基于AMESim伺服直驱泵控缸系统压力闭环控制特性分析

通过对伺服直驱泵控缸电液伺服系统工作原理的分析,推导出压力闭环控制系统的数学模型,并在AMESim中搭建出压力闭环控制回路的仿真模型。通过仿真对比分析了泵控缸压力开环闭环的特性,并对影响压力闭环PID控制特性的重要参数(液压缸的泄漏系数、电机转矩灵敏度系数、PID参数)进行仿真分析。研究结果表明通过合理的选择,控制参数可以显著提高伺服直驱泵控缸压力闭环控制系统的动态特性。     

硅微电容式加速度计的闭环控制技术研究

论述了闭环控制的原理,即通过静电力反馈来实现平衡控制。并通过计算保证了闭环控制系统的稳定性。可见,闭环工作下的电容式加速度计的稳定性、精度和线性度等都得到了提高。     

基于双闭环控制系统的单片机驱动步进电机

在各种复杂控制系统中,双闭环控制系统占有较大比重,它具备较好的抗干扰能力、适应性和控制质量,因此在复杂的过程控制工业中得到了广泛的应用。文中对双闭环控制系统的特点和主副回路设计进行了详述,设计了驱动步进电机的双闭环控制系统。仿真结果表明该系统具有优良的控制精度和稳定性。     

基于ARM与μCOS-Ⅱ的试验机控制系统设计与研究

针对目前很多试验机控制系统以MS51系列为CPU、以单速度闭环为控制系统的现状,设计了以CortexM3核CPU为硬件平台、以μCOS-II为操作系统的双闭环模糊PID控制系统。介绍了系统的硬件构成,研究了位置闭环和速度闭环自动切换的双闭环控制,给出了系统的测试结果。结果表明,使用该系统的试验机在加载和保载时都有良好的效果。     

负荷扰动下电厂控制系统性能评价的理论研究

针对热工控制系统模型,介绍了基于随机扰动的闭环控制系统性能评价方法。通过计算负荷扰动下误差响应曲线峰值前、后的面积比来获得性能评价指标。以临界阻尼为界,可以计算出任意阶次闭环传递函数的性能评价指标R,得到系统性能优劣的分界线。     

随机参数智能桁架结构在随机力下的闭环控制动力响应分析

针对随机参数压电智能桁架结构研究了基于概率的结构闭环控制系统动力响应分析模型与方法。利用振型迭加法导出了结构的物理参数、外荷载幅值以及闭环系统控制力同时具有随机性时 ,结构动力响应随机变量的数字特征计算表达式。通过算例考察了智能结构物理参数、外荷载幅值以及控制力的随机性对结构闭环控制系统动力响应的影响 ,并获得了一些有意义的结论     

PID压力闭环控制在薄壁件厚度在线测量中的应用

为了满足航空航天薄壁零件的高精度要求,提出了一种在线测量厚度的方法。压力闭环控制系统是厚度在线测量中重要的子系统,其作用是保证薄壁件与测厚装置之间的压力恒定,使测出的薄壁件厚度稳定且不划伤工件。现设计了一种压力闭环控制系统,并对系统的元器件进行了选型,然后通过MATLAB仿真得出了压力闭环控制系统的P、I、D参数。通过西门子PLC的FB41模块实现PID闭环控制,使压力值维持在600 N左右,薄壁件厚度在5.56～5.58 mm之间。通过恒定压力在线测量薄壁部件的厚度,精度非常高。     

同步带驱动的船用柔性定位系统的建模与控制

以船用自动仓储为应用背景,构造了基于同步带驱动的柔性直线定位伺服系统。首先,基于集总参数法构建了系统的动力学模型。其次,设计了包含电流环、速度环、位置环在内的三闭环控制器,并对比分析了半闭环位置控制系统和全闭环位置控制系统的优劣,分析结果表明,在船舶横摇运动的干扰下,全闭环控制系统具有更高的定位精度。     

电动助力转向系统双闭环模糊PID控制系统分析

电动助力转向系统(EPS)是机电结合的控制系统,电流PID控制是以目标电流和反馈电流为差值的闭环控制系统,模糊控制是以机械转向轴取差值的机电闭环控制系统,本文以力矩反馈环为外环,电流反馈环为内环,设计了一个双闭环控制系统.将模糊PD控制的输出作为助力目标值,然后进行电流PID控制,快速跟踪目标力矩. 经仿真模拟,双闭环模糊PID控制使电动助力转向系统具有更好的跟踪性和稳定性.     

旋转电加工机床步进电机的控制研究

介绍了基于PC机的步进电机控制系统，通过开环和闭环控制系统的有机结合，实现了精密旋转电火花加工机床运动系统的精确自动控制。实验验证该系统运行可靠。     

CMM Probing Accessibility in a Single Slot

This study presents a novel mathematical method for resolving the accessibility of a through slot when using coordinate measuring machines. The proposed method considers the actual shape of a probe consisting of a motor column, a stylus, and a probe tip. Also derived herein is a mathematical method to derive the feasible probe orientation of the measurement point in the bottom of a slot using a geometrical relationship between the probe and the slot.     

Decrease in the operating gas pressure in an ion source

The results of use of a cold hollow cathode with a multipole magnetic field in a duoplasmatron-type ion source are described. The operating parameters of a duoplasmatron with the developed cathode and a duoplasmatron with a cold hollow two-cylinder cathode are compared. It is shown that the use of a cathode with a multipole magnetic field offers additional possibilities of reducing the operating gas pressure in an ion source and contributes to an increase in both the current and the phase density of the ion-beam current at the output of a charged-particle source and to a decrease in the phase volume of this beam.     

A CO2 tracer-gas method for local air leakage detection and characterization

A method for local measurement of air leakage rate is presented that can be used to accurately and quickly assess leakage rates across a surface, such as around a valve or hatch in a pressurized gas tank or a window in a building. The method uses a small local enclosure with constant volume placed about a region on the structure under investigation (e.g., a window), which is depressurized and injected with a small concentration of carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. The time variation of the pressure and carbon dioxide concentration inside the enclosure are monitored and used to quantify the leakage flow rate as a function of pressure difference. This method uses a small enclosure with internal mixing so that a quasi-steady-state condition is quickly achieved. Because of the small size of the enclosure, advanced data processing techniques are necessary to reduce uncertainty in determination of the rate of change of the carbon dioxide concentration that arises from sensor variability. Results of a laboratory demonstration of the proposed leakage detection and characterization device are reported for the problem of leakage through a circular hole in a plate with prescribed pressure differences. Experimental results from the laboratory tests are found to be in excellent agreement with results of a numerical simulation of leakage flow through a hole, as well as predictions from a number of empirical equations for this problem found in the literature.     

The interaction between two wearing surfaces I: Copper sliding on Cu-Be and Cu-Be sliding on Cu-Be

The work reported in this paper is an investigation of the interaction of the two components of a wear system with reference to the physical properties of both components. Copper sliding on Cu-Be and Cu-Be sliding on Cu-Be were studied using a ball-on-disc machine, Auger spectroscopy and microhardness measurements. The two systems are found to be qualitatively similar classic examples of severe wear. The wear of a Cu-Be disc sliding under a copper ball is, however, greater than the wear of a Cu-Be disc sliding under a Cu-Be ball. This is attributed to work hardening of the copper ball resulting from an interaction between the two wearing surfaces. Microhardness measurements show that the surface of a Cu-Be ball and a Cu-Be disc are not work hardened during a wear experiment. The surface of a copper ball is work hardened, however, and becomes significantly harder than the wear scar on a Cu-Be ball. As a result the Cu-Be disc wears at a faster rate when sliding under a copper ball than it does when sliding under a Cu-Be ball.     

Determination of the velocity and size of bubbles in two-phase flows by using a laser doppler anemometer

Natural oscillations of a spherical interface between a gas and a liquid in a bubble are registered. A possibility of measuring the geometric parameters of stationary and moving particles of the disperse phase by a laser Doppler anemometer is demonstrated. A method for simultaneous determination of the size and velocity of a bubble or a droplet in a two-phase flow is developed. The mean sizes of a group of bubbles settled on a ruler are compared: the results are obtained by two independent methods, i.e., by analyzing the image and by processing the Doppler signal containing information about the natural oscillations of the spherical interface between the media. A possibility of using a laser Doppler anemometer for simultaneous measurements of the velocity and size of bubbles or droplets in a two-phase flow is confirmed.     

Automated fixture configuration using projective geometry approach

The geometric and topological specification of a workpiece boundary is usually represented in a specific data format in a CAD database. To retrieve a set of workpiece data, to analyse its shape in addition to the machining requirements, and to determine the proper fixture configuration accordingly, are not trivial tasks when a part has a complicated shape. The real challenge is to recognise and synthesise the shape of a workpiece from its data representation. Consequently, the decision for fixturing can be made when the shape of a workpiece and the relationship of the shape and the fixturing configuration can be derived by a systematic methodology. In this paper, a projective spatial occupancy enumeration (PSOE) approach is applied as a representational and manipulating scheme for developing algorithms in automatic fixture configuration. The workpiece is projected onto the working plane of the fixture baseplate. A 2D projection is defined as a matrix of cells which can represent a workpiece with an arbitrary shape. Using a discrete search based upon the matrix of cells, the fixture types and their locations are generated according to a set of heuristic algorithms. This work is a generalisation and extension of previous works for prismatic parts. The same methodology is equally applicable in general robot grasping.     

智能气体识别仪的研究

智能气体识别仪用以识别气体种类,它具有学习识别多种气体的功能。本文介绍了仪器的工作原理、特点及仪器的硬件和软件构成。     

套式钻模的应用研究

在各种长度和直径的圆柱体或空心圆柱体的外圆柱面上沿横截面圆周方向钻削,有较高的位置精度要求且呈多层均匀分布或多层非均匀分布或螺旋均匀分布或螺旋非均匀分布的孔和螺纹孔的方法进行了研究,重点介绍了长度与外径比＆gt;5的圆柱体或空心圆柱体。研究发现,目前常见的固定式钻模、回转分度式钻模、移动式钻模、翻转式钻模和盖板式钻模都不是最佳选择,因为它们的钻模板均为长方体,与圆柱面不能完全配合,导致夹紧元件和定位元件的结构复杂,形式单一且制造周期长,成本高,夹紧钻模的方式单一。套式钻模的钻模板为空心圆柱体,空心圆柱体的独特之处是使套式钻模可与圆柱面完美配合,夹紧元件和定位元件的结构简单,形式灵活且制造周期短,成本低,夹紧钻模的方式灵活,从而使其成为在各种长度和直径的圆柱体或空心圆柱体的外圆柱面上钻削各种排列组合方式的孔和螺纹孔的最佳选择。     

A re-configurable cross-sectional imaging system for reverse engineering based on a CNC milling machine

This paper presents a novel reverse engineering digitizing system for full part geometry, which is based on a cross-sectional imaging device built in a NC milling machine. The system successively captures a picture for each planar cross-section contour of the part by end-milling and CCD imaging, and builds the geometry for both external and internal surfaces of the complex 3D part based on a set of the vectored cross-sectional contours. The system mainly consists of three components: a NC milling machine, a cross-sectional imaging device and a computer control unit. Some issues involving the principle and process flow of the system, encasing materials, cross-sectional imaging and NC code generation, etc. are described in detail. Built on an existing NC milling machine, a portable device for capturing the cross-sectional images is designed, which includes an isolated light source, a digital camera, a protective case, a rigid arm and a robust tripod. The device, connected to a computer control unit, serves as a highly flexible accessory for the NC milling machine, constructing the cross-sectional imaging system for reverse engineering. Furthermore, the error analysis and accuracy assessment of the system are also addressed. A typical case is discussed in detail to illustrate the applications of the system. Such a re-configurable digitizing system for reverse engineering offers a number of advantages, such as the functional extension of an existing NC milling machine, low costs, and rapid construction. As a result, this system provides a feasible and useful scheme for many enterprises to construct their own reverse measuring system based on existing equipment to aid in rapid product development and extend the function of existing equipment.     

A broadband Fourier transform microwave spectrometer based on chirped pulse excitation

Designs for a broadband chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectrometer are presented. The spectrometer is capable of measuring the 7-18 GHz region of a rotational spectrum in a single data acquisition. One design uses a 4.2 Gsampless arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) to produce a 1 mus duration chirped pulse with a linear frequency sweep of 1.375 GHz. This pulse is sent through a microwave circuit to multiply the bandwidth of the pulse by a factor of 8 and upconvert it to the 7.5-18.5 GHz range. The chirped pulse is amplified by a traveling wave tube amplifier and broadcast inside the spectrometer by using a double ridge standard gain horn antenna. The broadband molecular free induction decay (FID) is received by a second horn antenna, downconverted, and digitized by a 40 Gsampless (12 GHz hardware bandwidth) digital oscilloscope. The second design uses a simplified pulse generation and FID detection scheme, employing current state-of-the-art high-speed digital electronics. In this spectrometer, a chirped pulse with 12 GHz of bandwidth is directly generated by using a 20 Gsampless AWG and upconverted in a single step with an ultrabroadband mixer. The amplified molecular emission is directly detected by using a 50 Gsampless digital oscilloscope with 18 GHz bandwidth. In both designs, fast Fourier transform of the FID produces the frequency domain rotational spectrum in the 7-18 GHz range. The performance of the CP-FTMW spectrometer is compared to a Balle-Flygare-type cavity-FTMW spectrometer. The CP-FTMW spectrometer produces an equal sensitivity spectrum with a factor of 40 reduction in measurement time and a reduction in sample consumption by a factor of 20. The CP-FTMW spectrometer also displays good intensity accuracy for both sample number density and rotational transition moment. Strategies to reduce the CP-FTMW measurement time by another factor of 90 while simultaneously reducing the sample consumption by a factor of 30 are demonstrated.