调制式振动对大斜度井减摩阻影响规律

基于钻柱振动与井壁摩阻间的耦合作用研究,依据弹性杆理论,建立大斜度井激发钻柱产生轴向振动减小摩阻的数学模型,分析激振力强度、激振频率、摩阻系数和钻井液黏滞系数对钻柱振动减阻效果的影响。采用正交数值试验对各因素的影响程度进行分析。结果表明:提高激振力强度、频率或降低摩阻系数和钻井液黏滞系数均可提高振动减阻效果,其中激振频率存在最优值;各因素对钻柱振动减阻效果的影响由大到小依次为激振器强度、摩阻系数、激振器频率和钻井液黏滞系数。     

钻杆纵-扭耦合振动两自由度模型的动力学分析

基于钻杆纵向和扭转振动耦合的两自由度模型,结合钻头所受纵向力和扭矩模型的简化,利用平均法讨论了主要工作参数以及外界介质参数对其周期振动振幅和频率的影响,并进行了数值仿真验证。此外还利用数值计算仿真了工作参数和介质参数对粘滑运动的影响。结果表明,转盘转速的增加会使扭转振幅增大,但是适量增大转盘转速可以有效降低钻杆粘滞时间,减弱粘滑振动现象。钻头与岩石间的摩擦系数的增大会使相对角位移增大,粘滑现象更加明显,粘滞时间变长。     

水平旋转钻柱横向振动特性试验

利用水平井钻柱动力学特性模拟装置,对不同钻压和转速条件下水平旋转钻柱横向振动特性进行试验研究。结果表明:钻压和转速是影响水平井旋转钻柱横向振动特性的重要因素;随着转速增加,两横向振动的频率逐渐变大而相位差变小,两横向振动频率与钻柱自转频率呈线性关系;钻压增大对两横向振动频率的影响不大,但两横向振动的相位差会随着钻压的增大而逐渐变小;实际钻进中,钻柱一直处于井筒的右下部,转速选取时应尽量避开52.1 r/min。     

钻柱纵向振动模型的建立及求解方法

在牙轮钻头与井底岩石互作用模型的基础之上,将钻头在井底作纵向往复运动的位移作为钻柱纵向振动的下端边界条件,在适当简化的条件下,利用弹性杆理论和单元法建立了钻柱在钻井过程中由于钻头与岩石互作用及钻柱的弹性变形而导致钻柱产生纵向振动的动力学模型在给定初始条件和边界条件的情况下,采用数值计算方法求解了钻柱纵振模型。为进一步弄清钻头、钻柱在钻井过程中的实际运动规律和动力学性能,改进钻头、钻柱的设计方法,预防钻头、钻柱早期失效奠定了基础。     

考虑连续特性的水平井钻柱轴向振动分析

为精确的描述水平井钻柱轴向受迫振动规律,本文以连续性波动理论为基础,考虑了钻柱连续特性、库伦阻尼及钻井液粘性阻尼作用和轴向振动工具对钻柱的位移激励,并采用等效粘性阻尼法对库仑阻尼进行线性化处理,建立了轴向振动工具作用下的水平井钻柱运动的动态解析模型;通过Burnett等人发表的轴向振动工具测试实验验证了本文所建模型,并利用数值模拟分析了轴向振动工具的频率及钻柱与井壁间摩擦系数对水平井钻柱轴向受迫振动的影响。结果表明：在一定范围内增加轴向振动工具的振荡频率可提高水平井钻柱的轴向受迫振动响应;钻柱与井壁间摩擦系数对水平井钻柱轴向受迫振动的影响随着钻柱长度的增加而降低。本文的研究方法和模型可为改善轴向振动工具在水平井作业中的作用提供理论指导。     

旋转激励振动载荷对平面摩擦副的影响实验

振动可以减小摩擦,利用自制的旋转激励环境下摩擦力测试实验装置研究了旋转激励振动载荷的幅值和频率对不同材料平面摩擦副摩擦力的影响。实验表明:旋转激励振动载荷降低了平面摩擦副的摩擦系数。相同激振频率下,随着名义振幅的增大,摩擦系数不断减小,且二者呈现近似线性关系。相同名义振幅条件下,Q235A-Q235A平面摩擦副摩擦系数减小率最大,Q235A-花岗岩平面摩擦副摩擦系数减小率次之,Q235A-400目砂纸平面摩擦副摩擦系数减小率最小。相同名义振幅下,随着激振频率的增大,摩擦系数亦呈现减小的趋势;在激振频率为15 Hz以前,摩擦系数减小速率较快,当激振频率超过15Hz后,摩擦系数减小速率变慢。     

直井眼钟摆钻具纵向振动特性的实验研究

为了了解直井眼中底部钻柱的纵向振动特性,利用根据相似理论设计出的钻柱动力学模拟试验装置,对不同参数组合下的钟摆钻具组合纵向振动特性进行了模拟实验研究。实验结果表明,钻柱的纵向振动主要与转速和钻压有关。转速一定时,提高钻压有利于减轻钻柱纵向振动;钻压一定时,降低转速有利于减轻钻柱的纵向振动;当对钻具施加的名义钻压一定时,随着转速的增加,平均钻压有减小的趋势。另外,在减小直井底部钻柱纵向振动的问题上存在钻压与转速的优化组合。     

直井眼钟摆钻具纵向振动特性的实验研究

为了了解直井眼中底部钻柱的纵向振动特性,利用根据相似理论设计出的钻柱动力学模拟试验装置,对不同参数组合下的钟摆钻具组合纵向振动特性进行了模拟实验研究.实验结果表明,钻柱的纵向振动主要与转速和钻压有关.转速一定时,提高钻压有利于减轻钻柱纵向振动;钻压一定时,降低转速有利于减轻钻柱的纵向振动;当对钻具施加的名义钻压一定时,随着转速的增加,平均钻压有减小的趋势.另外,在减小直井底部钻柱纵向振动的问题上存在钻压与转速的优化组合.     

菲律宾蛤仔采捕机振动松土装置设计与试验

为软化疏松菲律宾蛤仔养殖土壤,便于机械化采捕和降低采捕设备牵引阻力,设计了曲柄摇杆式菲律宾蛤仔采捕机前置振动松土装置,并进行了仿真与试验研究.采用ADAMS软件建模求解了振动耙齿在不同振幅时的曲柄长度,并仿真了不同频率、牵引速度和振幅条件下耙齿顶端的运动轨迹,表明当速度比大于1且最小速度角小于90°时,有利于减小牵引力.样机的单因素试验结果表明,提高振幅和频率、降低牵引速度可有效降低土壤贯入力和装置牵引力,但频率提高时减阻效果有限.三因素三水平正交试验结果显示,牵引速度对土壤贯入力和装置牵引力影响显著,耙齿的振幅对土壤贯入力的影响极其显著.综合考虑各因素,确定振幅15mm、牵引速度0.51m/s和曲柄转动频率15Hz为土壤软化和装置减阻的最佳条件,此时速度比为1.42,最小速度角为73°,土壤贯入力较振动前下降了64.04%.     

大斜度井眼中钻柱运动特性模拟试验

基于相似原理建造钻柱动力学室内模拟试验装置,根据试验数据还原钻柱的实际运动轨迹,并从横向振动、加速度和偏移量等方面对钻柱的运动状态进行定量评价。结果表明:转速是影响钻柱运动特性的决定性因素,低转速时钻柱横向振动频率等于钻柱自转频率,钻柱平均加速度线性增加;高转速时横向振动频率增加为自转频率的两倍,平均加速度发生跃升;钻压对钻柱运动特性影响并不显著;井斜角对钻柱的横向振动幅度和频率均无明显影响,但钻柱的横向偏移量随着井斜角的增大而增加;为了避免钻柱的剧烈振动,实际钻进过程中转速应小于69.4 r/min。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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