腺苷A3受体(A3AR)在失血性休克血管反应性调节中的作用

目的： 阻力血管对血管活性物质反应性的降低是决定创伤休克发生、发展及预后的重要因素。腺苷是机体遭受创伤、缺氧时大量释放的重要内源性调质,并通过相应受体发挥作用。本研究拟观察腺苷A3受体(A3AR)在失血性休克大鼠肠系膜上动脉的表达变化情况及其与休克血管反应性变化间的关系,初步探讨A3AR是否参与对休克血管反应性的调节。方法：参照以往的工作基础,建立大鼠失血性休克(40 mmHg)模型;大鼠肠系膜上动脉对缩血管物质去甲肾上腺素(NE)诱导的收缩反应性采用离体小血管张力测定仪检测;A3AR的蛋白及mRNA表达变化情况分别采用Western blotting及RT-PCR进行检测。结果：结果显示,在大鼠失血性休克后0-4 h,其肠系膜上动脉1-2级分支血管对由NE诱导的收缩反应性呈现“双向性”变化;A3AR mRNA表达随休克时间的延长呈逐渐降低的趋势,但无显著差异;而肠系膜上动脉血管平滑肌A3AR的蛋白表达在休克后即刻呈增加趋势,随着休克时间的延长,其表达逐渐下降,尤其以休克后4h的表达下降最为明显;此外,A3AR激动剂可部分恢复休克2 h大鼠肠系膜上动脉对NE的收缩反应性,且该作用可被A3AR阻断剂MRS1523所拮抗。结论：A3AR参与失血性休克血管低反应性的形成,在失血性休克后激动A3AR受体可保护血管功能,部分恢复失血性休克后大鼠阻力血管对NE的收缩反应性。     

腺苷A2a受体在炎症反应中的作用

腺苷广泛分布于全身各组织器官,可通过与细胞表面相应G-蛋白偶联受体结合发挥抑制炎症反应,对抗缺血／缺氧和免疫调节等生物学作用。目前发现腺苷受体有4种亚型,即A1R、A2aR、A2bR和A3R。其中A2a腺苷受体（A2aR）广泛分布于神经胶质细胞,巨噬细胞,树突状细胞,肥大细胞,自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞及内皮细胞和上皮细胞中,在相应的腺苷配体作用下,可通过腺苷-腺苷受体系统介导炎症反应和发挥免疫调节作用。     

腺苷A2A受体激动剂CGS21680对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

 目的：探讨腺苷A2A受体激动剂对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤（ALI）小鼠的作用。方法：采用LPS（10 mg/kg）气管内注射6 h后的ALI小鼠模型。实验动物随机分为生理盐水对照组、ALI组、CGS21680治疗组和CGS21680对照组。测定各组6 h后肺湿重/干重比值（W/D）。比色法测定各组肺组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性。Western blotting分析各组肺组织中细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）和血管细胞黏附分子1（VCAM-1）的表达。酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测各组小鼠血清中单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）的浓度。观察各组肺组织病理改变。结果：ALI组肺W/D、MPO活性、ICAM-1及VCAM-1表达和MCP-1浓度均较对照组显著升高。CGS21680治疗组前述各项指标较ALI组有显著下降。CGS21680组较对照组各项指标无显著差异。肺组织病理显示,ALI组可见肺间质明显充血水肿,大量炎症细胞浸润,部分肺泡腔内可见红细胞。CGS21680治疗组可显著改善肺组织的病理变化。结论：腺苷A2A受体激动剂CGS21680可明显减轻LPS诱导的ALI小鼠肺组织的炎症反应及肺组织水肿,提示腺苷A2A受体激动剂在急性肺损伤中具有保护作用。     

腺苷A2a受体在炎症反应中的作用

腺苷广泛分布于全身各组织器官,可通过与细胞表面相应G-蛋白偶联受体结合发挥抑制炎症反应,对抗缺血/缺氧和免疫调节等生物学作用.目前发现腺苷受体有4种亚型,即A1R、A2aR、A2bR和A3R.其中A2a腺苷受体(A2aR)广泛分布于神经胶质细胞,巨噬细胞,树突状细胞,肥大细胞,自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞及内皮细胞和上皮细胞中,在相应的腺苷配体作用下,可通过腺苷-腺苷受体系统介导炎症反应和发挥免疫调节作用.     

腺苷A2a受体在炎症反应中的作用

腺苷广泛分布于全身各组织器官,可通过与细胞表面相应G-蛋白偶联受体结合发挥抑制炎症反应,对抗缺血/缺氧和免疫调节等生物学作用.目前发现腺苷受体有4种亚型,即A1R、A2aR、A2bR和A3R.其中A2a腺苷受体(A2aR)广泛分布于神经胶质细胞,巨噬细胞,树突状细胞,肥大细胞,自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞及内皮细胞和上皮细胞中,在相应的腺苷配体作用下,可通过腺苷-腺苷受体系统介导炎症反应和发挥免疫调节作用.     

腺苷A2a受体在炎症反应中的作用

腺苷广泛分布于全身各组织器官,可通过与细胞表面相应G-蛋白偶联受体结合发挥抑制炎症反应,对抗缺血/缺氧和免疫调节等生物学作用.目前发现腺苷受体有4种亚型,即A1R、A2aR、A2bR和A3R.其中A2a腺苷受体(A2aR)广泛分布于神经胶质细胞,巨噬细胞,树突状细胞,肥大细胞,自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞及内皮细胞和上皮细胞中,在相应的腺苷配体作用下,可通过腺苷-腺苷受体系统介导炎症反应和发挥免疫调节作用.     

腺苷A2a受体在炎症反应中的作用

腺苷广泛分布于全身各组织器官,可通过与细胞表面相应G-蛋白偶联受体结合发挥抑制炎症反应,对抗缺血/缺氧和免疫调节等生物学作用.目前发现腺苷受体有4种亚型,即A1R、A2aR、A2bR和A3R.其中A2a腺苷受体(A2aR)广泛分布于神经胶质细胞,巨噬细胞,树突状细胞,肥大细胞,自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞及内皮细胞和上皮细胞中,在相应的腺苷配体作用下,可通过腺苷-腺苷受体系统介导炎症反应和发挥免疫调节作用.     

腺苷A2a受体在炎症反应中的作用

腺苷广泛分布于全身各组织器官,可通过与细胞表面相应G-蛋白偶联受体结合发挥抑制炎症反应,对抗缺血/缺氧和免疫调节等生物学作用.目前发现腺苷受体有4种亚型,即A1R、A2aR、A2bR和A3R.其中A2a腺苷受体(A2aR)广泛分布于神经胶质细胞,巨噬细胞,树突状细胞,肥大细胞,自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞及内皮细胞和上皮细胞中,在相应的腺苷配体作用下,可通过腺苷-腺苷受体系统介导炎症反应和发挥免疫调节作用.     

腺苷A2a受体在炎症反应中的作用

腺苷广泛分布于全身各组织器官,可通过与细胞表面相应G-蛋白偶联受体结合发挥抑制炎症反应,对抗缺血/缺氧和免疫调节等生物学作用.目前发现腺苷受体有4种亚型,即A1R、A2aR、A2bR和A3R.其中A2a腺苷受体(A2aR)广泛分布于神经胶质细胞,巨噬细胞,树突状细胞,肥大细胞,自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞及内皮细胞和上皮细胞中,在相应的腺苷配体作用下,可通过腺苷-腺苷受体系统介导炎症反应和发挥免疫调节作用.     

腺苷A2a受体在炎症反应中的作用

腺苷广泛分布于全身各组织器官,可通过与细胞表面相应G-蛋白偶联受体结合发挥抑制炎症反应,对抗缺血/缺氧和免疫调节等生物学作用.目前发现腺苷受体有4种亚型,即A1R、A2aR、A2bR和A3R.其中A2a腺苷受体(A2aR)广泛分布于神经胶质细胞,巨噬细胞,树突状细胞,肥大细胞,自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞及内皮细胞和上皮细胞中,在相应的腺苷配体作用下,可通过腺苷-腺苷受体系统介导炎症反应和发挥免疫调节作用.     

腺苷受体在脑缺血中的研究进展

在脑缺血时,细胞外腺苷浓度急剧升高并激活各种腺苷受体。腺苷受体属于G蛋白偶联受体家族,目前已克隆出A1,A2a,A2b及A3四种腺苷受体亚型。它们广泛分布于中枢神经系统,并参与神经保护、反应性胶质化、炎症反应等病理过程。腺苷受体可能成为脑缺血时药物作用的新靶点。     

Hypoxia induces T-cell apoptosis by inhibiting chemokine C receptor 7 expression: the role of adenosine receptor A2

Hypoxia is a major characteristic of the tumor microenvironment, and its effects on immune cells are proposed to be important factors for the process of tumor immune escape. It has been reported that hypoxia affects the function of dendritic cells and the antitumor function of T cells. Here we discuss the effects of hypoxia on T-cell survival. Our results showed that hypoxia induced apoptosis of T cells. Adenosine and adenosine receptors (AR) are important to the hypoxia-related signaling pathway. Using AR agonists and antagonists, we demonstrated that hypoxia-induced apoptosis of T cells was mediated by A_2a and A_2b receptors. Furthermore, we are the first, to our knowledge, to report that hypoxia significantly inhibited the expression of chemokine C receptor 7 (CCR7) of T cells via the A₂R signal pathway, perhaps representing a mechanism of hypoxia-induced apoptosis of T cells. Collectively, our research demonstrated that hypoxia induces T-cell apoptosis by the A₂R signaling pathway partly by suppressing CCR7. Blocking the A₂R signaling pathway and/or activation of CCR7 can increase the anti-apoptosis function of T cells and may become a new strategy to improve antitumor potential.     

Transforming growth factor-beta: A target for cancer therapy

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic growth factor that regulates cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, cell motility, extracellular matrix production, angiogenesis, and cellular immune responses. TGF-β demonstrates paradoxical action whereby it can function to suppress early tumorigenesis; however, it can also facilitate malignant transformation and stimulate tumor growth by manipulating a more hospitable environment for tumor invasion and the development of metastases. Given the integral role of TGF-β in transformation and cancer progression, various components of the TGF-β signaling pathway offer potentially attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the role of TGF-β in cancer and discusses both small and large molecule drugs currently in development that target TGF-β, its receptor and important down stream steps along its signaling pathway.     

腺苷A1受体拮抗剂DPCPX对低氧复氧脑星形胶质细胞影响的实验研究

目的:观察腺苷A1受体拮抗剂1,3-二丙基-环戊黄嘌呤(8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, DPCPX)对体外培养低氧复氧(hypoxia and reoxygenation, H/R)大鼠脑星形胶质细胞促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin, EPO)释放量、谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthase, GS)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dimutase, SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX)活性的影响,探讨腺苷A1受体在H/R星形胶质细胞神经保护中的作用.方法:对大鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞进行体外培养并建立H/R模型,在低氧同时加入终浓度为100 nmol/L DPCPX 12 h后复氧1,6,12,24 h,检测EPO释放量,GS,SOD和GSH-PX活性的变化.结果:与对照组比较,DPCPX组H/R星形胶质细胞的EPO释放量显著减少;GS,SOD和GSH-PX的活性降低.结论:腺苷A1受体参与H/R星形胶质细胞的神经保护作用.     

Stathmin作为抗肿瘤治疗新靶标的研究进展

Stathmin是一个磷酸化胞浆蛋白,它与有丝分裂纺锤体的结构和功能有密切关系,这将影响细胞周期的进行.Stathmin在多种恶性肿瘤细胞中都过表达,而正常体细胞未见上调.近年来,以Stathmin作为抗肿瘤治疗的靶标,利用核酸酶、siRNA、小分子物质以及天然提取物等多种策略得到了长足发展.更多的研究将致力于进一步证...     

多巴胺D3受体基因Ser-9-Gly多态性精神分裂症的关联研究

为探讨精神分裂症与多巴胺 D3受体基因 ( dopamine D3receptor gene,DRD3) Ser-9-Gly多态性是否关联。应用PCR-RFLP方法检测了广州地区汉族人群中 1 2 3例家族史阴性、1 1 3例家族史阳性精神分裂症患者、1 6 8例家族史阴性患者父母和 4 7例正常老年人中多巴胺 D3受体基因 Ser-9-Gly多态性 ,并对多巴胺 D3受体基因各等位基因及基因型与精神分裂症进行了相关分析 ,DRD3与精神分裂症、患者性别及家族史均无关联 ( P>0 .0 5 )。提示广州地区汉族人群中DRD3基因 Ser-9-Gly多态性与精神分裂症没有关联。     

The effects of A1 and A2A adenosine receptor agonists on kainic acid excitotoxicity in the guinea pig cochlea

The present study aimed to clarify the protective effect of adenosine receptors against the excitotoxicity of cochlear afferent dendrites. The effects of 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), an A1 adenosine receptor agonist, and 5′-N-cyclopropyl-carboxamidoadenosine (CPCA), an A2A adenosine receptor agonist, on cochlear excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid (KA) were examined using guinea pigs. KA was applied to the round window membrane at a concentration of 10 mM for 30 min. CCPA or CPCA was given at the onset of KA application. KA morphologically induced the swelling of cochlear afferent dendrites and significantly elevated the threshold of the compound action potential (CAP) of the cochlea. CCPA inhibited the KA-induced CAP threshold shift and swelling of the cochlear afferent dendrites. However, CPCA did not affect cochlear excitotoxicity induced by KA. The results suggest that adenosine A1 receptor activation could prevent the excitotoxicity of cochlear afferent dendrites.     

Upregulation of adenosine A2A receptor and downregulation of GLT1 is associated with neuronal cell death in Rasmussen's encephalitis

Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a severe pediatric inflammatory brain disease characterized by unilateral inflammation and atrophy of the cerebral cortex, drug‐resistant focal epilepsy and progressive neurological and cognitive deterioration. The etiology and pathogenesis of RE remain unclear. Our previous results demonstrated that the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and the major adenosine‐removing enzyme adenosine kinase play an important role in the etiology of RE. Because the downstream pathways of inhibitory A1R signaling are modulated by stimulatory A2AR signaling, which by itself controls neuro‐inflammation, glial activation and glial glutamate homeostasis through interaction with glutamate transporter GLT‐1, we hypothesized that maladaptive changes in adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) expression are associated with RE. We used immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis to examine the expression of A2ARs, glutamate transporter‐I (GLT‐1) and the apoptotic marker Bcl‐2 in surgically resected cortical specimens from RE patients (n = 18) in comparison with control cortical tissue. In lesions of the RE specimen we found upregulation of A2ARs, downregulation of GLT‐1 and increased apoptosis of both neurons and astroglia. Double staining revealed colocalization of A2ARs and Bcl‐2 in RE lesions. These results suggest that maladaptive changes in A2AR expression are associated with a decrease in GLT‐I expression as a possible precipitator for apoptotic cell loss in RE. Because A2AR antagonists are already under clinical evaluation for Parkinson's disease, the A2AR might likewise be a tractable target for the treatment of RE.