢筋和钢纤维联合作用下，自应力混凝土的抗拉强度得到明显的提高，并由统计分析给出了钢筋纤维自应务混凝土的抗拉强度计算公式。     

动荷载下锈蚀钢筋混凝土粘结滑移特性的试验研究

通过对不同锚固长度、不同锈蚀程度的18个柱式试件动态拉伸试验,研究了锈蚀程度、锚固长度对钢筋与混凝土之间粘结滑移的影响。结果表明:自由端初滑移是在整个锚固长度内胶着力破坏后才开始;钢筋锈蚀深度越大,自由端初滑移荷载越小,加载端和自由端滑移差越小;锚固长度越短,两端滑移差越小。根据实测资料,拟合出了残余滑移量计算公式。基于几个循环的粘结应力与滑移曲线的分析,初步探究了动荷载下锈蚀钢筋混凝土的粘结机理,动荷载下肋前混凝土受压变形比静载作用下的大,钢筋锈蚀物膨胀产生内裂缝,从而使得动载下锈蚀钢筋与混凝土之间的滑移量比静载下钢筋与混凝土之间的滑移量大。研究结果对动力荷载下服役钢筋混凝土结构的受力性能分析和结构耐久性设计具有指导意义。     

Experimental investigation on concrete-filled steel tubes with reinforcing bars under axial and eccentric tension

针对4m长内配钢筋钢管混凝土试件开展轴拉和偏拉试验,研究其受力过程及破坏形态,获得了试件的荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线和试件的受拉承载力及刚度,并与同尺寸的空钢管和钢管混凝土试件进行了比较。研究结果表明：内配钢筋可以有效地增加试件的受拉承载力和刚度,且当试件达到轴拉承载力时钢筋可以屈服;核心混凝土的存在使得外钢管在受拉时处于双向应力状态,从而提高了钢管混凝土试件的受拉承载力,壁厚为4mm和6mm的钢管混凝土试件的轴拉承载力相比空钢管分别提高13%和15%;在试验研究的基础上提出了内配钢筋钢管混凝土试件在轴拉和偏拉工况下的承载力和刚度计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

风积沙混凝土与钢筋的黏结性能试验研究

为研究风积沙混凝土与钢筋之间的黏结性能,制作了28个试块进行中心拉拔试验,研究了风积沙掺量、钢筋形状、钢筋直径和龄期对黏结性能的影响规律,并基于试验结果拟合出风积沙混凝土与带肋钢筋之间的黏结强度-滑移本构关系曲线。研究结果表明,风积沙掺量小于30%时,极限黏结强度随着风积沙掺量、钢筋直径、龄期的提高而提高;风积沙掺量分别为10%、20%和30%时,带肋钢筋对应的极限黏结强度分别比光圆钢筋提高了61.2%、58.5%、56.1%。     

活性粉末混凝土中带肋钢筋搭接性能试验研究#br#

为明确活性粉末混凝土RPC（reactive powder concrete）中带肋钢筋搭接连接的受力性能,合理确定RPC中纵筋的搭接长度,以纵筋搭接长度、RPC强度、搭接钢筋净距和配箍率为试验参数,对39个RPC中的钢筋搭接连接试件进行对拉试验,获得各试验参数对RPC中带肋钢筋搭接连接性能的影响规律。结果表明：对拉荷载作用下,RPC中带肋钢筋搭接连接分别出现钢筋拔出和拉断两种破坏模式,对于保护层厚度小于2倍钢筋直径的拔出破坏试件,一般还伴随外围RPC劈裂裂缝的出现;对于拔出破坏试件,搭接区域的搭接强度随搭接长度增大而略有减小、随RPC强度和配箍率的增加而增大;相较于搭接长度为100mm的试件,搭接长度为150mm试件的搭接强度约减小5%;强度等级为100MPa、120MPa和150MPa的RPC与直径为20mm带肋钢筋间的搭接强度分别约为17.5MPa、19.5MPa和21.1MPa;相较于未配箍筋试件,配箍率为0.34%和0.75%试件的搭接强度分别提高7.8%和13.1%;相较于钢筋净距为20mm试件,净距为0和40mm试件的搭接强度分别约减小5%和8%,但净距40mm试件搭接强度的降低主要是由于试件RPC保护层厚度过小,使得钢筋外围RPC产生劈裂所致。根据试验结果,建立搭接区域钢筋表面搭接强度及临界搭接长度的计算公式,并以该文及其他研究者的试验结果验证了所提公式的适用性,据此可确定带肋钢筋在RPC中的临界搭接长度。     

大型地下广场下沉式顶板的温度应力及保温设计

为研究下沉式地下结构顶板在温度变化作用下应力分布规律及保护措施,对某下沉广场顶板在季节温差和不同季节日温差作用下、结构设置和不设置变形缝情况下的应力和变形情况进行了数值模拟。结果表明:温差作用下,无论是否设置变形缝,结构均会在板梁相交处产生超过混凝土极限抗拉强度的拉应力,设置变形缝对温度应力影响不大;顶板受力和位移中,温度作用所占比重在日温差最不利工况中分别为33%和78.9%,季节温差最不利工况中分别为24.2%和98.7%,应采取加强配筋、保温防裂等措施。通过改变结构顶板上表面的温度,得到了结构上表面所配钢筋数目线性递减的规律,建议下沉结构顶板应以上表面温度为5 ℃作为控制基准设置保温层。     

Atmospheric corrosion of steel reinforcing bars produced by various manufacturing processes

The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the effect of manufacturing process upon the performance of reinforcing steel bars against atmospheric corrosion. Reinforcing steel bars produced by different manufacturing methods were exposed to the atmosphere in Athens for different periods of time. The progress of corrosion was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the corrosion layer formed on the surface of the bars. The morphology of the corroded layer was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the mineralogical composition of the corrosion products. Independently of the manufacturing process used, the main corrosion product formed was lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), followed closely by akaganeite (β-FeOOH) and goethite (α-FeOOH). Furthermore, it was found that the surface condition and the initial oxide layer on the steel bars, which is closely related to the manufacturing process, played a major role in the development of corrosion in atmosphere. Work-hardened reinforcing steel bars were found very sensitive to exhibition in the usual atmospheric conditions, followed by the Tempcore steel bars. The hot-rolled bars, either unalloyed or microalloyed with vanadium, presented the best corrosion behavior.     

Effect of rebar coating on corrosion resistance and bond strength of reinforced concrete

The objective of this study is to assess the corrosion resistance of zinc-coated and coating effect on the bond strength between concrete and reinforcing steel. Potentiodynamic polarization method was utilized to determine the corrosion rates of carbon steel and zinc in both pH 12 solution and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. In addition, cylindrical specimens were cast and exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution and a direct current density (0.5 mA/cm²) was applied to accelerate the corrosion process. Open circuit potential (OCP), direct current polarization resistance were obtained to evaluate the rebar corrosion.Potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the corrosion rate of zinc is higher than carbon steel in pH 12 solution but lower in 3.5% NaCl solution. The bond strength of uncoated rebar is 5–10% less than zinc-coated rebar before aqueous immersion test. The bond strength decreases with an increase in corrosion rate for uncoated rebar and zinc-coated rebar. After 14-days accelerating corrosion process, the reduction ratio of bond strength for zinc-coated rebar is less than uncoated rebar.     

混凝土中植筋的正交试验研究

通过在混凝土中植筋的正交试验研究，得出植筋深度、混凝土强度、钢筋直径三因素在植筋中由主至次的重要性次序是：钢筋直径→植筋深度→混凝土强度；并探讨了三因素对植筋强度的影响及其不同试验条件下在拉应力作用下植筋的破坏形态；还根据试验结果分析给出植筋技术工程应用中的指导性建议。     

海洋大气环境下钢筋混凝土梁的时变性能

箍筋位于纵筋外侧，往往更早发生锈蚀而且锈蚀更加严重，使梁的剪切性能比弯曲性能退化更快，梁的破坏模式可能由未锈时的弯曲破坏转为锈蚀后的剪切破坏。通过对海洋大气环境下钢筋混凝土梁的时变性能进行分析，研究了锈蚀梁承载力退化和破坏模式转换，并分析起锈时间、箍筋直径和混凝土强度等因素的影响。分析结果表明：随着服役时间的增加，梁中箍筋会先于纵筋发生锈蚀，从而使梁的破坏模式从弯曲破坏向剪切破坏转换；延长钢筋起锈时间、增大箍筋直径、提高混凝土强度均能延缓梁的受力性能退化，并延缓锈蚀梁破坏模式转换的时间。