磁场对磁绝缘离子二极管性能的影响

基于等离子体的爆炸发射模型，用自洽的2—1／2维胞中粒子(PIC)模拟方法研究了磁场对强脉冲磁绝缘离子二极管性能的影响。给出了外加磁场为0—2Bcrit、二极管峰值电压为300kv情况下，二极管间隙中电子和质子的轨迹、二极管束流Id、阴极发射电子在阳极上损失的电子流密度je和在阴极引出质子束流密度jp随时间的演变过程。讨论了磁场对虚阴极、二极管阻抗和二极管能量转换效率等的影响。     

利用MCNP对阵列电离室电极片电子发射产额的影响研究

本文通过对7种材质(C、Al、Fe、Cu、Ag、W、Pb)电极片在1.25 Me V入射光子束作用下的电子发射产额进行模拟计算,研究了厚度和材质对阵列电离室电极片电子发射产额的影响关系。研究结果表明:阵列电离室电极片在辐射光子作用下的电子发射产额在电极片厚度较厚时(特别是大于0.01 mm时),随着电极片厚度或电子密度的增大而明显减小。另外,电极片长度的选取需要结合电极的材质适当考虑。     

螺旋管源的离子引出和PIC模拟

离子引出系统的设计通常要求计算机编码的帮助。本文描述了基于配备有三栅引出系统的螺旋管源的实验装置，该装置作为一个离子源使用，介绍了一个基于胞中粒子法（PIC）的数值方法。对于不同的气体，将利用离子源所获得的结果与模拟结果进行了比较并用于证实计算机编码，该数值编码是离子源设计包中的首要组成部分，它涉及到栅的腐蚀和离子束流在靶上的分布。     

NaF晶体中电子辐照诱导的F_2~+心和(F_2~+)心产生和衰减的动力学过程

采用电子束在不同温度辐照了纯NaF、NaF:Mg~(++)和NaF:Mn~(++)的样品,测量了这些样品的吸收光谱随温度和时间的变化。降低辐照温度有利于(F_2~+)~*心的生成。F_2~+心的衰减和(F_2~+)~*心的产生包括四个反应:F_2~+心的去电离、F_2~+心的热离解、F_2~+心转化为(F_2~+)~*心和(F_2~+)~*心的直接合成。对于不同的掺杂浓度和辐照条件,不同的反应将起主要作用。(F_2~+)~*心应由F_2~+心、某种辐照损伤和外围的二阶金属离子构成。     

Impact of exterior electron emission on the self-sustaining margin of hollow cathode discharge

Hollow cathode researches used to focus on the inner cavity or downstream plume, however,rarely on the gap between the throttling orifice plate and the keeper plate(T-K gap), which was found to impact the self-sustaining margin of hollow cathode discharge in this paper. Near the lower margin, the main power deposition and electron emission and ionization regions would migrate from inner cavity and downstream plume to the T-K gap, in which case, the source and destination of each m A current therein matter for the self-sustaining capability. Changing the metal surfaces in the T-K gap with emissive materials proved effective in lowering the lower margin by supplementing auxiliary thermionic emission, compensating electron loss on cold absorbing walls and suppressing discharge oscillations. By doing so, the lower margin of a 4 A hollow cathode was lowered from 1 to 0.1-0.2 A, enabling it to couple with low power Hall thruster without extra keeper current.     

Influence of the projectile charge state on the ionization probability of sputtered particles

We present a computational study of the effect of the projectile charge state on secondary ion formation in sputtering. A molecular dynamics simulation of an atomic collision cascade is combined with a kinetic excitation model including electronic friction and electron promotion in close atomic collisions. The model is extended to account for potential excitation following the bombardment with a highly charged ion (HCI). The spatial spreading of the excitation generated in the cascade is treated in an diffusive approach. The excitation energy density profile obtained this way is parametrized via an effective electron temperature, which is then used to calculate the ionization probability of each sputtered atom in terms of a simple charge exchange model. The results obtained for the impact of a 5 keV Ag atom onto a solid silver surface show that the average ionization probability increases from 4.7×10^-4 for a neutral projectile to 5.4×10^-4 for a highly charged projectile ion with a total ionization energy of 576 eV.     

一台用于IMP重离子治癌线上的电离室

介绍一种用于中国科学院近代物理研究所(IMP)重离子肿瘤治疗线上、于纵向场常压下工作的气体电离室,其灵敏面积为250 mm×250 mm,极间距离为10 mm,电离室工作气体为P10,在85kPa下流气式工作.用75 MeV/u 12C离子入射,测量了电离室的坪曲线.发现电离室工作坪区900-3000 V,12C的Bragg峰位于13.73 mm,峰的极大值半高宽(FWHM)为0.19 mm.     

软X射线光束线能量分辨率测量中 气体压强对谱线的影响研究

同步辐射软X射线光束线通常利用气体电离室来标定单色仪的能量及测量能量分辨率,通过分析拟合所得谱线的半高宽,可以对光束线的能量分辨能力进行定量评估.然而,传统的分析方法往往忽略了谱线中气体碰撞展宽的影响,从而导致所得能量分辨率略低于真实值.通过讨论气压对测量所得的谱线宽度的影响,提出了一种考虑气压修正的能量分辨率计算方法...     

Electrical characters and optical emission spectra of VBD coupled SBD excited by sine AC voltage in atmospheric air

In this paper,volume coupled surface barrier discharge(V-SBD) with three structures possessing different volumes is excited by sine AC power in atmospheric air.Discharge images,waveforms of applied voltage and discharge current,and optical emission spectra simulating rotational and vibrational temperatures are recorded and analyzed.The effects of applied voltage on emission intensities of N_2(C~3Π_u→ B~3Π_g) and N_2~+(B~2∑_u~+ → X~2E_g~+),and rotational and vibrational temperatures are investigated.The results show that as applied voltage rises,emission intensities and rotational temperatures increase while vibrational temperatures decrease.In addition it is found that,as applied voltage varies,the rotational temperature of surface discharge changes faster than that of volume discharge.     

Exploration of a MgO cathode for improving the intensity of pulsed discharge plasma at atmosphere

With regard to the lower density and energy of electrons in pulsed discharge plasma (PDP) at atmosphere, leading to the lower energy utilization of plasma, we propose a MgO cathode to enhance the plasma intensity according to field emission principle. The MgO cathode is prepared by an electro-depositing MgO film on a stainless steel plate. This way, the positive charges come to the cathode and accumulate on the surface of the MgO film, leading to the enhancement of the electric field intensity between the cathode and MgO film, and result in the strong emission of secondary electrons from the MgO cathode. As a result, the intensity of plasma can be enhanced. Herein, the effect of the MgO cathode on the intensity of PDP is investigated. It was shown that the discharge peak current was improved by 20% compared with that of without the MgO cathode. With increasing the MgO film thickness, discharge intensity, including the peak current, transforming charge and spectrum intensity first increased and then decreased. Higher enhancement of peak current, transforming charge and spectrum intensity were acquired with a higher peak voltage. Compared to a cathode without MgO film, the ozone production is higher with MgO cathode employed. The research proposes a novel approach for improving the intensity of discharge plasma, and also provides a reference for further application of PDP.     

Amplification process of a gas electron multiplier simulated by PIC-MCC model

The performance of a single gas electron multiplier(GEM) in pure Xe at an atmospheric pressure is investigated by Particle in Cell-Monte Carlo Collision(PIC-MCC) model.The micro development processes with electrons and ions distributions in space have been revealed.Based on the micro development processes,the macroscopic parameters such as GEM gain and the effective efficiency have also been obtained.The simulation results indicate that after tens of nanoseconds,electrons are collected by the readout electrode while the ions still exist in the gas space for several microseconds.The main signal current is formed by the electrons arriving at the readout electrode,but electrons and ions are also collected by the copper electrodes near the GEM hole and the thin Kapton film boundary.The simulated gain of GEM exponentially increases with the applied GEM voltage.With the PIC-MCC simulations,both the physical amplification and charging mechanisms in the GEM device can be well understood,which is beneficial to the device design.     

Analysis on discharge process of a plasma-jet trigered gas spark switch

The plasma-jet triggered gas switch (PJTGS) could operate at a low working coefficient with a low jitter. We observed and analyzed the discharge process of the PJTGS at the lowest working coefficient of 47% with the trigger voltage of 40 kV and the pulse energy of 2 J to evaluate the effect of the plasma jet. The temporal and spatial evolution and the optical emission spectrum of the plasma jet were captured. And the spraying delay time and outlet velocity under different gas pressures were investigated. In addition, the particle in cell with Monte Carlo collision was employed to obtain the particle distribution of the plasma jet varying with time. The results show that, the plasma jet generated by spark discharge is sprayed into a spark gap within tens of nanoseconds, and its outlet velocity could reach 104ms−1. The plasma jet plays a non-penetrating inducing role in the triggered discharge process of the PJTGS. On the one hand, the plasma jet provides the initial electrons needed by the discharge; on the other hand, a large number of electrons focusing on the head of the plasma jet distort the electric field between the head of the plasma jet and the opposite electrode. Therefore, a fast discharge originated from the plasma jet is induced and quickly bridges two electrodes.     

Experimental investigation on the development characteristics of initial electrons in a gas pressurized closing switch under DC voltage

As one of the most important elements in linear transformer driver(LTD) based systems, the gas pressurized closing switches are required to operate with a very low prefire probability during the DC-charging process to ensure reliable operation and stable output of the whole pulsed power system. The most direct and effective way to control the prefire probability is to select a suitable working coefficient. The study of the development characteristics of the initially generated electrons is useful for optimizing the working coefficient and improving the prefire characteristic of the switches. In this paper an ultraviolet pulsed laser is used to generate initial electrons inside the gap volume. A current measuring system is used to measure the time-dependent current generated by the growth of the initial electrons so as to study the development characteristics of the electrons under different working coefficients. Experimental results show that the development characteristics of the initial electrons are influenced obviously by the working coefficient. With the increase of the working coefficient, the development degree of the electrons increases consequently. At the same times, there is a threshold of working coefficient which produces the effect of ionization on electrons. The range of the threshold has a slow growth but remains close to 65% with the gas pressure increase. When the working coefficient increases further, γ processes are starting to be generated inside the gap volume. In addition, an optimal working coefficient beneficial for improving the prefire characteristic is indicated and further tested.     

Effects of discharge parameters on the micro-hollow cathode sustained glow discharge

The effects of parameters such as pressure, first anode radius, and the cavity diameter on the micro-hollow cathode sustained glow discharge are investigated by using a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model in pure argon. The results indicate that the three parameters influence the discharge in the regions inside and outside of the cavity. Under a fixed voltage on each electrode, a larger volume of high density plasma can be produced in the region between the first and the second anodes by selecting the appropriate pressure, the higher first anode, and the appropriate cavity diameter. As the pressure increases, the electron density inside the hollow cathode, the high density plasma volume between the first anode and second anodes, and the radial electric field in the cathode cavity initially increase and subsequently decrease. As the cavity diameter increases, the high-density plasma volume between the first and second anodes initially increases and subsequently decreases; whereas the electron density inside the hollow cathode decreases. As the first anode radius increases, the electron density increases both inside and outside of the cavity. Moreover, the increase of the electron density is more obvious in the microcathode sustained region than in the micro cavity region. The results reveal that the discharge inside the cavity interacts with that outside the cavity. The strong hollow cathode effect and the high-density plasma inside the cavity favor the formation of a sustained discharge between the first anode and the second anodes. Results also show that the radial boundary conditions exert a considerably weaker influence on the discharge except for a little change in the region close to the radial boundary.