唑螨酯在苹果和柑桔上的残留动态

本文报道了唑螨酯在苹果、柑桔及土壤中的降解动态和最终残留状况。结果表明，唑螨酯在苹果全果和桔皮中，施药后１周内降解较快，之后缓慢；在土壤中降解较慢。半衰期分别为苹果６．０天，桔皮１９．７天，土壤５１天。收获时的安全间隔期为２０～４７天。苹果全果、桔皮和桔肉中的最终残留量均有检出，但含量较低，苹果和桔肉中最高为０．０９毫克／公斤，桔皮中小于０．２毫克／公斤。     

涕灭威及其代谢物在苹果在土壤中残留量分析

本文概述了涕灭威及其代谢物在苹果和土壤中残留量的分析方法。样品以内酮提取，过氧乙酸氧化，二氯甲烷萃取，气火焰光度检测器测定。涕灭威在土壤和苹果中的最低检测浓度分别为０．００４、０．００４毫克／公斤，空白样品添加０．１－２．０毫克／公斤，涕灭威及其代谢物的平均回收率和变异系数分别为８４．７－１０９．７％及１．０－７．８％。     

腈菌唑在小麦,土壤上残留与降解的动态试验研究

本试验为腈菌唑在辽宁、江苏两地的两年残留测定，作物为小麦。分析目标为麦粉、麦杆、青植株、土壤，四种试材分析方法的添加回收率均为７５％以上。１９９３年土壤的半衰期辽宁、江苏分别为２７．２天和２３．７天，小麦青植株的半衰期辽宁、江苏分别为２．１天和２．５天；１９９４年土壤的半衰期辽宁、江苏分别为２５．８天和３６．７天，小麦青植株的半衰期辽宁、江苏分别为４．３天和３．３天。试验施药剂量为２５毫克／公斤（２．５克／亩）及５０毫克／公斤（５．０克／亩）两种，在收获期小麦麦粉及麦杆中的残留量都低于参照的允许残留量０．１毫克／公斤及２．０毫克／公斤，安全间隔期为２０天。分析结果表明腈菌唑对小麦使用安全。     

酰胺唑及其代谢物在土壤和梨中残留量分析

本文概述了酰胺唑及其代谢物在土壤和梨中残留量的分析方法，样品以丙酮提取，二氯甲烷萃取，氟罗里硅土柱净化，气谱电子捕获检测器测定。ＩＭ和ＩＢＣ－０１的最小检测量为８．１×１０＾－１１克，５．０×１０＾－１１克，在土壤和梨中的最低检测浓度分别为０．００８９、０．００６７毫克／公斤和０．００５６，０．００４２毫克／公斤。     

涕灭威及其代谢物在苹果和土壤中残留量分析

本文概述了涕灭威及其代谢物在苹果和土壤中残留量的分析方法。样品以丙酮提取，过氧乙酸氧化，二氯甲烷萃取，气谱火焰光度检测器（ＧＣ／ＦＰＤ）测定。涕灭威在土壤和苹果中的最低检测浓度分别为０００４、０００４毫克／公斤，空白样品添加０１～２０毫克／公斤，涕灭威及其代谢物的平均回收率和变异系数分别为８４７～１０９７％及１０～７８％。     

苯黄隆在小麦和土壤中的残留研究

经高效液相色谱法测定，最小检知量为１×１０￣－９克，麦面中最低检知浓度为０．０５毫克／公斤，土壤中为０．０２５毫克／公斤。麦面中回收率为７５．５～７９．８％，变异系数为３．５３～５．９４％；土壤中回收率为１０１．０～１０６．２％，变异系数为４．４３～６．１６％。     

喹禾灵在花生地中残留动态研究

本文主要研究喹禾灵在花生植株及土壤环境中的残留与降解动态，采用气相色谱法电子捕获检定器（ＥＣＤ）测定。仪器的最小检出量为１×１０￣（－１１）克，样品的最低检出浓度为０．００１毫克／千克。喹禾灵本体在花生叶、花生仁、土壤中的平均回收率分别为：８２．１～８３．３％、８２．９～８６．１％、８３．６～９２．３％，变异系数依次为２．７～８．７％、３．２～５．３％、０．８～６．２％；喹禾灵酸在花生仁和土壤中的平均回收率分别为８５．２～８８．４％、８１．７～８８．４％，变异系数依次为３．９～５．８％、６．７～７．８％。     

气相色谱法测定玉米中乙草胺残留量

本文报道了玉米中乙草胺残留量的气相色谱测定法，样品用石油醚－丙酮提取，乙腈液－液分配净化，电子捕获检测器测定。乙草胺的最小检测量为８．６×１０＾－１２克，在玉米中最低检测浓度０．００１毫克／公斤。空白样品添加０．０４－１．００毫克／公斤的平均回收率和变异系数分别为９４．５％和２．６％。     

两种杀螨剂对柑桔全爪螨室内外效应研究

作者以柑桔全爪螨为供试材料，对杀螨剂－哒螨灵和唑螨酯的室内毒力，杀螨杀卵活性，毒杀作用特点及田间效等进行研究，结果表明，哒螨灵对雌成螨和卵均具有极高的毒力（LC50分别为0．21和0．12ppm)，其相对毒力指数均居供试六种杀螨剂之首位，唑螨酯对雌成螨也具有较高的毒力（LC50为0．94ppm)，其相对毒务指数也高于苯丁锡，噻螨酮，三唑锡及克螨特，但唑螨酯对卵的毒力（LC50 20.5ppm)则低于噻螨酮，同时，哒螨灵0．75－1ppm和唑螨酯2－10ppm的杀螨活性均达90％以上，哒螨灵0．2－0．75ppm的杀卵活性也达80％以上，而唑螨酯50ppm的杀卵活性则为60．7％，二者不仅击倒作用迅速，如唑螨酯5和50ppm的击倒中时分别为19．53和7．71小时，而且持效期长，田间小区试验表明，15％哒螨灵乳油30000－4000倍和5％唑螨酯悬浮剂1000－2000倍防治柑桔全爪螨有较好效果，药后3天即可见效，药效可分别维持40天和30天。     

2－溴－2－溴甲基戊二腈的气相色谱分析

以７％聚丙二醇己二酸酯／ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＧ，ＡＷＤＭＣＳ为填充柱，以苯酚为内标物，在适宜的色谱条件下对２－溴－２－溴甲基戊二腈进行了定量分析。变异系数０．１７％；回收率９８。９０～１０１．２％。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.