基于阶梯相位调制的窄谱激光主动照明均匀性

提出一种基于阶梯相位调制的窄谱激光主动照明方法,利用阶梯型相位调制器对窄谱激光进行相位调制,提高照明激光到达目标处的光斑均匀性和稳定性.建立了窄谱激光阶梯相位调制和照明激光远场光斑均匀性的理论模型,搭建了光束经过1.8 km水平传输的窄谱激光主动照明实验平台,通过5阶梯相位调制器对0.05 nm线宽的照明激光进行相位调制,实现了照明激光远场光斑匀化实验.实验结果表明,通过5阶梯相位调制器进行相位调制后,远场光斑包含57%能量区域的空间闪烁率从0.73改善到0.33,中心光强时间闪烁指数从0.38改善到0.14,照明激光远场光斑均匀性和稳定性都得到明显提升.     

基于波前相位调制的宽视场光片显微镜研究

为解决光片显微镜成像视场范围小的问题,通过光束波前相位调制与图像拼接技术实现了光片显微镜对样本的宽视场成像。数值模拟了照明光束在波前相位调制后物镜聚焦面处的光强分布。搭建了光片显微镜光路系统,并对荧光微球、菊花花粉进行成像实验。采用片状照明光束对不同聚焦位置处的样本进行成像,再将图像进行剪裁、拼接得到宽视场成像结果。实验结果表明,488nm激发光通过数值孔径为0.3的物镜照明样本成像,可在保持光片厚度为0.81μm的情况下达到31.93μm的成像视场,视场扩展到原视场的3倍以上。仿真和实验表明,采用光束波前相位调制与图像拼接技术可在不损失层切能力的前提下扩展光片显微镜的成像视场。     

可见光域叠层成像中照明光束的关键参量研究

研究了可见光域叠层成像中照明光束的系列关键参量对成像质量的影响. 利用叠层成像迭代恢复算法,通过模拟实验研究了照明光束的交叠率、光束尺寸以及几何形状对成像恢复质量的相互制约关系. 模拟结果表明,光束的交叠率是影响成像恢复质量的主要因素,光束的形状主要影响成像的收敛速度,而光束尺寸对成像的恢复质量以及收敛速度直接影响较小. 因此,通过模拟可以对可见光域、X 射线以及电子波段等其他波段的实验进行系统优化照明光束参数起到一定的理论指导作用. 关键词： 相干衍射 叠层成像 相位恢复     

结合去卷积的艾里光束片状光显微成像研究

为了解决传统高斯光束片状光照明显微成像技术高轴向分辨率时视场范围(FOV)小的问题,结合艾里光束片状光照明样本成像与去卷积算法,实现了光片显微镜对样本的高轴向分辨率大视场成像。数值模拟了高斯光束与艾里光束经过物镜聚焦后的光强分布。搭建实验光路系统,在液晶空间光调制器上加载三次相位图生成艾里光束,并扫描光束生成片状光照明荧光微球、染色的斑马鱼肌肉组织进行成像实验。在艾里光束光片显微镜成像结果基础上,建立去卷积算法进行图像恢复,克服了艾里光束光片显微镜成像范围大但轴向分辨率不高的问题,对荧光微球成像,探测放大倍率为42倍,FOV从高斯光束光片显微镜的25μm扩大到208μm;对染色的斑马鱼肌肉组织进行成像,探测放大倍率为53倍,FOV由20μm扩大到167μm。仿真和实验表明,通过艾里光束光片显微镜与去卷积算法的结合可以在扩展光片显微镜成像视场的同时提高轴向分辨率。     

基于振幅分束调制的相位恢复成像技术

提出一种分束调制技术来实现高精度单次曝光相位恢复成像,将待测光束用二维光栅分成一组彼此相同的衍射光束簇,并同时入射到一个结构已知的调制板上,当调制板为弱衍射物体时,在探测器上形成一组彼此相分开的衍射斑阵列。联合这些衍射光斑和弱衍射物体的透射函数,可通过一次曝光迭代计算出待测量光束的强度和相位信息,同时具有Gergberg-Saxton算法等单次曝光方法的成像速度快和相干叠层衍射成像算法等扫描成像技术的高信噪比和高精度等优点,对X射线成像和高功率激光光束在线监测等领域有重要的实用价值。     

幂指数相位涡旋光束用于微粒操控

实验验证了一种利用幂指数相位涡旋光束(PEPV)操控微粒的方法。该方法基于幂指数相位涡旋光束理论,产生不同拓扑荷数与方位角幂指数大于1的涡旋光场的相位全息图,并将该全息片经计算机输入到空间光调制器(SLM)上用于调制入射激光光束。利用透镜对被调制光束进行傅里叶变换,利用光阑在频域对衍射光斑进行筛选和过滤,并利用倒置高倍光学显微镜将光束成像于载物台样品上。利用该幂指数相位涡旋光束对微米级粒子实现了定向光学输运。研究结果表明,该光束在粒子的定向输送与收集方面有独特的功能,将进一步拓展光学涡旋光束的实际应用范围。     

基于液晶空间光调制器的激光束整形

采用相位混合算法(PMA)与平滑修正法相结合的混合算法,对激光发出的高斯光束进行整形,得到了均方误差和顶部不均匀度均明显降低的等光强分布。利用液晶空间光调制器(LCSLM)的相位调制特性,实现了对高斯光束的光束整形,获得了光强均匀分布的圆光束和矩形光束输出。得到的输出光束顶部不均匀度和均方误差都低于5%,能量集中度在90%以上。表明此方法是一种实时、可控和高效的激光束整形方法。     

基于空间光调制器的光束大角度扫描技术研究

为实现一束激光在90°锥形范围内的扫描，利用液晶空间光调制器在光束偏转控制时精度高、无机械惯性等优点，研究并建立了基于液晶空间光调制器的光束偏转和角放大光路系统。提出了空间光调制器的可编程相位调制算法和角放大光路结构，推导了空间光调制器光束偏转角度与相位灰度驱动图的关系，设计了角度放大倍率高于22倍的角放大光路系统。在此基础上，建立了光束扫描控制实验系统，对该装置角度出射范围进行了测量，将实际的角放大倍率与设计值进行对比。实验结果表明:研制系统的出射视场角可达91.22°，并可通过畸变校正实现出射视场角范围内的规则形状扫描。该研究在光束敏捷控制、无线激光通信、目标搜索与追踪等领域具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。     

基于螺旋相位调制的非相干全息点扩散函数研究

分析了菲涅耳非相干相关全息(Fresnel incoherent correlation holography,FINCH)系统中纯相位空间光调制器(spatial light modulator,SLM)加载螺旋相位掩模时的点扩散函数.以氙灯为照明光源搭建了FINCH系统,电荷耦合器记录的点源全息图与点扩散函数模拟结果一致.采用该系统分别在SLM上加载双透镜掩模和螺旋相位调制双透镜掩模两种情况下对分辨率板和非染色洋葱细胞成像,给出了成像对比结果.结果表明:采用螺旋相位调制的FINCH系统可以在几乎不牺牲分辨率的情况下提高图像的边缘对比度;同样,对相位物体也可以实现图像的边缘提取和识别.该方法在实时监测活细胞的分裂、形变等方面具有重要应用前景.     

全光控制产生任意矢量光束

提出通过调制光场的所有空间分布参数产生任意矢量光束的方法,即用两个反射型纯相位液晶空间光调制器可以对光的相位、振幅和偏振(包括偏振旋转和椭偏度)等参量进行全光调制或全光控制。在理论上给出了全光控制的琼斯矩阵方程,再计算要加载在空间调制器上的灰度图,从而产生目标矢量光场。实验上,通过调制两个或三个光场的空间分布参数产生了不同的矢量光场图样,从而验证了全光控制产生矢量光场方法的可行性。     

非相干照明条件下的ptychographic iterative engine成像技术

在传统多波长相干衍射成像理论的基础上提出适用于 X-射线和电子束等非相干光源照明成像的改进多波长ptychographic iterative engine 方法, 同时将小孔形状和照明光谱信息用于叠代计算, 可以在非相干照明条件下精确重建出物体的强度透射像和相位透射像, 并对光源带宽对重建精度的影响进行了分析, 对于解决如何在非相干照明条件下对大尺寸物体进行精确相位成像的问题具有较好的科研和实用价值.     

Attack on Optical Double Random Phase Encryption Based on the Principle of Ptychographical Imaging

The principle of ptychograpby is applied in known plain text attack on the double random phase encoding(DRPE)system.We find that with severai pairs of plain texts and cipher texts,the model of attack on DRPE can be converted to the model of ptychographical imaging.Owing to the inherent merits of the ptychographical imaging,the DRPE system can be breached totally in a fast and neariy perfect way,which is unavailable for currently existing attack methods.Further,since the decryption keys can be seen as an object to be imaged from the perspective of imaging,the ptychographical technique may be a kind of new direction to further analysis of the security of other encryption systems based on double random keys.     

一种用于衍射光元件优化设计的快速算法的研究

讨论了傅里叶迭代算法对初始相位敏感的缺陷机理,提出用伪随机相位编码作为傅里叶迭代算法初始值的改进算法来克服相位敏感缺陷。改进算法具有加快迭代收敛速度、提高恢复图像强度准确性的优点。将该算法产生的任意期望图样的相位全息图写入纯相位液晶空间光调制器上,在远场成功地再现了期望图样。算法迭代10次可产生衍射效率接近85%的一幅相位全息图。作为一种快速相位恢复算法它在相控阵激光雷达以及光束敏捷偏转等领域有重要意义。     

Common-path phase-shifting lensless holographic microscopy

We present an approach capable of high-NA imaging in a lensless digital in-line holographic microscopy layout even outside the Gabor's regime. The method is based on spatial multiplexing at the sample plane, allowing a common-path interferometric architecture, where two interferometric beams are generated by a spatial light modulator (SLM) prior to illuminating the sample. The SLM allows phase-shifting interferometry by phase modulation of the SLM diffracted beam. After proper digital processing, the complex amplitude distribution of the diffracted object wavefront is recovered and numerically propagated to image the sample. Experimental results are reported that validate the proposed method.     

A general phase retrieval algorithm based on a ptychographical iterative engine for coherent diffractive imaging

Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a lensless imaging technique and can achieve a resolution beyond the Rayleigh or Abbe limit. The ptychographical iterative engine (PIE) is a CDI phase retrieval algorithm that uses multiple diffraction patterns obtained through the scan of a localized illumination on the specimen, which has been demonstrated successfully at optical and X-ray wavelengths. In this paper, a general PIE algorithm (gPIE) is presented and demonstrated with an He-Ne laser light diffraction dataset. This algorithm not only permits the removal of the accurate model of the illumination function in PIE, but also provides improved convergence speed and retrieval quality.     

A general phase retrieval algorithm based on ptychographicaliterative engine for coherent diffractive imaging

Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a lensless imaging technique and can achieve a resolution beyond the Rayleigh or Abbe limit. The ptychographical iterative engine (PIE) is a CDI phase retrieval algorithm that uses multiple diffraction patterns obtained through the scan of a localized illumination on the specimen, which has been demonstrated successfully at optical and X-ray wavelengths. In this paper, a general PIE algorithm (gPIE) is presented and demonstrated with an He-Ne laser light diffraction dataset. This algorithm not only permits the removal of the accurate model of the illumination function in PIE, but also provides improved convergence speed and retrieval quality.     

Speckle noise reduction in digital holography with spatial light modulator and nonlocal means algorithm

An integrated method based on optical and digital image processing is presented to suppress speckle in digital holography. A spatial light modulator is adopted to introduce random phases to the illuminating beam. Multiple holograms are reconstructed and superimposed, and the intensity is averaged to smooth the noise. The adaptive algorithm based on the nonlocal means is designed to further suppress the speckle. The presented method is compared with other methods reduction is improved, and the proposed method is effective The experimental results show that speckle and feasible.     

基于叠层衍射的数字水印算法研究

基于叠层衍射成像原理提出了一种新的衍射数字水印算法:叠层水印. 通过双随机相位编码和探针, 实现对水印图像的分块加密, 密文经过衰减处理, 加载在振幅型宿主图像的空域上, 伪探针记录下宿主图像, 并加载到传输图像的相位上. 模拟实验结果表明: 首先, 叠层水印可以很好地提取水印图像的振幅、相位信息. 其次, 叠层水印可以解决水印不可感知性与密文信息提取质量之间的矛盾. 最后, 通过鲁棒性研究验证了: 叠层水印具有很好的抗噪声和抗剪切能力, 并且可以通过增加探针的数目和交叠率进一步提高其鲁棒性, 并给出其在GIF图像上的应用.     

Phase‐merging enhanced harmonic generation free‐electron laser with a normal modulator

A phase‐merging enhanced harmonic generation free‐electron laser (FEL) was proposed to increase the harmonic conversion efficiency of seeded FELs and promote the radiation wavelength towards the X‐ray spectral region. However, this requires a specially designed transverse gradient undulator (TGU) as the modulator to couple the transverse and longitudinal phase space of the electron beam. In this paper, the generation of the phase‐merging effect is explored using the natural field gradient of a normal planar undulator. In this method, a vertical dispersion on the electron beam is introduced and then the dispersed beam travels through a normal modulator in a vertical off‐axis orbit where the vertical field gradient is selected properly in terms of the vertical dispersion strength and modulation amplitude. The phase‐merging effect will be generated after passing through the dispersive chicane. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations for a seeded soft X‐ray FEL based on parameters of the Shanghai Soft X‐ray FEL project are presented. Compared with a TGU modulator, using the natural gradient of a normal planar modulator has the distinct advantage that the gradient can be conveniently tuned in quite a large range by adjusting the beam orbit offset.