SHORT FATIGUE CRACK PARAMETER BASED ON THE TOTAL CRACK AREA

1. Introduction The initiation and propagation behavior of short cracks occupies a significant fraction of the fatigue life of unflawed material[13]. For this reason an understanding of the basic characteristics of short cracks in a smooth specimen is very important. There have been some studies concerned with the multiplication of cracks during fatigue in carbon steels[3~1 and a stainless steel1~J. In particular Goto reported that there is a continuous formation of microcracks during the en…     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT CRACKS AND EQUIVALENT PARAMETER OF FATIGUE DAMAGE

1. IntroductionThe initiation and propagation behavior of short cracks occupy a sigllificant fractionof the fatigue life of unflawed ..ie.ialll--3]. FOr this reason all understanding of the basiccharacteristics of short cracks in a smooth specimen is very importallt. There have beensome studies concerned with the multiplication of cracks dllring fatiglle ill carbon steels[3--4]and a stainless steeds]. In particular Goto reported that there is a colltilluous formationof microcracks during the …     

一种等应力试样中的疲劳短裂纹行为

设计了一种三角形试样,当施加弯曲载荷时,该试样等腰三角形段内的表面拉应力为常数。采用振动试验机对所设计的试样进行疲劳试验,以研究一种焊接金属表面疲劳短裂纹萌生和发展特征。结果表明,疲劳短裂纹起源于铁素体晶内的滑移带。随疲劳周次增加,短裂纹发展以裂纹密度不断增加为主要特征。短裂纹的汇合造成裂纹发展且裂纹路径以穿晶为主。     

中碳贝氏体支承辊钢低应力牵引滚动接触下的疲劳短裂纹行为

研究了中碳贝氏体支承辊钢在低应力、水润滑和牵引滚动条件下的接触疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展特征,发现了表面起源的垂直短裂纹和棘齿短裂纹．疲劳10^4cyc时,垂直短裂纹就在接触表面大量出现,且在萌生后立即进行高速初始扩展,其后绝大多数停止长大;棘齿短裂纹出现较晚．两种短裂纹长大到一定深度时均停止扩展．在疲劳失效寿命的70％-80％时,垂直短裂纹恢复扩展,并随即加速长大．几乎同时,两种短裂纹在亚表层以转折的方式重新扩展．在表面损伤出现之前,两种短裂纹的萌生和扩展行为始终局限在近表面薄层内．     

SHORT FATIGUE CRACK BEHAVIOUR IN ISO-STRESS SPECIMENS

Fatigue tests were made on a vibration machine using specially designed specimens to investi-gate the initiation and propagation features of short fatigue cracks in a weld metal.The spec-imens were triangular in shape so that when loaded as a cantilever beam the surface tensilestress is constant.Test results show that short fatigue cracks mainly originate from slip bandswithin ferrite grains.The development of short fatigue cracks is marked by a gradual increasein crack density with fatigue cycles.Coalescence of short cracks leads to crack propagationand the crack path is predominantly transgranular.     

海洋柔性立管用钢的疲劳断裂行为

采用GPS100高频疲劳试验机研究了海洋柔性立管用钢在温轧工艺下的疲劳断裂行为。结果表明,海洋柔性立管用钢疲劳寿命随加载应力幅的升高而不断下降;疲劳裂纹产生于试样表面,裂纹源区可见变形带及河流花样,裂纹扩展区存在大量二次裂纹,瞬断区疲劳裂纹呈韧性断裂特征。在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中,裂纹的扩展能力因大角度晶界的铁素体和高强度贝氏体的相互作用而受到限制,同时在晶界处形成的二次裂纹同样可减缓扩展速率,达到提高疲劳寿命的效果。     

THRESHOLD OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACK FOR Al-Li ALLOY 8090

Threshold of fatigue for short through cracks for Al-Li alloy 8090 was evaluated to be lowerthan that of long cracks,and to decrease with the shortening of the crack length.The correla-tion among the threshold,crack wake,and crack tip shielding of the short fatigue cracks wasdiscussed.The super demarcation length and lowest theoretical threshold of short through fa-tigue cracks were presented.     

喷丸对H13钢单边带缺口试样疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

喷丸工艺通过改变试件的表面形貌、微观组织及残余应力等表面完整性可以影响裂纹的萌生和扩展;对于存在缺陷的试件,喷丸的作用机制和影响结果有所不同。采用白光干涉仪、SEM、XRD及显微硬度计等对单边带缺口的H13钢薄板试样喷丸前后的表面完整性进行了测定。并借助原位SEM开展了系列裂纹扩展试验,分析了喷丸对试样疲劳寿命、裂纹扩展速率以及疲劳断口特征的影响。研究结果表明,虽然残余压应力诱发裂纹闭合,但由于喷丸后表面粗糙度的大幅提高增强了缺口效应,表面加工硬化使得韧性有所降低,以及残余应力在加载过程中发生松弛等因素,喷丸后单边带缺口试样的裂纹萌生过程缩短,疲劳寿命降低,且裂纹扩展速率的变化较小。喷丸前后疲劳断口形貌均为准解理特征,喷丸后断口近表面处的撕裂棱特征消失。     

BEHAVIOUR OF INITIATION AND GROWTH OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS

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FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN Al-Li ALLOY 8090

Fatigue crack growth rates of Al-Li alloy 8090 in air were found to be strongly dependent up-on the aging conditions.The naturally aged and underaged specimens showed the highest re-sistance to the fatigue crack propagation.The fatigue crack growth resistance of the overagedspecimen is the lowest and that of the peakaged specimen in between.As compared to air,3.5% NaCl solution does not change the effect of aging conditions on the fatigue crackgrowth,but causes a decrease of the resistance to the fatigue crack growth under the same ag-ing condition.Both short cracks from notch and physically short cracks showed much higherrates of fatigue crack propagation in comparison with long cracks under the same aging condi-tion and stress intensity level.The growth behavior of the short crack depends on its type.Thegrowth rate of short crack from notch decreases first to a minimum and then increases with in-creasing △K.However,the physically short crack grows at a progressively increasing rate.The effects of aging conditions are explained in terms of the slip planarity of dislocations andthe cyclic slip reversibility.The observed short crack behavior is considered to be dependent onthe crack closure and the local plasticity near the crack tip.     

2A97铝锂合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展行为(英文)

研究2A97铝锂合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展行为。在室温条件下,采用光滑试样进行疲劳测试,其中最大应力为恒定值,应力比R为0.1,频率f为40 Hz。利用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜及电子背散射衍射等手段对合金的微观组织进行分析,研究合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展行为与其微观组织的关系。结果表明:2A97合金的疲劳裂纹主要萌生于试样表面的杂质相和粗大第二相处;其疲劳裂纹的早期扩展行为主要受晶粒结构与位错或滑移带共同作用的影响。当相邻晶粒的错配度接近于其晶内的最优滑移面的位向差时,大角度晶界强烈阻碍滑移带的运动,从而导致裂纹分叉和偏折。     

基于原位SEM的激光-MIG复合焊接7075-T6铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为

通过扫描电镜原位观察激光复合焊接头各区裂纹的扩展行为. 结果表明,焊缝各区组织的不同使得疲劳裂纹扩展行为发生明显改变,疲劳裂纹位于焊缝中心时,裂纹总体沿着垂直于载荷主轴的方向扩展;疲劳裂纹位于热影响区时,裂纹大致成"Z"字型路径进行扩展;疲劳裂纹在焊缝中心和热影响区扩展时都存在二次裂纹;疲劳裂纹在母材区扩展时,呈现出单一和典型的裂纹扩展模式. 此外,通过原位SEM观察获得不同循环周期下的裂纹扩展长度,进而推算得到7075-T6铝合金接头各区内疲劳裂纹扩展速率的Paris公式.     

钛合金焊缝表面疲劳短裂纹的扩展行为

对TC2钛合金焊缝金属疲劳表面短裂纹扩展行为进行了实验研究,表明裂纹的扩展过程是多裂纹系统的演化过程.基于实验结果,考虑到短裂纹扩展过程中的合并、干涉作用等因素,用应力松弛区模糊化的方法,建立了仿真模型,对疲劳短裂纹演化的物理过程进行了数值模拟.将短裂纹演化行为模拟结果与短裂纹扩展复型的实验结果比较,可以看出两者吻合较好,表明所建立的准则合理、实用.     

Effect of corrosive environment on the fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior of Al 5454-H32

Fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy 5454- H32 was studied under laboratory air and 3 % NaCl solution environment using smooth cylindrical and notched plate specimens. Presence of 3 % NaCl environment during fatigue loading drastically reduced alloy fatigue life. The deleterious effect was pronounced in both types of specimens in the long- life regions, where the fatigue lives were lowered by as much as a factor of 10. However, the sharply notched specimens showed only a modest reduction in fatigue life in corrosive environment. The severe influence of the corrosive environment in the long- life (low- stress) regime cannot be explained merely by the early initiation of the fatigue crack from surface pits; the environmental contribution in the early crack growth regime must also be considered an important factor. Fracture surface studies revealed extensive pitting and some secondary cracking in the crack initiation region. It was shown that lowered fatigue life in Al 5454- H32 occurs by early initiation of fatigue cracks from surface pits. In addition, a corrosion pitting and secondary cracking process may be operative in the small crack growth region. This could have enhanced the early crack growth rate and thus contributed to the lower fatigue life in the long- cycle region.     

<111>取向DD499合金旋转弯曲高周疲劳性能的研究

研究了DD499单晶高温合金<111>取向700和900 ℃温度条件下光滑和缺口试样的高温旋转弯曲高周疲劳性能。结果表明：<111>取向DD499合金光滑试样的疲劳强度在700 ℃为355 MPa,在900 ℃时为400 MPa,其疲劳强度和缺口敏感性均随温度的升高而增大。<111>取向DD499合金两种温度光滑试样的疲劳断裂均为多源断裂,断裂机制均表现为沿最密排面{111}面的解理断裂特征;而缺口试样在700 ℃表现为沿缺口向中心扩展断裂,900 ℃表现为类似于光滑试样的断裂特征。     

<111>取向DD499合金旋转弯曲高周疲劳性能的研究

研究了DD499单晶高温合金<111>取向700和900℃温度条件下光滑和缺口试样的高温旋转弯曲高周疲劳性能。结果表明:<111>取向DD499合金光滑试样的疲劳强度在700℃为355MPa,在900℃时为400MPa,其疲劳强度和缺口敏感性均随温度的升高而增大。<111>取向DD499合金两种温度光滑试样的疲劳断裂均为多源断裂,断裂机制均表现为沿最密排面{111}面的解理断裂特征;而缺口试样在700℃表现为沿缺口向中心扩展断裂,900℃表现为类似于光滑试样的断裂特征。     

不锈钢管道焊缝金属疲劳短裂纹行为的实验研究Ⅱ.裂纹萌生,扩展与 …

基于“有效短裂纹准则”,用复型研究了１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢管道焊缝金属光滑试样表面的短裂纹萌生、扩展与交互作用行为。结果表明：有效短裂纹（ＥＳＦＣｓ）萌生于δ铁素体与奥氏体基体的交界处。ＥＳＦＣｓ扩展具有明显微观结构短裂纹（ＭＳＣ）和物理短裂纹（ＰＳＣ）两阶段特征。主导有效短裂纹（ＤＥＳＦＣ）行为是ＥＳＦＣｓ交互作用的结果,适于表征短裂纹行为。ＤＥＳＦＣ扩展率的分散性与ＥＳＦＣｓ密度的分散性有     

8090Al—Li合金的疲劳裂纹扩展

研究了8090型Al—Li合?疲劳裂纹扩展行为以及组织结构和环境的影响,结果表明,在空气中,自然时效和欠时效?现出最好的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力,其次是峰时效状态,而过时效状态的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力最低,在3.5%NaCl水溶液中,时效状态对疲劳裂纹扩展行为有着同空气中相同的影响规律,但在同样的时效条件下,在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力要比空气中的低,在相同的应力强度因子范围△K作用下,缺口短裂纹和物理短裂纹均表现出比长裂纹高的扩展速率,用位错的平面滑移性和循环滑移可逆性解释了时效的影响,用裂纹的闭合效应和裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸说明了长短裂纹扩展行为的差别。     

DZ125高温合金超高周疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展

裂纹的萌生与扩展是研究合金材料超高周疲劳行为的重要方面。本研究分析与探讨了温度和表面状态对DZ125合金的超高周疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展特征的影响。不同温度下,DZ125合金的超高周疲劳裂纹萌生位置和扩展方式不同。室温下,裂纹均沿表面起源,裂纹扩展以拉伸模式为主;700℃下,裂纹均沿亚表面起源,裂纹扩展以剪切模式为主。室温下,DZ125合金经激光冲击处理前后的超高周疲劳裂纹萌生位置和扩展方式均存在差异。经过激光冲击处理后,裂纹萌生于合金的内部孔洞缺陷,裂纹扩展完全以剪切模式进行。     

45钢疲劳短裂纹的形成和扩展

本文对４５钢光滑试样疲劳短裂的纹的形成和扩展进行了试验，利用复型技术和光学显微镜观测了裂纹尺寸演化全过程，发现疲劳短裂纹形成寿命小于失效寿命的１０％，根据裂纹的扩展速度将短裂纹形成分成微观短裂纹和物理短裂纹两个阶段，给出了区分两种短裂纹的裂纹特征尺寸值和两种短裂纹的扩展速度公式。