Lateral Energy Transfer by Plasmons Excited by a Terahertz Wave in a Periodic Spatially Asymmetric Graphene Structure

Semiconductors - The power conversion of a terahertz wave normally incident on a periodic graphene structure to propagating-plasmon power is theoretically studied. The conditions of the maximum...     

双层石墨烯电控开关设计

提出并设计了一种基于双层石墨烯结构的电控太赫兹波开关。该开关结构由棱镜-石墨烯-二氧化硅-石墨烯-锑化铟组成。太赫兹波从棱镜左侧以特定角度入射,棱镜右侧固定有太赫兹波探测器,通过外加电场改变石墨烯介电常数,影响等离子体波矢匹配,进而控制太赫兹波反射率,实现太赫兹开关目的。实验运用COMSOL软件对双层石墨烯电控开关进行仿真模拟,将1 THz的太赫兹波以35.42从棱镜左上方入射,在无外加电场时,太赫兹波反射率为2.63%,此时为太赫兹波开关的关状态。施加外加电场时,石墨烯的介电常数发生变化,太赫兹波反射率改变并达到93.01%,棱镜结构接近全反射,此时为太赫兹波开关的开状态。研究结果表明该结构具有良好的太赫兹波强度控制性能,电控太赫兹波开关消光比为15.5 dB。     

Amplification of terahertz radiation in a plasmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">n–i–p–i</Emphasis> graphene structure with charge-carrier injection

The absorption/amplification spectrum of terahertz radiation in inhomogeneous graphene (n–i–p–i structure) with a periodic dual metal grating is theoretically investigated. It is shown that the amplification of terahertz radiation sharply increases at the plasmon-resonance frequency, when losses due to electron scattering and emission are balanced by the plasmon gain (related to the stimulated radiative interband recombination of electron–hole pairs in the inverted region of graphene).     

复合石墨烯/硅半球的宽带太赫兹超材料吸收器

提出了一种性能可调的宽带、极化与入射角不敏感的超材料太赫兹吸收器,该吸收器自上而下分为四层结构,分别是:硅半椭球/半球体复合结构、连续石墨烯层、PDMS介质层和金属背板。通过在TE波垂直入射条件下仿真,在已知结果基础上,对不同石墨烯化学势和不同结构条件下的电场结果分析表明,在硅半椭球/半球体亚波长复合结构所形成的连续、多模法布里-珀罗共振,以及由石墨烯所激发的多个离散的等离子体共振的协同作用下,其吸收光谱得到平滑和扩展,使该结构可实现吸收率宽范围可调,以及接近100%吸收率的宽频带吸收特性。特别的,当石墨烯化学势分别为0.2与0.9 eV时,其分别可获得约5.7 THz与7 THz的宽带太赫兹波吸收（吸收率超过90％）,且其最大吸收率接近完美吸收（约99.8％）。此外,该结构还具有360°极化不敏感和高于60°的入射角不敏感等优异特性,在以上角度范围内,吸收器吸收率仍可保持到90%以上。在太赫兹波探测、光谱成像以及隐身技术等方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

基于三维石墨烯的可拉伸太赫兹吸波材料

通过将三维石墨烯材料与聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜相结合,设计并研制了一种宽带可拉伸的太赫兹波吸收材料,设计结构可以使三维石墨烯在聚二甲基硅氧烷层的保护下实现大幅度拉伸。实验结果表明,该吸波材料在0.2~1.1 THz的测试范围内有最高90%的吸收率,同时在20%的拉伸量下复合结构对太赫兹波吸收率基本保持不变,并且在去掉外力时材料样品的结构和性能均可恢复至原始状态。可拉伸太赫兹吸波材料具有带宽大、吸收率高、加工简单以及可大面积制备等优点,在太赫兹吸收器等领域中具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于石墨烯的太赫兹透明吸波器设计

透明太赫兹吸波器既可在太赫兹波段实现吸波功能,又对可见光透明,隐蔽性高,因此其在电磁隐形等领域具有广泛应用。文中设计了一种基于石墨烯的太赫兹双频吸波器,它由方形加枝节的石墨烯上层宽带吸波结构和石墨烯-ITO 嵌套形下层窄带吸收结构构成,实现了独立可调的双频吸波功能。经仿真调试,该吸波器能够通过改变石墨烯费米能,分别在1.98~3.64 THz 范围内调节实现90%以上宽频带吸收率和在4.6~4.9 THz 范围内调节实现96%以上吸收率。经验证,该吸波器具有极化不敏感、宽入射范围等优点。     

On the Amplification of Terahertz Radiation by High-Q Resonant Plasmons in a Periodic Graphene Bilayer under Plasmon-Mode Anticrossing

Semiconductors - The spectrum of amplification of terahertz radiation in a structured active graphene bilayer consisting of two identical periodic graphene microribbon arrays separated by a thin...     

Ultra‐Broadband Wide‐Angle Terahertz Absorption Properties of 3D Graphene Foam

As a next generation of detection technology, terahertz technology is very promising. In this work, a highly efficient terahertz wave absorber based on 3D graphene foam (3DG) is first reported. Excellent terahertz absorption property at frequency ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 THz is obtained owing to faint surface reflection and enormous internal absorption. By precise control of the constant properties for 3DG, the reflection loss (RL) value of 19 dB is acquired and the qualified frequency bandwidth (with RL value over 10 dB) covers 95% of the entire measured bandwidth at normal incidence, which far surpasses most reported materials. More importantly, the terahertz absorption performance of 3DG enhances obviously with increasing the incidence while majority of materials become invalid at oblique incidence, instead. At the incidence of 45°, the maximum RL value increases 50% from 19 to 28.6 dB and the qualified frequency bandwidth covers 100% of the measured bandwidth. After considering all core indicators involving density, qualified bandwidth, and RL values, the specific average terahertz absorption (SATA) property is investigated. The SATA value of 3DG is over 3000 times higher than those of other materials in open literatures.     

Broadband Terahertz Transmission Modulation Based on Hybrid Graphene-Metal Metamaterial

A novel patterned metamaterial, composed of graphene layer and metal periodic array of split ring resonators (SRRs) and cross-shaped resonators (CSRs), with broadband terahertz (THz) wave modulation was proposed and theoretically studied. It demonstrated that a broad passband high transmission of over 96.1% in the frequency range from 1.02 THz to 1.66 THz and two narrow band resonance frequencies f₁ and f₂ could be generated. The modulation depth of transmission was 29.2% when the graphene layer was covered on the metal metamaterial surface, and the modulation depth could be further increased by increasing the Fermi energy of graphene layer and reached approximately 79.5% at 1.0 eV in a broadband THz frequency range. The resonance frequencies of f₁ and f₂ were blue-shifted, and their modulation depths reached about 63.2% and 18%, respectively. These results show that the ultrathin graphene-metal metamaterial exhibits potential to achieve high-performance active THz devices and may offer widespread applications.     

基于石墨烯一维太赫兹光子晶体电磁特性研究

采用时域有限差分(Finite Difference Time Domain FDTD)和表面边界条件对单层石墨烯的太赫兹电磁特性进行研究.首先计算了其反射和透射系数, 并与解析解对比验证了该理论的正确性.接着研究了一维光子晶体表面石墨烯在太赫兹光谱范围的吸收.通过改变模型中石墨烯的位置, 得到了一维石墨烯吸收特性与石墨烯位置的关系.结果表明:当石墨烯位于光子晶体表面时, 由于石墨烯和间隔层在光子晶体表面构成了表面缺陷, 从而导致光的局域化, 这种局域化增强了石墨烯对太赫兹范围光的吸收.     

基于石墨烯超材料的三频段可调谐完美吸收器

为进一步降低太赫兹频率下高性能调控器件的结构复杂度,提出一种三频段可调谐超材料完美吸收器. 该吸收器由图案化的石墨烯层和经Si介质层隔开的Au接地平面组成,利用太赫兹下的石墨烯表面等离子体共振以及图案化石墨烯与电场耦合提供的电偶极子共振形成多个吸收峰. 数值仿真结果表明,在0.489 THz、1.492 THz和2.437 THz处实现了对入射波的共振吸收,各峰值处的幅值均大于99.9%. 由于吸收峰处的幅值可以通过外部施加的偏置电压改变石墨烯的费米能级进行控制,因而所提出的吸收器结构的工作状态可在反射器和吸收器之间灵活切换. 同时,通过对吸收器单元结构的对称设计实现了对极化角度的不敏感特性,且在宽入射角范围内仍能保持良好的吸收性能. 因此,所设计的基于石墨烯的太赫兹超材料功能器件在调制和传感方面具有巨大的潜力.     

Graphene-Based\ Waveguide Terahertz Wave Attenuator

We design an electrically controllable terahertz wave attenuator by using graphene. We show that terahertz wave can be confined and propagate on S-shaped graphene waveguide with little radiation losses, and the confined terahertz wave is further manipulated and controlled via external applied voltage bias. The simulated results show that, when chemical potential changes from 0.03 into 0.05 eV, the extinction ratio of the terahertz wave attenuator can be tuned from 1.28 to 39.42 dB. Besides the simplicity, this novel terahertz wave attenuator has advantages of small size (24?×?30 μm²), a low insertion loss, and good controllability. It has a potential application for forthcoming planar terahertz wave integrated circuit fields.     

基于F-P谐振与SPP共振的石墨烯双模吸波体设计

为了实现石墨烯的双模吸收,将石墨烯条带嵌入到缺陷光子晶体,采用严格耦合波法进行了仿真研究,并进行了关键参量的影响分析。发现由于Fabry-Pérot谐振和表面等离子激元共振的共同作用,系统在5.1537THz和5.1970THz处获得了两个完美吸收模式,此时结构阻抗等于自由空间阻抗。结果表明,电调谐石墨烯化学势不仅能够改变模式数目,还能够改变模式的耦合程度;当化学势为0.7eV时,两吸收模完全耦合;调节石墨烯条带的几何尺寸也能控制模式的耦合程度;当入射光偏离垂直入射时,模式数目直接受偏角大小的影响。该研究为太赫兹器件吸收谱的重构提供了思路。     

偏振选择可调谐双带太赫兹吸收器

提出并研究了一种偏振选择可调谐双带太赫兹吸收器。吸收器由顶层方形劈裂石墨烯环、中间SiO₂介质层以及底层金反射层组成。基于时域有限差分法的仿真结果显示,该吸收器在不同偏振光入射下均可以实现双带高效率吸收。x偏振光时在7.86和12.63THz处的吸收率分别为97.9%和91.2%;y偏振光时在6.30和10.52THz处的吸收率分别为94.1%和93.2%。通过改变石墨烯费米能级,可以对两个偏振的双带吸收峰波长进行调谐。此外,研究了介质层厚度和石墨烯劈裂环的物理参数对共振吸收峰的影响。因为在两个偏振状态下都能产生双带高吸收,所以此吸收器在太赫兹偏振成像、太赫兹传感、选择性光谱检测和偏振复用等领域有重要的潜在应用价值。     

基于石墨烯的网格型宽带可调谐太赫兹吸波器

该文提出了一种基于石墨烯的宽带可调谐吸波器,该器件是由网格型石墨烯结构、介质层及金属地板组成。采用CST软件对器件的性能进行了仿真分析,仿真结果显示,当石墨烯费米能级时,在2.97~3.74 THz内,器件对电磁波吸收率达90%。另一方面,器件的工作频率可通过改变石墨烯的费米能级进行动态调控。当石墨烯的费米能级从0.3 eV变到0.8 eV时,器件的工作频率在2.60~4.55 THz内调谐,相对调谐带宽为56%,且在整个调谐频率范围内,器件对电磁波的吸收率始终高于90%。此外,器件的工作性能对入射电磁波的偏振方向和入射角不敏感,因此,该器件在太赫兹成像、太赫兹检测和隐身技术等领域有潜在的应用价值。     

二维材料异质结增强的硅基太赫兹光调制器

研究了石墨烯/氮化硼二维异质结增强的硅基太赫兹波光调制器。利用太赫兹波时域谱系统和实验室自主搭建的太赫兹波动态测试系统分别测试了808 nm激光对太赫兹波的静态和动态调制。当照射在太赫兹波调制器上的激光功率从0增加至500 mW时,平均太赫兹波透过率从58%下降到13%,静态调制深度最高达到76%（500 mW）。动态测试获得的最大调制速度为15 kHz (100 mW)。实验结果表明,与单层石墨烯增强的硅基调制器相比,石墨烯/氮化硼异质结可以更大地提高硅对于太赫兹波的调制深度,并提升调制速度。     

等离子体鞘套中太赫兹波传输特性研究

采用散射矩阵方法(SMM)研究太赫兹波在非磁化、非均匀等离子体鞘套中的传输特性。在假定等离子体电子密度分布为双指数分布条件下,对太赫兹波斜入射等离子体时的功率反射系数、透射系数及吸收系数进行了仿真,还对其随太赫兹波的入射角度、太赫兹波的频率、等离子体的碰撞频率、等离子体分布形态的变化规律进行了总结。研究结果表明,在上述条件下,太赫兹波在等离子体中均有较好的传输特性。总体上来说,随着太赫兹波频率的提高,太赫兹波在等离子体中的透射性更好,可以考虑提升载频至太赫兹波段来解决通信黑障问题。     

太赫兹波光学参量效应放大特性的理论研究

针对太赫兹波光学参量效应中增益介质对太赫兹波强烈吸收的特点,提出光学参量效应中泵浦光、斯托克斯光和太赫兹波三波共线相互作用可以有效放大太赫兹波。以周期极化铌酸锂晶体为例,通过解耦合波方程,在不同的近似条件下分析了前向和后向太赫兹波的放大特性。计算结果表明,在太赫兹波吸收系数远大于太赫兹波增益系数的条件下,泵浦光、斯托克斯光和太赫兹波三波共线作用可以有效提高太赫兹波功率。分析结果对周期极化铌酸锂晶体光学参量振荡产生太赫兹波的实验研究提供深入和全面的理论基础。     

太赫兹衰减全内反射油品检测系统中的棱镜设计

为了获得油品在太赫兹波段的衰减全内反射光谱,实现对油品的在线检测,利用光的折射定律,对太赫兹衰减全内反射系统中的核心部件——衰减全内反射棱镜进行了设计和实验。设计了单次反射棱镜,根据不同物质对太赫兹波的吸收程度不同,将单次反射棱镜用于太赫兹衰减全内反射系统,并进行了水和成品油的测试实验,取得了样品的光谱数据;进一步设计了多次反射棱镜,以增加油品对太赫兹的吸收,并对其进行了光学仿真。结果表明,经过单次全内反射,油品对太赫兹的吸收非常有限,无法实现对成品油的检测。该研究对下一步的油品检测是有帮助的。     

A kind of graphene film metamaterial for terahertz absorbers

A kind of functional graphene thin film metamaterial on a metal-plane separated by a thick dielectric layer is designed for terahertz (THz) absorbers. We investigate the properties of the graphene metamaterial with different interlayers in the 0–3 THz range. The simulation results show that the absorption rate reaches up to 99.9% at the frequency of 1.917 THz. Changing the period to 80 μm×18 μm can get a narrow-band high quality factor (Q) absorber. We present a novel theoretical interpretation based on the standing wave field theory, which shows that the coherent superposition of incident and reflection rays produces standing waves, and the field energy is localized inside the thick spacers and dissipates through the metal-planes.