水悬浮法制备玻璃纤维/聚氯乙烯树脂复合材料——悬浮液高分子粘结剂与基体相容性研究

采用DMA、DSC、SEM等手段研究了水悬浮法制备的GF（玻璃纤维）／PVC（聚氯乙烯树脂）复合材料中PVC与悬浮液高分子粘结剂的相容性，并探讨了其对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，PVC与I，Ⅲ，Ⅳ号悬浮液高分子粘结剂均具有一定的相容性，其中Ⅳ号最佳，而与Ⅱ号几乎不相容。采用Ⅳ号配制悬浮液制备的复合材料性能最好。     

MAH-g-POE及玻璃纤维对尼龙66的改性研究

采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(MAH-g-POE)及玻璃纤维(GF)对尼龙(PA)66进行共混改性,对共混材料的力学性能和微观结构进行了分析表征。结果表明:POE-g-MAH可改善PA 66/POE、PA 66/GF的界面结合,增强体系的相容性,是PA 66/POE-g-MAH/GF复合材料一种有效的界面增容剂;当PA 66/POE-g-MAH/GF配比(质量份)为65/10/25时,该复合材料的缺口冲击强度为268 J/m,拉伸强度为130 MPa。     

自润滑浇注尼龙／石墨纳米复合材料的制备与表征

本文选用电导率、导热系数高的无机材料膨胀石墨对聚酰胺6进行原位复合改性，采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠对膨胀石墨进行表面改性，提高石墨与聚合物基体的界面相互作用，改善石墨在基体中的分散状况，制备出导电性能、力学性能等综合指标优良的PA6／膨胀石墨纳米复合材料。通过对材料力学性能、电学性能及微观形态的测试与表征，研究了尼龙／膨胀石墨纳米复合材料的纳米结构以及导电、增强机理，并且对原位插层复合反应的原理在反应中的应用进行了初步的探讨。实验结果表明：添加石墨对材料的力学性能、电学性能有所提高，石墨的微孔结构有助于原位插层复合反应的进行。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

综述了插层法制备聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的原理，方法和途径，并对聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的微观结构的表征方法作了介绍。指出目前在插层制备聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究中所存在的一些问题。     

综述原位聚合法制备高性能聚乙烯基复合材料

综述了近年来国内外通过原位聚合法制备高性能聚乙烯基复合材料的研究进展,主要涉及黏土/聚乙烯复合材料、碳纳米管/聚乙烯复合材料、石墨类填料/聚乙烯复合材料等体系,重点介绍了相关材料制备时所用负载型催化剂的聚合反应规律,以及所得聚乙烯基复合材料的形貌、结构与性能,还指出了该领域未来研究面临的一些挑战。     

聚烯烃/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展,详细介绍了聚烯烃/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法及物理力学性能。这类新型纳米复合材料可以采用溶液插层、熔融插层及原位插层聚合等方法来制备,并且根据纳米粒子在基体中的分散可以分为剥离型聚烯烃纳米复合材料和插层型聚烯烃纳米复合材料。聚烯烃纳米复合材料由于分散相的纳米尺寸效应,因而在强度、耐热性、气体阻隔性、阻燃性等方面具有优异的性能。     

自润滑浇注尼龙/石墨纳米复合材料的制备与表征

本文选用电导率、导热系数高的无机材料膨胀石墨对聚酰胺6进行原位复合改性,采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠对膨胀石墨进行表面改性,提高石墨与聚合物基体的界面相互作用,改善石墨在基体中的分散状况,制备出导电性能、力学性能等综合指标优良的PA6/膨胀石墨纳米复合材料。通过对材料力学性能、电学性能及微观形态的测试与表征,研究了尼龙/膨胀石墨纳米复合材料的纳米结构以及导电、增强机理,并且对原位插层复合反应的原理在反应中的应用进行了初步的探讨。实验结果表明:添加石墨对材料的力学性能、电学性能有所提高,石墨的微孔结构有助于原位插层复合反应的进行。     

聚丙烯酰胺类纳米材料的研究进展

综述了丙烯酰胺聚合物（共聚物）纳米材料的研究进展。前言中指出了油气钻采领域应用这类材料的前景。扼要介绍了通过反相乳液聚合制备的丙烯酰胺聚合物纳米微粒。重点介绍了丙烯酰胺聚合物／黏土纳米复合材料制备原理，包括蒙脱土晶体的层状结构、有机化处理的蒙脱土和插层方法及近期合成的多种这类纳米复合材料如纳米复合材料型水凝胶、插层型纳米复合材料、剥离型纳米复合材料等。最后介绍了专为油气钻采研发的3种纳米材料：乙酸铬交联聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土纳米复合材料型水凝胶，可用于油田堵水调剖；具有核-壳结构的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土纳米微粒，可用作钻井液处理剂；有机／无机纳米复合材料型凝胶，可用作钻井堵漏剂。图2参30。     

填料对食品接触类聚丙烯复合材料结构与性能的影响

通过熔融共混法将硅灰石、晶须、滑石粉等填料引入聚丙烯（PP）/乙烯-辛烯共聚物/线型低密度聚乙烯中,制备了PP复合材料,并采用DSC,SEM,DMA等方法研究了填料对PP复合材料结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,无机填料的引入改善了PP复合材料的结晶性能。与硅灰石和晶须相比,滑石粉可有效促进层间分子链段的规整排列,在基体中形成相对完善的填料网络,提高PP复合材料的储能模量,使其拉伸强度和弯曲强度较未改性PP分别提高了55.6%和86.9%,且高添加量下冲击强度未发生明显降低,小分子析出物降至1.49%(w),满足食品接触材料的使用要求。     

蒙脱土插层PTT的结晶和热稳定性研究

研究了熔融插层法制备聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结晶和热性能。结果表明，由于蒙脱土的层状结构，对有机小分子有阻隔作用，当蒙脱土插层PTT热分解时，产生的小分子副产物只能绕过蒙脱土片层，这就减缓了分解产物的释放速率，改善了材料的热稳定性。此外，由于蒙脱土的成核剂作用，能够提高PTT复合材料的结晶速率。     

反应挤出制备尼龙66/弹性体/玻璃纤维三元复合材料

采用反应挤出技术制备了尼龙66/弹性体/玻璃纤维三元复合材料。对三元复合材料的冲击强度、熔体流动速率、吸水率等性能进行了测试,并对其微观形貌作了表征。结果表明:在加工过程中,弹性体发生了接枝反应,生成了马来酸酐(MAH)-g-弹性体反应型增容剂,该增容剂进一步与尼龙66和玻璃纤维发生化学反应,强化了三元复合材料的界面作用。当弹性体乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(POE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)或乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)的加入量为15份(质量)时,相应三元复合材料的缺口冲击强度分别为尼龙66的5.8,6.7,4.7倍;拉伸强度分别为109.32,99.30,85.46 MPa。     

Fabrication of Macro-porous β-zeolite by Using Colloidal Polystyrene Spheres as a Template

A β-zeolite/polystyrene composite material was synthesized by co-deposition of mono-disperse polystyrene spheres and nano β-zeolite particles in aqueous suspension on a vertical substrate. Macro-porous β-zeolite was obtained after the polystyrene template was removed by calcination. The micro/macro-pore structure of the prepared β-zeolite was highly ordered. In comparison with other assembly methods, the co-deposition method could obtain a highly ordered macro-porous material with relatively large zeolite filling particles, and therefore the co-deposition of particles with different size is a promising method for the fabrication of macro-porous materials.     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

The Use of Amines in the Stabilization of Acidic Hydrocarbons in Water Emulsions

The effect of amines in the aqueous phase, on the interfacial behavior of acidic crude oils/water systems was investigated. The results show over a wide range of concentrations, that water soluble aliphatic amines with less than four carbon atoms per molecule, promote an abrupt decrease in the interfacial tension of such systems, from 20 dynes/cm, to approximately 0.5 dynes/cm. When sodium chloride was incorporated into the aqueous phase, interfacial tension values lower than 10^-2 dynes/cm were obtained and spontaneous emulsification detected. At any sodium chloride concentration, the interfacial tension decreased with the temperature. In heavy hydrocarbon in water emulsions prepared with a constant amine concentration, a decrease in the mean droplet diameter and in the electrophoresis mobility was observed as the sodium chloride concentration was increased. The results are explained, taking into account the properties of the amines, the influence of the electrolytes on the solubility of the carboxylate ions adsorbed at the hydrocarbon/water interface, and the effect of those electrolytes on the behavior of the electrical double layer formed as a result of the surfactant adsorption.     

PVC聚合过程控制方案的分析及应用

聚氯乙烯树脂（PVC）是中国应用最广泛的有机合成材料之一,具有良好的发展前景。PVC生产企业在进行技术改造、扩大生产规模的同时,对生产过程的自动化水平也提出了更高的要求。结合70 m3悬浮法PVC聚合的生产过程及工艺特点,并针对生产过程中几个重要环节的控制特点和难点做了详细的分析;在此基础上建立了这些环节相应的控制系统...     

高效过氧化物水乳液引发剂在氯乙烯聚合中的应用

通过调整 2种高效过氧化物水乳液引发剂的复合配比 ,在中试装置生产出平均聚合度在 70 0～ 13 0 0的通用聚氯乙烯树脂。在氯乙烯悬浮聚合中使用过氧化物水乳液引发剂 ,可以缩短反应时间 ,提高产品质量     

The Use of Amines in the Stabilization of Acidic Hydrocarbons in Water Emulsions

Abstract

The effect of amines in the aqueous phase, on the interfacial behavior of acidic crude oils/water systems was investigated. The results show over a wide range of concentrations, that water soluble aliphatic amines with less than four carbon atoms per molecule, promote an abrupt decrease in the interfacial tension of such systems, from 20 dynes/cm, to approximately 0.5 dynes/cm. When sodium chloride was incorporated into the aqueous phase, interfacial tension values lower than 10^?2 dynes/cm were obtained and spontaneous emulsification detected. At any sodium chloride concentration, the interfacial tension decreased with the temperature. In heavy hydrocarbon in water emulsions prepared with a constant amine concentration, a decrease in the mean droplet diameter and in the electrophoresis mobility was observed as the sodium chloride concentration was increased. The results are explained, taking into account the properties of the amines, the influence of the electrolytes on the solubility of the carboxylate ions adsorbed at the hydrocarbon/water interface, and the effect of those electrolytes on the behavior of the electrical double layer formed as a result of the surfactant adsorption.     

EFFECTS OF THE BITUMEN POLAR FRACTIONS ON THE STABILITY OF BITUMEN AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS

The flocculation of aqueous bitumen emulsion during transportation and processing depends mostly on the electrical properties of bitumen-water interface. The aim of this study is to show how such interface is affected by the resins/asphaltenes ratio (r/a) of the bitumen. Our results indicate that the r/a controls the interfacial composition and the stability of the bitumen droplets in a water-continuous medium. Moreover, it is shown that the r/a is primarily responsible for maintaining diffusion of polar components inside the bitumen droplet. Such non-equilibrium behavior of various bitumen polar components takes place during the dispersion manufacturing and/or maturation phase. In this work, the asphaltenes and resins contents of a bitumen series were determined. In addition, the acid-base properties of the same bitumen series were studied by non-aqueous potentiometric titration method. The nature and the amount of acidic and basic functionaliti present in the bitumen were evaluated by comparison with the acid-base model compounds such as carboxylic acid, benzoic acid and pyridine. Furthermore, the interfacial properties of the acidic aqueous bitumen dispersions were studied by contact-angle and zeta potential measurements. The overall results indicate that stable bitumens dispersions are obtained with bitumens having high values of the resins/asphaltenes ratios.     

EFFECTS OF THE BITUMEN POLAR FRACTIONS ON THE STABILITY OF BITUMEN AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS

The flocculation of aqueous bitumen emulsion during transportation and processing depends mostly on the electrical properties of bitumen-water interface. The aim of this study is to show how such interface is affected by the resins/asphaltenes ratio (r/a) of the bitumen. Our results indicate that the r/a controls the interfacial composition and the stability of the bitumen droplets in a water-continuous medium. Moreover, it is shown that the r/a is primarily responsible for maintaining diffusion of polar components inside the bitumen droplet. Such non-equilibrium behavior of various bitumen polar components takes place during the dispersion manufacturing and/or maturation phase. In this work, the asphaltenes and resins contents of a bitumen series were determined. In addition, the acid-base properties of the same bitumen series were studied by non-aqueous potentiometric titration method. The nature and the amount of acidic and basic functionaliti present in the bitumen were evaluated by comparison with the acid-base model compounds such as carboxylic acid, benzoic acid and pyridine. Furthermore, the interfacial properties of the acidic aqueous bitumen dispersions were studied by contact-angle and zeta potential measurements. The overall results indicate that stable bitumens dispersions are obtained with bitumens having high values of the resins/asphaltenes ratios.