新闻纸加填在齐纸8~#纸机的应用

齐纸厂从芬兰Ｖａｌｍｅｔ公司引进一台日产 6 0 0ｔ立式夹网造纸机 ,是当今世界上最先进的纸机。纸机设计车速 180 0ｍ ｍｉｎ ,抄宽 5 5 5 9ｍｍ ,采用先进的ＤＣＳ控制系统。这台纸机于 2 0 0 0年 4月进入试车阶段 ,5月初出合格产品。经过近一年的运行调整 ,纸机已正常生产 ,于 2 0 0 1年 11月成功生产出 4 5 ｇ ｍ2 胶印新闻纸 ,为了降低生产成本 ,提高成品纸的产品质量 ,决定在 8# 纸机加入填料。1　填料的选择目前在造纸行业加填的填料通常都采用滑石粉、瓷土和碳酸钙。采用哪种填料既能满足生产需要又能满足质量要求 ,我们从密度、粒…     

热泵供热技术在纸机上的应用

介绍我厂在造纸机干燥部应用热泵供热技术改造传统的三段通汽并取得成功的情况。改造后纸机烘缸排水顺畅 ,车速稳步提高 ,在提高产品质量的前题下提高产量。应用热泵供热技术改造是保证纸机高效运行、提高热效率的重要环节。     

“广纸”#5纸机第二次技术改造

广州造纸厂的＃5长网造纸机,是五十年代从芬兰引进的,抄宽为3990毫米,运行车速450米/分,日产新闻纸100吨。该机经运行使用数十载,设备陈旧,技术落后。遂于1991年从芬兰购买部分纸机关键设备。进行局部修复性的技术改造,以替换并更新已完成历史使命的破旧设备,达到能继续维持正常生产的目的。 近期,根据广纸生产发展的规划,逐步实施对原有纸机分步改造的目标。于1996年9月,＃5纸机在第一次修复性技改的基础     

2004～2005年世界纸机最高车速纪录

近年来，世界造纸工业的纸机车速提高很快，车速最快的造纸机绝大部分在欧洲，在薄页纸方面亚洲摘了桂冠；而全球纸机及纸板产量最大的美国却没有一台纸机入列，唯有芬兰Stora Enso公司所属的加拿大Port Hawkebury厂的^#2纸机，生产SC纸成为北美仅有的进入最高速纸机行列的代表。在一定程度上说明了这一地区由于市场疲软，缺乏投资新增设备的动力。2004～2005年世界车速最高的造纸机及纸板机统计资料见表1。     

纸机族车速新记录

据《亚太造纸》报导,造纸工业新技术进展的重要标志——车速记录不断得到刷新。在规模效益和市场竞争的驱使下,纸机生产厂竞相推出车速更高的纸机,造纸厂则将这些纸机挖掘潜力,使其运行速度超过设计车速,下面介绍近年来投产的各类高速纸机。 1.新闻纸:瑞典Holmen Paper公司的Braviken纸机,设计车速达到1800米/分,网宽9.60米,日产量为986吨,年产量27     

最新国产4 920 mm文化纸机

概括介绍了最新研发的4920mm造纸机各个部分的配置和特点。为了提高文化用纸造纸机的产量、成品质量和自动化控制程度,经一年多的实际运行,完全达到了设计要求。该文化纸机主要有如下创新点:(1)抄造幅宽大卷纸机上纸幅宽度4920~4970mm;(2)运行车速高最高工作车速可达到1100m/min,而其设计车速则达到1300m/min;(3)产量大可年产19万t以上的文化纸;(4)生产品种多可生产双胶纸、复印纸、字典纸等;(5)成型部配备MB上网成型器;(6)压榨部配备靴型压榨,其设计压区压力高达800kN/m;(7)烘干部配备有28只直径为1500mm的VAC辊;(8)造纸机的湿部配备中心油脂润滑系统。     

纸幅干燥热泵供热系统

本文重点讨论三段通汽及热泵系统的特点,并用实例论证。在造纸机干燥部用热泵供热系统替代传统的三段通汽,使烘缸排水通畅,烘缸温升曲线合理,并且有利于提高纸机车速,提高产量和产品质量。随着高速纸机发展,造纸技术进步,自动化水平提高,热泵供热已经广泛地用于各类造纸机干燥部替代传统的三段通汽。     

国产造纸机的发展与存在问题

三十多年来,国产造纸机在部属院、所、各造纸厂以及造纸机械厂的共同努力下有较大的发展。以新闻纸机为例:1952年制成国产第一台18t/d新闻纸机,1957年制成50t/d新闻纸机,1960年制成60t/d新闻纸机,1975年制成车速为330min/min的50 t/d新闻纸机,目前正在制造600m/min的3150 mm的新闻纸机与胶印书刊纸纸机。随着国民经济增长,生产薄页纸、电容器纸、文化用纸、纸板等的各类造纸机都在发展,门幅增宽、产量提高、产纸质量有所改善。在结构性能方面,参照同时期的国外技术来改进纸机的主要部套。从建     

夹网纸机

一、夹网纸机发展的历史 (一) 纸机进步的标志自法国路易斯·罗伯特(Louis Robert)1799年发明第一台连续抄纸机以来,纸机的发展,已有180年的历史了。但是,纸机的进步和变动,要以近卅年最大。纸机进步的标志是什么?美国著名纸机制造公司(Beloit)付总经理E·J·Justur于1975年接受造纸贸易期刊记者访问时曾说:“纸机的宽度和纸机的速度是纸机进步的重要指标。廿五年前,当我进入Belolt服务时,标准纸机宽6.3米,新闻纸机车速每分钟510米,白纸板纸机台日产量400—500吨;但1975年标准纸机的宽度为10.2米,新闻纸机车速已达每分钟975米;几乎是25年前的二倍了”。据他看法,不久的将来,新闻纸机车速应以每分钟1220米、日产600吨为标准;白纸板纸机台日产量则以1500吨为准。     

可调式热泵在纸机干燥部的应用

对原有长网多缸新闻纸机供热系统进行改造,采用可调式热泵供热系统,有效地解决了负载大、蒸汽做功不足的问题,提高了纸机车速和干燥效率。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Aflatoxins in black tea in Iran

Aflatoxins (AFs) are highly toxic, and carcinogenic secondary fungal metabolites and have been detected in various food commodities. In this regard, 40 black tea samples including domestic and imported black tea were analysed for aflatoxin contamination by high-performance liquid chromatography using a post-column derivatisation procedure (Kobra cell) with fluorescence detection. Samples were randomly collected in 2010 from Tehran markets. The results revealed that 30 among 40 samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (27.5% of the total). Mean AFB1 content was 10.0 ng/g and mean of aflatoxin total was 12.07 ng/g for the 11 contaminated samples.