核素心室造影评价不同部位心肌梗死患者的左室整体和局部功能

目的应用放射性核素心室造影技术对不同部位的左室心肌梗死（MI）患者进行左室整体和局部收缩和舒张功能参数的对比分析。方法选择对照组15例、下壁MI组24例、前壁MI组29例,利用放射性核素心室造影技术评价3组的左室整体和局部的收缩与舒张功能参数。结果①左室整体收缩功能,在左室射血分数和峰射血率二个参数中,下壁MI组与对照组相比有显著下降（P<0.05）,前壁MI组与对照组和下壁MI组相比,分别有显著下降（P<0.05）。②左室整体舒张功能,在峰充盈率和前1/3充盈分数二个参数中,前壁MI组与对照组和下壁MI组相比分别有显著下降（P<0.05）。③左室局部收缩功能,在以左室局部射血分数为参数时,下壁MI组在4个节段与对照组相比有显著下降（P<0.05）,前壁MI组在4个节段与对照组相比有显著下降（P<0.05）,前壁MI组在2个节段比下壁MI组有显著下降（P<0.05）。④左室局部舒张功能,在以LVR1/3FF为参数时,下壁MI组和前壁MI组分别与对照组相比在4个节段上有显著下降（P<0.05）,前壁MI组在2个节段上比下壁MI组有显著下降（P<0.05）。结论前壁MI对左室整体和局部收缩与舒张功能的损害重于下壁MI。     

实时三维超声对心肌梗死患者左室收缩同步性和收缩功能的分析

目的:应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价陈旧性心肌梗死患者左室收缩同步性与收缩功能,并探讨左室收缩同步性与收缩功能的关系.方法:研究对象分为2组:正常组20例,陈旧性心肌梗死组30例,其中陈旧性前壁心肌梗死14例,均行实时三维超声心动图检查,通过脱机软件分析整体及节段容积-时间曲线,获取左室整体及节段收缩功能参数、左室收缩同步性参数,并将左室心肌分为基底段、中间段、心尖段3个水平节段进行分析.结果:心肌梗死组左室收缩末期容积(ESV)、左室舒张末期容积(EDV)显著大于正常组(P＜0.01),左室射血分数(LVEF)显著小于正常组(P＜0.001).心肌梗死组左室16节段收缩同步性参数显著大于正常组(P＜0.001),且均与LVEF呈负相关,其中Tmsv-16-SD与LVEF的相关系数r=-0.644,P＜0.01.与正常组相比,前壁心肌梗死组3个水平节段的Tmsv-sel-SD、Tmsv-sel-Dif增大(P＜0.05),REF明显减小(P＜0.05),其中心尖段Tmsv-sel-SD、Tmsv-sel-Dif与心尖段REF呈负相关(r=-0.656,-0.687,P＜0.05).结论:RT-3DE能定量评价心肌梗死患者左室收缩同步性及收缩功能,左室不同步运动可影响左室收缩功能,前壁心肌梗死患者心尖段心肌的不同步运动与其节段收缩功能减低密切相关.     

前壁心肌梗塞室壁瘤形成的核素心室造影

应用核素心室造影法对前壁心肌梗塞后室壁瘤的形成作左室功能测定。参数包括左室整体和局部的收缩与舒张功能。患者分为对照组（Ｇ０）、单纯前壁心肌梗塞组（Ｇ１）、前壁心肌梗塞有室壁瘤形成组（Ｇ２）。结果显示，Ｇ２组患者比Ｇ１组患者左室整体收缩和舒张功能均明显降低。另外，Ｇ２组的左室局部收缩和舒张功能在多个节段上受损均比Ｇ１组严重。     

肢体枪弹伤致心脏间接损伤后心功能改变的超声研究

目的 :应用超声技术阐明肢体枪弹伤致心脏间接损伤后的心功能改变。方法 :2 3只猪随机分为致伤组 18只 ,对照组 5只 ,采用高速弹射击致伤组后肢。致伤组致伤前后均接受传统超声心动图的整体心功能检测及多普勒组织成像的局部心功能检测 ,并且伤后均作心脏病理检查 ,以心肌出现组织学改变为心脏间接损伤发生标准 ,致伤组有 10只发生损伤 （列为效应组 ） ,另外 8只无损伤发生 （列为非效应组 ）。结果 :非效应组致伤前后左室整体或局部舒张及收缩功能均无差异 （P>0 .0 5 ）。效应组致伤前后左室整体或局部收缩功能无变化 （P>0 .0 5 ） ,而伤后局部舒张功能降低 （P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 ）。效应组致伤前后整体舒张功能也无变化 （P>0 .0 5 ） ,但逐例分析伤后效应组有 4例整体舒张功能降低 ,平均每例舒张功能受累的心肌节段数目为 6个 ,而效应组中另外 6例整体舒张功能正常者每例仅累及 2 .1个心肌节段。结论 :1应用传统超声心动图并结合多普勒组织成像可以全面、客观评价枪弹伤后心功能改变。 2肢体枪弹伤致心脏损伤后 ,首先出现舒张功能 （整体或局部 ）下降 ,而收缩功能可仍属正常。 3整体舒张功能的降低可能与舒张功能低下的心肌节段数目有关。而当整体舒张功能正常时 ,也可能已存在有局部舒张功能的降低     

超声心动图评价PTCA手术前后左心功能变化

目的 :评价经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 （PTCA）术后的左心功能变化。方法 :用二维彩色多普勒超声心动图对5 8例行 PTCA的冠心病患者 PTCA手术前后的心功能进行检测。结果 :PTCA92例次 （管腔狭窄由 86 %± 14%降至 13%± 2 1%） ,术前心脏 B超提示 ,冠心病患者存在狭窄或梗塞相关的室壁节段运动异常 ,左室收缩、舒张功能明显下降。PTCA手术后 2～ 4周 ,左室收缩功能明显改善 ,EF值比术前明显增高 （P<0 .0 1） ,节段性室壁运动异常率降低 ,左室舒张功能指标较比术前明显改善。结论 :PTCA术后 2～ 4周 ,左室心脏功能明显改善 ,B超可作为评价手术疗效的指标。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的 :评价心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者经皮冠状动脉介入 （PCI）治疗对左心收缩功能和左心室重构的影响。方法 :急性心肌梗死 （AMI）患者 30例 ,陈旧性心肌梗死 （OMI） 2 2例 ,经 PTCA、支架术治疗 ,术后随访 3个月 ,超声心动图测定左室舒张末内径 （L VEd）、左心房内径 （L Ad）、左室舒张末容积 （L VEDV）、左室收缩末容积（L VESV）、左室射血分数 （L VEF）和左室短轴缩短率 （L VFS） ,比较治疗前后各参数的变化。结果 :PCI治疗后L VEd、L Ad、L VEDV、L VESV显著减少 （P<0 .0 1）、L VEF和 L VFS显著增高 （P<0 .0 1） ,尤以 AMI组明显 ,并且冠状动脉血运重建的时间越早 ,心功能恢复越好。结论 :心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者尽早 PCI治疗可明显改善左心室收缩功能 ,可部份阻抑左心室重构。     

用多普勒组织显像速度模式评价左心室收缩及舒张功能

目的 :初步评价多普勒组织显像 （DTI）检查左心室收缩和舒张功能的临床应用价值。方法 :用 DTI速度模式检测了正常健康组 114例和左室收缩功能降低 （左室缩短率 FS<2 5 % ）组 40例二尖瓣后叶瓣环位及左室后壁心肌的运动速度。结果 :各参数在正常男女间无显著差异 ,心功能降低组较正常组明显降低 （P<0 .0 1） ;正常组左室后壁心肌收缩速度与 FS间呈正相关 （r=0 .38）。结论 :用 DTI的速度模式检测局部室壁运动速度是评价心室收缩和舒张功能的一种较简便、直观、全面、准确的新方法     

组织多普勒显像技术检测缺血心肌的局部舒张功能

目的 :评价组织多普勒显像 （TDI）技术检测缺血心肌局部舒张功能的价值。方法 :应用超声心动图分别记录心肌缺血组 （2 8例 ）和对照组 （30例 ）舒张期二尖瓣血流频谱 （TMF）及左室基底部、中部和心尖部 3个水平面 15节段心肌 TDI。结果 :两组间左室射血分数相近 （6 2 %± 9% vs 6 6 %± 8% ,P>0 .0 5 ）。心肌缺血组与对照组比较 ,TMF舒张早期减速度时间 （2 82± 17m s vs 2 0 1± 11m s,P<0 .0 5 ）和等容舒张时间 （92± 18ms vs 6 1± 10 m s,P<0 .0 1）延长 ;E/A比值增加 （0 .6 7± 0 .2 vs 1.6± 0 .5 ,P<0 .0 1）。对照组 TDI示左室基底部与中部心肌舒张早期舒张速度 （Em ）高于心尖部 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,缺血节段 Em降低 ,局部早期舒张减速度时间和等容舒张时间延长。结论 :TDI可无创检测左室局部舒张功能。     

小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图评价急性心肌梗死存活心肌的研究

目的　探讨梗死相关血管重建后存活心肌的功能恢复与左室重塑进程和左室功能恢复的关系。方法　将心肌梗死区异常室壁运动节段中存活心肌的节段数做为量化存活心肌的指标。筛选 4 8例初次急性心肌梗死患者 ,心肌梗死后 (2 0± 12 )天成功的接受梗死相关血管的介入治疗术 ,术前 1～ 3天接受静息超声心动图和小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图检查 ,术后 (5 4± 1 6 )个月复查静息超声心动图。依小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图负荷试验检测出的梗死相关的异常室壁节段中存活心肌的节段数 ,将 4 8例患者分为 :Ⅰ组 ,大量存活心肌 (存活心肌节段≥ 6段 ) 11例 ,Ⅱ组 ,少量存活心肌 (2段≤存活心肌节段≤ 5段 ) 2 9例 ,Ⅲ组 ,无存活心肌 (存活心肌节段 <2段 ) 8例。分别测定术前和术后静息状态下的左室舒张末容积、左室收缩末容积、左室射血分数和左室室壁节段运动积分指数。结果　重建血管术后 (5 4± 1 6 )个月随访发现梗死相关动脉血管重建后 ,梗死相关血管的异常室壁运动有不同程度的改善 ,Ⅰ组的左室收缩末容量由 (6 3± 8)ml降至 (4 7± 10 )ml(P <0 0 1) ;室壁运动积分指数由 1 4± 0 2降至 1 1± 0 1(P <0 0 1) ,左室射血分数由 (4 6± 9) %增至 (5 7± 10 ) % (P<0 0 1)。Ⅱ组的左室收缩末容量 (7     

急性心肌梗死患者入院时Killip分级与预后的关系

分析 413例急性心肌梗死患者入院时 Killip分级与临床预后的关系。结果 :Killip 级组和 Killip 级以上组性别及既往史无差异。但 Killip 级以上组较 级组年龄大 （6 7± 12 vs 6 0± 10 ）、血清肌酸磷酸激酶 （CK）峰值高（34 6 9± 175 7vs 196 6± 1795 ,P<0 .0 1）、左室舒张未期容积大 （185± 16 vs 12 5± 47,P<0 .0 1） ,住院病死率高（4 7.9% vs 11.2 % ,P<0 .0 1）。多元 L ogistic回归分析发现 Killip分级与住院病死率 （回归系数为 2 .34 ,OR值 5 .43,P<0 .0 1）和左室舒张末期容积 （回归系数为 0 .6 75 ,OR值 4.5 1,P<0 .0 5 ）相关 ,但与年龄、CK峰值相关不明显。结论 :急性心肌梗死入院时 Killip分级为住院病死率及左室扩张的独立相关因子。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.