基于虚拟样机的火炮系统建模与仿真分析

根据地火炮的主要部件的连接关系，在分析了火炮拓扑结构的基础上，讨论了火炮各体的自由度。介绍了机械系统动力学仿真分析系统ADAMS，首次将其应用引入到武器装备研究领域，简述了Kane方法建模的步骤。结合Fortran语言编程，在ADAMS环境下建立了火炮虚拟样机，虚拟样机仿真和Kane方法对比结果说明了虚拟样机建立的可信性。最后，研究了驻锄刚度对火炮振动性能的影响，并展望了虚拟样机的应用前景。     

基于ADAMS与CPSO算法的火炮结构参数优化设计研究

针对火炮动力学模型是多部件、强非线性的系统,直接在ADAMS环境下对火炮结构参数进行优化,可能存在实现难度大、迭代次数过多、优化效果不明显等问题,提出了基于ADAMS与CPSO算法相结合的火炮结构参数优化设计方法．在利用Pro/E与ADAMS建立火炮虚拟样机并进行仿真试验的基础上,采用混沌粒子群算法对火炮结构参数进行优化,从而获得火炮结构参数和炮口扰动优化结果．根据优化值与初始值的对比分析,证明了文中所提优化设计方法合理可行．     

转管机枪枪架多目标优化及其对射击精度影响研究

针对射击过程中转管机枪的枪架弹性变形过大影响射击精度的问题,利用网格变形技术和近似模型技术对枪架结构进行多目标优化来提高其整体刚度。建立了该转管机枪系统的刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型,对其射击过程进行了动力学仿真计算,通过与试验数据对比验证其正确性。将利用网格变形技术优化得到的新型枪架替换原枪架建立虚拟样机模型,对比优化前后机枪系统的动力学特性,机枪枪口高低方向的振动角位移和速度都有明显的降低,机枪百米70%射弹散布圆半径减小了12.16%,说明优化后的枪架能有效抑制机枪系统在高低方向的振动,提高射击密集度。     

计及减振器非线性阻尼的自行火炮车体振动试验及数值模拟

为了研究减振器的非线性阻尼特性对轮式自行火炮连发射击过程中车体振动的影响,基于流体力学和液压基本理论,通过建立减振器的非线性阻尼求解模型,得到减振器阻尼及刚度系数表达式。针对某轮式自行火炮的具体结构特点,推导由减振器引起的悬挂等效阻尼系数和等效刚度系数表达式。同时,对轮式自行火炮连发射击时车体振动进行试验测试。在理论研究和试验研究基础上,对减振器阻尼及刚度系数采用线性和非线性表达式两种状态进行了数值建模模拟。结果表明,考虑非线性阻尼及刚度系数仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好,而采用线性阻尼及刚度系数仿真结果与试验结果存在较大的误差。研究结果表明减振器非线性阻尼及刚度系数对轮式自行火炮车体振动具有较大影响。所述方法可以推广到其他火炮车体振动仿真研究中。     

基于多目标的IHI摆式飞剪虚拟样机优化

为解决多目标IHI摆式飞剪结构参数的优化,依据机构的基本参数,在ADAMS动力学分析软件中建立IHI摆式飞剪机构的数字化虚拟样机,仿真得到了上、下剪刃的动力学变化规律及其超前滞后特性.针对原设计中速度超前和滞后的问题,结合IHI摆式飞剪的组成原理建立了虚拟样机的多目标优化函数和约束条件.利用INSIGHT模块对数字化虚拟样机进行了优化分析.优化后的结构在一定程度上改善了原设计中的超前和滞后问题,更利于剪切和满足工艺需求.基于多目标的虚拟样机的优化分析,对于IHI摆式飞剪的结构参数设计及后期改造具有实际的指导意义.     

基于虚拟高冲击样机的装备寿命预测研究

讨论了虚拟样机(virtual prototyping)的意义和必要性，简要介绍了ADAMS仿真系统。以承受高冲击激励的火炮为研究对象，分析了影响火炮工作性能的主要因素，总结了火炮正常工作的三个基本准则。运用Fortran语言编制了火炮故障仿真模块，在ADAMS环境下建立了火炮高冲击虚拟样机。结合层次分析法(AHP)确定了性能的影响权重，制定了基于虚拟高冲击样机的火炮工作性能评估方案，进而对火炮剩余寿命进行预测，仿真结果证明了评估和预测研究的有效性。最后，展望了虚拟样机的应用前景和下一步的研究重点。     

基于UG/Motion重型货车主副弹簧悬架动力学仿真分析系统的构建

摘　要：提出了一种基于UG/Motion构建重型货车主副弹簧悬架动力学仿真分析系统的新方法,并应用该方法开发出了相应的软件原型系统。基于两自由度1/4车辆虚拟样机模型,原型系统的仿真分析模块可方便、快捷的实现虚拟样机模型主要设计参数的修改及基于谐波叠加法各种标准等级时域路面不平度的模拟生成。仿真分析模块通过调用UG/Motion集成的RecurDyn解算器来获取仿真分析结果,通过集成Matlab的绘图功能对分析结果进行输出查看;系统的遗传优化设计模块以整个载荷范围内悬挂质量加速度均方根值最小为目标函数,可对悬架的阻尼系数、主副弹簧刚度比和临界载荷比进行了动力学优化。通过一个设计实例验证了原型系统构建的正确性及遗传优化设计模块的有效性。     

火炮最优射击稳定性设计研究

为获取最优的后坐阻力规律FR(t)以提高射击稳定性,基于多体系统动力学建模理论,建立了全炮动力学模型;以火炮射击时跳动量最小为目标,节制杆各圆锥段直径为设计变量,基于优化设计方法对优化问题进行了求解。优化结果表明:最大后坐阻力和火炮跳高都小于优化前,后坐阻力曲线更加平缓,火炮射击稳定性得到明显改善。     

基于虚拟体的弹炮刚柔耦合动力学优化设计研究

为了研究火炮系统结构参数对弹丸膛内运动和炮口扰动的影响,通过引入虚拟体,提出了一种充分反映弹炮间相互作用的火炮动力学建模方法,推导了含虚拟体项的自行火炮刚柔耦合动力学方程;同时,以某型履带式自行火炮为例,引入多目标优化算法,建立了以弹丸和炮口初始扰动为目标函数的火炮系统多目标优化设计模型,获得了在相同射击条件下试验测试数据和仿真计算结果的对比曲线,以及结构参数的优化结果。分析表明,采用该方法建立的模型能较真实地反映火炮系统的动态响应特性和弹丸的膛内运动规律,且在考虑弹丸与柔性身管接触碰撞的前提下实现了弹丸和火炮运动的多目标优化设计,可以为自行火炮的发射动力学研究提供一定参考。     

基于虚拟样机技术的汽车操纵稳定性参数正交优化设计

以某型轿车底盘为研究对象,采用虚拟样机软件ADAMS建立整车多体动力学仿真模型;结合汽车操纵稳定性的客观定量评价标准,建立了直接生成操纵稳定性评价值的ADAMS函数;用ADAMS软件结合正交试验方法对整车操纵稳定性进行了虚拟正交优化设计.虚拟样机技术在车辆操纵稳定性参数正交优化中的应用,不仅使仿真模型与集中质量模型相比提高了精度,还分析出整车操纵稳定性的主要零部件影响因素,得到了最优的一组设计方案.由于是直接对具体零部件的优化,整个设计过程适于在企业中应用.     

A framework of virtual prototyping environment for the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism with clearance

Mechanical mechanisms with clearance abound in technological fields such as robotics, machine and steam turbine industry. The dynamic performance of these mechanisms in working condition can be achieved provided that the effects of the different on the mechanisms (such as mechanism dynamics, technological effects and thermal behaviour) are thoroughly understood. Virtual prototyping provides an integration of multi-domain dynamic simulation for the design and analysis process. In the current paper, a framework of virtual prototyping environment for the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism with clearance is presented. A case study with such a simulation strategy is studied for the optimum design and analysis of the technological parameter.     

A framework of virtual prototyping environment for the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism with clearance

Mechanical mechanisms with clearance abound in technological fields such as robotics, machine and steam turbine industry. The dynamic performance of these mechanisms in working condition can be achieved provided that the effects of the different on the mechanisms (such as mechanism dynamics, technological effects and thermal behaviour) are thoroughly understood. Virtual prototyping provides an integration of multi-domain dynamic simulation for the design and analysis process. In the current paper, a framework of virtual prototyping environment for the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism with clearance is presented. A case study with such a simulation strategy is studied for the optimum design and analysis of the technological parameter.     

Research on Fault Evaluation of Armament Equipment Based on ADAMS

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机枪结构动态特性的优化研究

利用Ansys有限元分析软件对建立的有限元模型进行了模态分析,通过对设计变量、状态变量和目标函数的合理选择建立了优化模型,对机枪的机构参数进行了优化.建立了某机枪的有限元实体模型,在模态分析的基础上优化武器的机构动态特性.求解了机枪的自由模态参数,与试验模态分析所得到的模态参数进行了对比验证,通过结构优化得到了结构修改方案.机枪的有限元模型通过优化结构参数提高了机枪的结构动态特性,武器的射击频率与机枪整体结构的固有频率匹配更加合理,提高了武器的射击精度.     

Destructive disassembly to support virtual prototyping

The design paradigm called virtual prototyping (VP) is important because of the need to manufacture products in a short period of time and in a cost effective manner. By replacing the building of physical prototypes for testing various design issues such as usability, life-cycle analysis, functionality and so on with so called “virtual models” on a computer and analyzing them, virtual prototyping is achieved. One of the design issues that has become increasingly important is the “design-for-disassembly (DFD)” paradigm. A well designed product that is easy to disassemble has the obvious advantages when it needs to be taken apart for service or end-of-life recycling. Therefore a design tool that can tie the DFD issues into a virtual prototyping system is of considerable interest. This paper attempts to address this particular issue in the virtual prototyping area: DFD as applied to VP. This paper presents an overview of a detailed DFD method. An algorithm that can be readily tied into a computer aided design system, therefore also useful for virtual prototyping, is discussed. Some implementation issues and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the DFD method currently employed are explained. Even though this research is still in its early stages, the paper presents a general framework of DFD methodology and its potential to be used as a virtual prototyping tool.     

多体系统发射动力学及其应用

射击精度差、试验用弹量大、发射不安全是制约现代火箭、火炮武器发展的三大技术难题。武器系统精度和发射安全性取决于武器系统动力学规律,发射动力学作为研究武器系统发射过程中受力和运动规律的一门新兴综合工程学科,在国际上已成为提高火箭和火炮武器系统射击精度和发射安全性的新技术突破口,为射击精度和发射安全性设计与试验提供新理论与技术。文章研究多体系统发射动力学理论与技术及其在火箭和火炮武器射击精度和安全性设计与试验中的应用。     

复杂产品虚拟样机综合集成型决策支持系统研究

现有常规决策方法和决策支持环境难以对复杂问题进行有效的决策支持和求解，复杂产品虚拟样机即属于该类问题，其决策支持环境的设计是虚拟样机工程需要解决的问题之一。在分析当前各种决策支持系统的特点并与综合集成型决策支持系统进行比较后，提出了只有构建综合集成型决策支持系统才能有效地解决复杂产品虚拟样机设计中的决策支持问题。从虚拟样机决策求解的过程分析了系统的需求，建立了B/S架构的、基于移动Agent技术的综合集成型决策支持系统，并阐明了系统的组织结构和功能，对系统实现的关键技术、仿真、信息和知识的综合集成进行了深     

An Internet-enabled image- and model-based virtual machining system

Virtual reality (VR) can be described as a four-dimensional (4-D) simulation of the real world, including the 3-D geometry space, 1-D time and the immersive or semi-immersive interaction interface. VR applications in mechanical-related research areas are becoming popular, e.g. virtual layout design, virtual prototyping, Internet-based virtual manufacturing, etc. However, research in VR applications is facing conflicting requirements for high rendering quality and near real-time interactivity. This paper represents an Internet-based virtual machining system that builds an integrated VR scene, which combines images and models, to overcome the above conflicts. This research is divided into three parts: first, image mosaics techniques are used to implement an Internet-based virtual workshop, which is an image-based virtual scene. The method of obtaining original sequential images, the principle of image mosaics to realize automatic seamless stitching, and projection transformation matrices to reconstruct a closed inward-facing space are presented. Secondly, a model-based virtual milling machine has been constructed with three detailed approaches: a category-based dynamic graph structure to support collision detection, a relation-oriented collision detection method to improve the efficiency of collision detection, and a dynamic modelling method to model a dynamic workpiece object. Finally, an Internet-based virtual milling system, which is the integration of the image-based virtual workshop and the model-based virtual CNC machine, is constructed using the reposition method to achieve visual consistency of the virtual objects and images. This system, which includes an integrated scene, combines the advantages of image-based VR and model-based VR. Consequently, this system has both high rendering quality and good real-time interactivity.     

火炮磁流变后坐阻尼器的设计与可控性分析

以高冲击、高速环境下的某口径火炮反后坐装置为研究对象,讨论了后坐阻力对火炮静止性和射击稳定性的影响,研究了磁流变阻尼器对火炮后坐运动的控制作用。设计了火炮磁流变后坐阻尼器及冲击试验平台;考虑冲击载荷激励下惯性力的影响,建立了火炮反后坐装置动力学模型并进行了计算仿真,对所设计长行程磁流变阻尼器进行了冲击试验,测试其在冲击载荷下的动态特性,并进行了后坐过程半实物仿真控制。试验结果表明设计的长行程火炮用磁流变阻尼器可有效抑制冲击载荷激励作用,为进一步实现火炮后坐力与行程控制的一体化设计和工程应用奠定了基础。