PET-CT在冠心病中应用价值的研究进展

利用PET-CT研究冠状动脉硬化性心脏病(Coronary artery disease CAD)目前罕见报道[2],单纯利用正电子发射断层显像(Positron emission tomography PET)对CAD的研究在国外已经取得了一定的进展[1],取得了一些经验,国内只有零星的报道[2],尚未开展比较系统的、规模的、符合我国实际特点的研究.多层螺旋CT(Muti-slices spiral computed tomography MSCT)刚刚应用于临床,超高速多排探测器螺旋CT是实现心脏检查的基础[3,4],利用MSCT对冠状动脉的研究在国外已经有报道,同时利用CT对钙化比较敏感的特点,国外已经开发出了基于钙化的量化评分体系和软件[5],应用于临床对CAD病人进行评价.国内对此项研究尚处于起始阶段.     

^18FDG—PET／CT对原发性肝细胞癌的诊断价值

肝细胞癌（Hepatocellular carcinoma）是常见的严重威胁健康的恶性肿瘤。利用PET—CT联合显像对肝癌的诊断研究目前尚未见到报道，单纯利用PET（Positron emission tomography）对肝癌的研究取得了一定的进展。现将我院2003年12月至2004年7月间收集明确诊断的原发性肝癌病例18例报告如下：     

原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描/CT显像诊断

<正>胃及肠道是结外淋巴瘤最常见的发病部位之一,其中以胃淋巴瘤最为常见,临床症状和常规影像学表现常难与胃肠道其他病变鉴别。以往传统影像学[CT、磁共振成像(MRI)]对胃肠道癌症和胃肠道淋巴瘤(PGL)的研究较多,氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射断层扫描(PET)/CT对该病变报道较少,本研究回顾性分析43例原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤患者的18F-FDG PET/CT显像,旨在总结18F-FDG PET/CT显像特点,     

PET/CT结合HRCT诊断孤立性肺结节的应用价值:Meta分析

目的系统评价PET/CT与HRCT相结合诊断孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN)的临床价值。方法计算机检索Pub Med、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、维普、万方、CBM和CNKI等中英文数据库,检索并筛选出有关PET/CT与HRCT相结合诊断SPN的研究。提取数据,采用Meta-Di Sc 1.4及Rev Man 5.0软件对所提取数据进行统计分析。结果最终纳入8篇文献,包括538个结节。Meta分析结果显示:与金标准相比,PET/CT、HRCT、PET/CT结合HRCT诊断SPN的敏感度分别为PET/CT 0.91(0.86-0.94)、HRCT 0.88(0.80-0.93)、PET/CT结合HRCT 0.96(0.93-0.98);特异度分别为:PET/CT 0.65(0.59-0.70)、HRCT 0.85(0.76-0.92)、PET/CT结合HRCT 0.93(0.89-0.96);诊断比值比分别为:PET/CT 23.08(13.48-39.52)、HRCT45.86(19.42-108.29)、PET/CT结合HRCT306.49(125.93-745.94);SROC曲线下的面积分别为0.8967,0.9351,0.9844。结论PET/CT结合HRCT综合分析提高了诊断SPN的敏感性、特异性及准确性,其诊断效能明显优于单独使用PET/CT或HRCT,在SPN的良恶性鉴别方面更具优势,为临床诊断提供帮助,从而避免不必要的手术。     

正电子发射型计算机断层显像联合计算机断层扫描成像诊断眼眶淋巴瘤

目的:报道用正电子发射型计算机断层显像(PET)及计算机断层扫描成像(CT)联合检查的方法,对1例眼眶淋巴瘤并全身转移的患者进行疾病的诊断及定位。设计:病例报道。方法:1例75岁老年女性患者,右上眼睑无痛性、进行性肿大6个月。采用PET/CT对眼眶进行了解剖学及功能检查。开眶手术     

与随机对照试验同时进行的以PET／CT进行肺癌术前分期的成本效益评估

PET／CT已成为非小细胞肺癌术前分期广泛使用的技术手段。有两项随机对照研究将其与常规检查手段进行对比。Fischer等报道，采用PET／CT可减少51％的无效开胸，Maziak等报道可减少51％的不正确降期诊断，从而确立了PET／CT的有效性，但尚无研究对其进行成本效益评价。     

~(11)C-胆碱与~(18)氟去氧葡萄糖PET/CT显像在肺癌诊断中的对比研究

目的:通过11C-胆碱(11C-choline)与18氟去氧葡萄糖(18FDG) PET/CT显像对肺癌的对比研究,探讨11C-胆碱PET/CT显像对肺癌的诊断价值,并对其相关性进行研究.方法:21例肺癌患者行11C-胆碱及18FDG PET/CT显像,分别分析11C-胆碱及18FDG PET/CT图像,计算标准摄取值(SUV)、瘤/非瘤(T/N)组织,对11C-胆碱及18FDG PET/CT显像参数进行统计学分析.结果:21例肺癌患者中,17例11C-胆碱及18FDG PET/CT显像表现为代谢增高(80.9%).11C-胆碱PET/CT显像中病灶SUV、T/N值明显低于18FDG PET/CT显像结果(P＜0.05);11C-胆碱PET/CT显像中病灶SUV、T/N值与18FDG PET/CT显像呈正相关关系(r=0.57和0.52,P=0.007和0.016); 11C-胆碱PET/CT显像中SUV、T/N与病灶大小呈正相关关系(r=0.99、0.45 ,P=0.008 4、0.039),18FDG PET/CT显像中SUV与病灶大小呈正相关关系(r=0.68 ,P=0.000 7),而18FDG PET/CT显像T/N与病灶大小相关,但无统计学意义.结论:11C-胆碱反映肿瘤细胞细胞膜的合成情况,在肺癌的诊断中有一定价值.     

PET/CT联合应用对胆囊癌和胆管癌分期及治疗的影响

背景与目的:①比较正电子发射断层摄影术/CT(PET/CT)与对比增强CT(ceCT)在检测胆管肿瘤和伴随的远隔及局部淋巴结转移的诊断价值;②评估PET/CT对治疗方法的影响。方法:2001年1月至2005年3月间所有因胆管恶性肿瘤接受治疗的患者均接受常规影像学检查和PET/CT检查。前瞻性收集并分析这些检查资料,并与ceCT检查结果进行比较。结果:61例胆管恶性肿瘤患者被纳入研究。所有患者的诊断均经组织学或细胞学检查证实。PET/CT发现了所有胆囊癌(n=14)。PET/CT和ceCT对发现原发的肝内(n=14)和肝外(n=33)胆管癌的准确性相当。PET/CT发现了…     

影像学研究在预测宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移中的价值

目的探讨CT、磁共振成像(MRI)和正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)在预测宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移中的价值,为宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结诊治提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析我院接受子宫切除术和双侧盆腔淋巴结切除术的74例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均行CT、MRI和PET/CT检查,对检测结果进行记录,比较其可疑阳性率和确诊率。结果148个盆腔淋巴结转移部位中,25个部位有盆腔淋巴结转移,占16.90%,右半骨盆17例(68.00%),左半骨盆8例(32.00%);CT、MRI和PET/CT对LN部位的检测所示。骨盆淋巴结转移灶CT、MRI、PET/CT阳性率分别为30例(20.27%)、10例(6.76%)和26例(17.57%);在诊断转移性骨盆淋巴结的三种影像学方法中,PET/CT的PPV和准确性价值最高(P<0.001)。在敏感性和NPV方面,CT值最高。CT的敏感性高于MRI或PET/CT。CT与MRI、PET/CT、MRI的敏感性差异均有统计学意义(P=0.011),与MRI比较差异有显着性(P=0.003)。CT与PET/CT的敏感性差异无统计学意义(P=0.924)。MRI的特异性高于CT或PET/CT。CT与MRI的特异性差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),PET/CT与MRI的特异性差异无统计学意义(P=0.076)。PET/CT与CT的特异性差异无统计学意义(P=0.146)。结论CT、MRI和PET/CT在宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移预测中各有优缺点,CT和PET/CT对盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断价值高于MRI,但CT和PET/CT的敏感性低于MRI,临床应该根据患者的具体情况选择检查方式。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.