基于模具经验性知识的本体编辑器系统设计与实现

针对模具经验性知识密集、复杂多样化的特点,以及满足模具企业知识获取与重用、共享和积累的需求,迫切需要建立专用的本体编辑器系统对模具经验性知识进行有效地分析、整理归档、运用和创新.在建立模具经验性知识本体模型基础上,设计并开发基于模具经验性知识的本体编辑器系统,实现了模具经验性知识的应用本体的建立,储存和查询功能.建立“...     

Ontology-based semantic models for supply chain management

The efficiencies of supply chain management (SCM) are often impaired by inconsistent exchange and sharing of knowledge semantics among supply chain partners. To address this problem with semantic integration, this paper presents an approach to developing ontologies of supply chain management (Onto-SCM) as a common semantic model of the SCM domain. The Onto-SCM semantic model is constructed in a modular way in order to enhance its reusability and maintainability. The IDEF5 schematic language is employed to provide the graphical representation of Onto-SCM for intuitive communication between domain experts and users. Furthermore, Ontolingua is adopted to define formal semantics of Onto-SCM for effective knowledge interoperability. In addition, a case study of a printer supply chain is illustrated to demonstrate the proposed approach to semantic integration for SCM. Finally, a prototype is developed to support visualized knowledge modeling of the case system using the IDEF5 schematic language and to implement consistent knowledge transformation among heterogeneous applications in the supply chain.     

Manufacturing challenges in obtaining tailor-made closed-cell structures in metallic foams

Life cycle engineering design (LCED) is the key and comprehensive technology to realize manufacturing industries’ sustainable development. Its main objective is to support design teams to create products considering the entire product life-cycle from conception through manufacturing and assembly to disassembly, recycling, disposal, and lifecycle assessment. So LCED should be collaboratively implemented among the different departments. This paper puts forward knowledge management architecture of LCED based ontologies and multi-agent system. The definition of the domain-specific ontology, the multi-agent architecture are described. Based on the two concepts, this paper discusses the detailed construction of CAD agents, LCED evaluation agents and knowledge maintenance agents and the system implementation. It can fulfill the concurrent collaborative developing of a product under distributed environments and also meet the requirement of knowledge sharing, interoperability, reusing among the whole lifecycle of product.     

基于Petri网的制造资源调度工作流模型研究

制造资源调度涉及分布、离散、并发等数据和应用的共享,基于工作流活动和扩展的Petri网研究能适用于制造资源调度的工作流模型。在该模型中,为了表示伙伴企业间复杂的协作过程,在传统Petri网的基础上扩展了着色Petri网和赋时Petri网;为了建立制造资源公共数据中心,利用代理技术集成制造资源和封装原有系统;同时,为了表示制造资源调度过程,利用扩展Petri网配置资源,并建立了基于Petri网的工作流模型进行过程仿真。最后,通过基于可扩展标记语言的工作流过程定义,在公用对象请求调度程序体系结构框架下,以Java和动态服务网页等开发工具构建制造资源调度原型系统。该模型的研究和应用能提高联盟企业在异地协作环境下共享资源的效率,为企业间的协作提供可行的方法和理论。     

社会网络分析促进组织结构及其知识流优化

目前的知识流规划方法中由于缺乏考虑主体间合作意愿,降低了知识流动效率.对此,分析了主体间的知识共享关系,研究了主体间知识共享的合作意愿度.以社会网络分析技术为基础,提出了工作流规划中对知识流进行优化的方法.在满足资源约束的前提下,根据任务角色在工作流预期的知识流网络中的网络特征,优化角色指派,以提高工作流节点的知识流动效率.     

基于TRIZ和领域本体的计算机辅助创新设计平台框架

分析了企业技术创新的需求,指出指导技术创新的理论和方法学体系,工程技术领域的创新知识,以及渴望创新、具有创新思维能力的个体和组织,是企业实现技术创新必不可少的三要素。回顾了发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)的发展历程和趋势,提出TRIZ与描述工程领域知识的领域本体的集成是计算机辅助创新理论发展的新方向,以及基于这一集成的计算机辅助创新设计平台的功能框架,包括系统分析和问题定义、系统进化预测、问题求解、方案评价、专利生成和创新知识管理等部分,为企业的技术创新活动提供有力的支持。     

协同企业产品生命周期管理系统信息的检索

由于不同的产品生命周期管理(PLM)系统在产品描述上存在着许多语义差异,限制了协同企业的产品信息共享.采用人工的信息检索方法工作量很大,而基于语义转换规则和结构匹配的自动检索技术又过于复杂,难以在实际PLM系统中运用.利用Bayes网在处理语义模糊匹配问题上的优势,将其与本体技术结合,提出了扩展的Bayes网检索模型,能高效并较准确地获取协同企业PLM系统中的目标对象.     

A decision support system for rapid one-of-a-kind product development

A decision support system (DSS) is a specific class of computerized information systems that support decision-making activities. Such a system has become paramount in supporting manufacturing activities with the development of World Wide Web (WWW) technology in recent years. The research and development of a knowledge-based DSS dedicated to rapid one-of-a-kind products (OKPs), however, has, to the author’s knowledge, rarely been directly studied. This work presents a knowledge-based DSS for supporting decision-making activities in developing OKPs using broad knowledge base content. The underlying architecture of the proposed system is a system that manages and optimizes the data, information and knowledge in the product development process. A knowledge structure model is proposed in this paper, and a comprehensive set of expert knowledge and analytical/numerical methods are integrated into the system to automate intelligent decision-making. Case studies have shown that the knowledge-based DSS is able to help OKP companies develop new products more quickly by sharing optimization tools, information and knowledge to reduce possible errors and rework.     

我国企业在实施CIMS中关于组织机构的实证研究

组织机构改革是ＣＩＭＳ在我国企业成功实施的重要条件。本文从ＣＩＭＳ的技术和哲理层次上分析了ＣＩＭＳ企业组织机构改革的原因。然后根据对我国十几家ＣＩＭＳ企业的实例调查，重点分析总结了我国ＣＩＭＳ企业近十年来组织机构改革的四大方面：建立以产品或过程为导向的组织机构；调整企业组织机构各部分的构成；企业组织机构纵向的扁平化和横向的合并精简；建立新的信息中心组织和各种类型跨部门团队，以实现全企业的信息共享和各部门之间的信息沟通。同时，还对以上组织机构改革中存在的有关问题进行了分析探讨。     

基于Java的CAD资源共享和标准件参数化系统的设计与实现

在分析现代制造企业对CAD资源共享系统的需求以及现有技术的基础上,详细讨论了基于Java的CAD资源共享和准件参数化系统的技术路线和总体框架,并对系统实现的关键技术进行了分析。本研究所实现的系统是解决企业中资源共享的一种有效方法,其研究成果对推广企业间的资源共享具有一定的理论意义和较高的实用价值。     

基于共享零部件的快速设计方法

随着汽车制造生产模式逐步由大批量生产到大批量定制模式转变的深入,汽车生产企业对装备制造业提出了更苛刻的要求.为缩短设计周期、降低制造成本,标准化是汽车装备制造业的必然选择.分析了汽车制造装备的产品特点,提出了基于共享零部件的快速设计方法,重新定义了工作流程,并对共享零部件界定、系列化、编码方法、存储和重用等关键技术提出了有效的解决方案.     

企业协同交互建模系统研究

随着网络技术与网络应用的迅速发展,企业生产经营也走向了网络化。企业由“大而全”、“小而全”模式走向了企业间的合作,出现了企业间的动态联盟与虚拟企业。     

Research on collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resource

Conceptual design is an early stage of the whole product development process, which involves the generation of solutions to satisfy the design requirements. It is a crucial issue on how to find proper principle solutions from enormous, isomeric, and even distributed knowledge resources repositories and then ally with these correlative distributed knowledge resources providers to collaborative conceptual design. Design is a task-solving process using corresponding resource, so it does not always have an agency in product design. This paper proposes a model of collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resources, which is centered on design tasks and based on dynamic knowledge alliance without agency. After a model of knowledge resource unit and a model of Web services based on knowledge resource are proposed, a virtual quantitative and qualitative knowledge resource representation based on knowledge grid is then put forward. The mixed knowledge resource repository is also proposed to support collaborative conceptual design. The strategies of knowledge register, publish, storage, reorganization, orientation, and problem solving based on mixed knowledge resource repository are then discussed in detail. The data exchange mode of principle solutions is then described. The selection strategy of dynamic knowledge alliance members is established. The framework of distributed knowledge resource is also put forward to support collaborative conceptual design. The process of collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resource is then proposed. The conceptual design of new devices for decreasing resistance of amphibious vehicles is given as an example, which demonstrates that the methodology is obviously helpful to produce valuable principle solutions with distributed knowledge for product innovation.     

Web Service在供应链信息共享中的应用

由于企业间信息孤岛的存在,阻碍了供应链上各企业间信息的交互,使供应链信息共享难以实现。在介绍了webService的定义及其工作原理之后,提出了一个基于WebService的供应链信息共享模型。该模型克服了传统解决方案的不足,屏蔽了不同平台之间的差异性,大大提高了供应链上异构企业信息的交互性。     

Product lifecycle data sharing and visualisation: Web-based approaches

Both product design and manufacturing are intrinsically collaborative processes. From conception and design to project completion and ongoing maintenance, all points in the lifecycle of any product involve the work of fluctuating teams of designers, suppliers and customers. That is why companies are involved in the creation of a distributed design and a manufacturing environment which could provide an effective way to communicate and share information throughout the entire enterprise and the supply chain. At present, the technologies that support such a strategy are based on World Wide Web platforms and follow two different paths. The first one focuses on 2D documentation improvement and introduces 3D interactive information in order to add knowledge to drawings. The second one works directly on 3D models and tries to extend the life of 3D data moving these design information downstream through the entire product lifecycle. Unfortunately the actual lack of a unique 3D Web-based standard has stimulated the growing up of many different proprietary and open source standards and, as a consequence, a production of an incompatible information exchange over the WEB. This paper proposes a structured analysis of Web-based solutions, trying to identify the most critical aspects to promote a unique 3D digital standard model capable of sharing product and manufacturing data more effectively—regardless of geographic boundaries, data structures, processes or computing environment.     

A feature-based approach towards an integrated product model in intelligent design

Conceptual design is an early stage in the product design process, which has an essential effect on the product innovation. Existing approaches for product knowledge engineering for conceptual design always focus on knowledge modelling and organization, etc. However, the traditional approach is lack of better comprehending representation and reuse of design knowledge in conceptual design. This paper is devoted to presenting a systematic effective integrated modelling approach of principle solutions in conceptual design to make the knowledge of functional design be transferred efficiently to the subsequent principle conceptual design and structure conceptual design process, and even detail design. With the introduction of the physical quantity model, feature-based representation model of function, effect, physical quantity, working principle and structure concept are put forward step by step, and then an integrated principle solution model is presented based on the generalized assembly model. The knowledge organization method of principle solutions based on physical quantities is also proposed. Conceptual design process based on integrated modelling and knowledge organization of principle solutions is presented, which discloses that physical quantity model is a bridge across functional design, principle conceptual design and structure conceptual design. The conceptual design of new devices for decreasing resistance of petroleum equipment offshore platform is given as an example, which demonstrates that the methodology is obviously helpful to increase opportunities for product innovation in conceptual design.     

Equipment ontology for modular reconfigurable assembly systems

Evolvable and Reconfigurable Assembly Systems (RAS) enable enterprises to rapidly respond to changes in today’s increasingly volatile and dynamic global markets. One of the key success factors for the effective use of RAS is methods and tools that can rapidly configure and reconfigure assembly systems driven by changing requirements. The focus of this paper is the development of a suitable equipment model to support the effective design of reconfigurable assembly systems. The work has been motivated by the need to provide solutions for increasing product customisation and volume changes over the product life-cycle that directly impact on the final product assembly. The paper proposes a comprehensive equipment ontology to enable effective decision-making during the design and evaluation of new RAS configurations. The proposed ontology is based on the function-behaviour-structure paradigm, and is formalised to facilitate its application in distributed web-enabled decision-making environments. The equipment configuration and reconfiguration approach and prototype decision-making environment are illustrated using system design examples.     

基于粒子群优化的开放式车间调度

开放式车间调度(OSP)是重要的调度问题,它在制造领域中的应用非常广泛。优化调度算法是调度理论的重要研究内容。基于人工智能的元启发式算法是解决该问题的常用方法。分析了一种新的元启发式算法——粒子群优化(PSO)在信息共享机制上的缺陷,提出新的基于群体智能的信息共享机制。在该信息共享机制的基础上, 设计新的基于PSO的元启发式调度算法——PSO-OSP。该算法利用问题的邻域知识指导局部搜索,可克服元启发式算法随机性引起的盲目搜索。该算法应用于开放式车间调度问题的标准测试实例。仿真结果显示,PSO-OSP算法在加快收敛速度的同时提高了开放式车间调度解的质量。