人工阶梯 深潭改善下切河流水生栖息地及生态的作用

本文通过野外试验研究了人工阶梯深潭对下切河流水生栖息地及生态的作用，试验河段位于西南山区的吊嘎河上150m侵蚀下切严重的河段，布置15级人工阶梯，对水流 (水深、流速、水面宽、流量)、河床底质、河床微地貌和水生底栖动物物种及数量变化进行了5个月监测。试     

坝下河道水生物栖息地的生态恢复研究

河道内砂砾滩形态发挥着重要的河流生态作用,水库下游河道沉积物相对有限,砂砾积累构建砂砾滩可作为恢复河道下游生态系统的重要手段。作者进行现场生态水文数据及地貌形态分析,提出河道水生物栖息地生态恢复方法,在北方水库夏季洪峰冲击作用下,顺水流沉积,形成砂砾浅滩。通过测定水温、悬浮颗粒有机质浓度、水力梯度及基流条件下砂砾滩周边浅水宽度等特征值,分析动态构建的砂砾滩及物理塑造沙岛的生态功能属性。结果显示,该水生物栖息地修复方法通过增加夏季基流中水力梯度、潜流交换率和悬浮颗粒有机质的保留率,修复河床基质渗透性,同时延长河道浅水层湿度边界范围,结合粗沙积累效果,增加河道形态复杂性,改善潜流交换效率和悬浮颗粒有机质浓度,最终加强流域内温度的异质性,修复河流水生物栖息地的生态功能。     

河北省河道生态恢复的探讨

由于人类对河流水文状态的过度干扰，原有的自然水生态系统逐步退化。目前，河北省河道生态方面主要存在河道断流，河流生态系统受损，河道沙化成为风沙源等问题，为了恢复河道生态，必须实施跨流域调水，加强河道生态环境的综合整治和充分利用污水资源。     

浅谈河道生态治理工程

随着经济社会的快速发展,人民生活水平的不断提高,人与环境的关系更加密切,河道在保障经济生活和建设良好生态环境中的作用越来越大.开展河道生态治理工程是提高河道基本功能的根本措施,是提高水资源承载能力、改善生态环境的有效途径,是打造绿色河道的客观需要,并且支持了流域生态环境的可持续性发展.要客观回顾河道治理的历史过程,总结经验,遵从自然规律,建设人与自然相和谐的自然环境.     

清河干流生态基流计算分析

根据清河干流八棵树水文站、开原水文站1988-2009年径流量资料,选取Tennant法、90%保证率最枯月平均流量法、NGPRP法等5种水文学方法对清河干流生态基流进行了计算,通过对各水文学方法计算结果的对比分析,发现Tennant法更适合用于清河干流生态基流的计算。根据不同水平年清河干流生态基流Tennant法的计算结果,并与清河干流实际径流进行对比分析,表明随着不同水平年降雨量的减少,清河干流生态需水的满足程度逐渐减小。     

Influence of artificial ecological floating beds on river hydraulic characteristics

The artificial ecological floating bed is widely used in rivers and lakes to repair and purify polluted water. However, the water flow pattern and the water level distribution are significantly changed by the floating beds, and the influence on the water flow is different from that of aquatic plants. In this paper, based on the continuous porous media model, a moveable two-layer combination model is built to describe the floating bed. The influences of the floating beds on the water flow characteristics are studied by numerical simulations and experiments using an experimental water channel. The variations of the water level distribution are discussed under conditions of different flow velocities（ v= 0.1 m/s, 0.2 m/s, 0.30 m/s, 0.4 m/s）, floating bed coverage rates（20%, 40%, 60%） and arrangement positions away from the channel wall（ D= 0 m, 0.1 m, 0.2 m）. The results indicate that the flow velocity increases under the floating beds, and the water level rises significantly under high flow velocity conditions in the upstream region and the floating bed region. In addition, the average rising water level value（ARWLV） increases significantly with the increase of the floating bed coverage rate, and the arrangement position of floating beds in the river can also greatly influence the water level distribution under a high-flow velocity condition（v ？0.2 m /s）.     

承德市城区武烈河生态河道景观设计初探

根据承德避暑山庄的建设实践,认识到清代就注重水利建设理念,创造了以自然山水为骨干的园林景观,在水域内形成了以水生动植物生态群体为主的天然景观。结合国内外专家对城市河流建设意见,参考了吉林市的河流景观建设经验,用新理念提出承德武烈河和旱河生态建设的基本思路。     

Typology of aquatic habitats in the great ouse,a small regulated lowland river

A study of aquatic habitat types was undertaken in August 1989 on the River Great Ouse. Habitat character at 44 sites was evaluated via twelve qualitative and quantitative environmental variables. Discriminant Analysis of the environmental data revealed a weak discrimination of sites corresponding with longitudinal changes in channel width. Distinction between the habitat types in the analysis was relatively weak. Compared with unregulated European lowland rivers of similar geomorphological origin, the Great Ouse possesses little transversal habitat diversity (abandoned channels, oxbows, etc.) and the ponding effect of water retention structures in downstream sections appears to have created a slight longitudinal gradient in channel width and depth. This comparatively low habitat heterogeneity corroborates a previous report of limited recruitment in the Great Ouse by 0 + fishes of both limnophilous and rheophilous reproductive guilds, with a predominance of generalist spawners.     

蜂巢格网生态护坡在河道整治中的应用

河道整治护坡目前大多采用块石或预制混凝土块结构型式,重点解决河道受河水冲刷的边坡稳定问题,而忽视了河道生态功能;蜂巢格网护坡是一种既能确保边坡稳定,又能维护和恢复河道生态的结构型式.结合浙江省慈溪市徐家浦两侧围涂工程中的半掘浦八塘横江至九塘段河道拓宽疏浚工程蜂巢格网护坡的应用,介绍蜂巢格网设计结构型式、施工注意事项以及蜂巢格网护坡良好的结构稳定性和透水性,通过与其它传统的边坡结构型式的对比,阐述了蜂巢格网生态护坡具有维护河道生态和边坡防护的双重效果.     

顺直河道低水生态修复工程的数值模拟

目前大多河流存在着平面顺直、断面单一的问题,需要进行生态修复。该文以奥地利某顺直河道段低水生态修复工程为例,利用水流数学模型,研究修复工程的平面布局。研究结果表明:利用错口丁坝,可在低水期形成蜿蜒多样的生态环境,且丁坝间距与错口深度是决定因素;非淹没状态下,丁坝间距为2.28倍河宽、错口深度为0时效果最佳;部分淹没情况下,丁坝间距应保持2.28倍河宽,但错口深度应大于0;相对坝高较小时,错口丁坝壅水较小,对行洪没有影响。