Study on preparation and properties ofbiofunctionally gradient coatingsw ith m agnetron cosputtering

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮ　　Ｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｃｏａｔｉｎｇａｎｄｔｈｅｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｍａｋｅｔｈｅｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｚｏｎｅｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｗｅａｋｅｓｔｚｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇｔｈｅａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎｏｆｃｏａｔｉｎｇｔｏｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｉｓａｌｗａｙｓａｎａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｖｅａｎｄａｃｔｉｖｅｆｉｅｌｄ〔１～４〕．Ａｎｄｔｈ…     

中华唐样吸虫（Tangiopsis chinensis（Tang，1951））（Trematoda：Hemiuridae）后期生活史研究

本文报告福建璋平中华唐样吸虫（Ｔａｎｇｉｏｐｓｉｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｔａｎｇ，１９５１））在第二中间宿主的发育，第二中间宿主为介虫Ｃｙｐｒｅｔｔａｓｐ．，Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｓｐ．，Ｄｏｌｅｒｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ，并对该吸虫后阶段发育进行观察描述。     

《外科和放射解剖学》杂志文题摘要

１ＭｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｓａｏｖａｌｉｓａｓａｎａｎａｔｏｍｉｃｂａｓｉｓｆｏｒｔｒａｎｓｅｐｔａｌｃａｔｈｅｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎＪ．Ｒｅｉｇ，Ｒ．Ｍｉｒａｐｅｒｉｘ，Ａ．ＪｏｒｎｅｔａｎｄＭ．Ｐｅｔｉｔ卵...     

介绍《人类孟德尔遗传》的作者Victor A．McKusick教授

介绍《人类孟德尔遗传》的作者ＶｉｃｔｏｒＡ．ＭｃＫｕｓｉｃｋ教授Ｖ．Ａ．ＭｃＫｕｓｉｃｋ教授，１９２１年出生于美国Ｍａｉｎｅ州。１９４６年毕业于美国著名的ＪｏｈｎｓＨｏｐｋｉｎｓ医学院。１９５２年在ＪｏｈｎｓＨｏｐｋｉｎｓ医院内科完成住院医师的训练后...     

《外科和放射解剖学》杂志文题摘要

１ＡｎａｔｏｍｉｃｂａｓｉｓｏｆｄｏｒｓｏｒａｄｉａｌａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｆｏｒｒａｄｉｏｕｌｎａｒｓｙｎｏｓｔｏｓｉｓＦ．Ｊｉｎ，Ｍ．Ｓｋｉｅ，Ｎ．Ａ．ＥｄｒａｈｅｉｍａｎｄＪ．Ｌｕ桡尺骨融合术背外侧入路的解剖基础为了确认暴露桡尺间膜同时又能保护骨间后...     

《外科和放射解剖学》杂志文题摘要

１ＡｎａｔｏｍｉｃｂａｓｉｓｏｆＴｏｎｎｉｓｔｒｉｐｌｅｐｅｌｖｉｃｏｓｔｅｏｔｏｍｙｆｏｒａｃｅｔｏｂｕｌａｒｄｙｓｐｌａｓｉａＤｅＫｌｅｕｖｅｒ，Ｍ．Ａ．Ｐ．Ｋｏｏｉｊｍａｎ，Ｊ．Ｍ．ＧＫａｕｅｒ，Ｍ．ＫｏｏｉｊｍａｎａｎｄＣ．Ａｌｆｅｒｉｎｋ...     

Clinical analysis on Quinton Mahurker single needle with bi cavities through femoral vein in 149 cases

ＡｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙｈｅｍｏｄｉａｌｙｓｉｓＡｃｃｅｓｉｓｕｓｕａｌｙｕｓｅｄｏｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｈｏｇｅｔａｃｕｔｅｐｏｉｓｏｎｉｎｇ,ａｃｕｔｅｒｅｎａｌｆａｉｌｕｒｅ（ＡＲＦ）,ｐｌａｓｍａｒｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ（Ｐ．Ｐ）,ｈｅｐａｔｉｃｃｏ...     

突触数密度Disector测量法的建立与计算机辅助分析的实现

目的 建立基于Ｄｉｓｅｃｔｏｒ技术的突触数密度定量研究方法;利用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ语言计算机辅助的突触数密度定量分析。方法 应用连续超薄切片技术和航向电镜技术观察并记录位于同一纵轴上的神经毡,选取已知距离的相邻平行电镜照片构成Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ Ｄｉｓｅｃｔｏｒ,依据Ｄｉｓｅｃｔｏｒ原理计算突触的数密度;以Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａ－ｓｉｃ４．０为开发工具,在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５平台上开发基于Ｄｉｓｅｃ     

用RAPD标记检测棘阿米巴基因组DNA多态性

本文用ＲＡＰＤ技术就我国首次分离到的棘阿米巴角膜炎病原体Ｗ株（ＥＣＮＵ－９２Ｗ１），同其它４个虫株（Ａｃａｎｔｈａｍｏｅｂａｐｏｌｙｐｈａｇａ，Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ，Ａ．ｐａｌｅｓｔｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）进行了分子分类的比较研究，并对各虫株的系统发生进行了初步探讨。虫株间的共享度各有差异，其中Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ和Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ最大，为０．６４５；Ｗ和Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ分别为０．６３６，０．６００；Ａ．ｐｏｌｙｐｈａｇａ和Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ及Ｗ分别为０．５７６，０．４７６，０．４７８；Ａ．ｐａｌｅｓｔｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ和Ａ．ｐｏｌｙｐｈａｇａ，Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ及Ｗ分别为０．２２５，０．２００，０．２７０，０．３０８。结合以往对形态学，同工酶和ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性内切酶分析的结果，进一步为Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ－Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ提供了分子证据，并将Ｗ株初步鉴定为此复合体     

v—sis和c—myc mRNA表达在脑膜瘤中的作用

本实验用原位杂交结合图像分析的方法对２８例脑膜瘤中ｖ－ｓｉｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的ｍＲＮＡ表达状况进行了定位，定位，定量研究。结果表明：ｖ－ｓｉｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ在脑膜瘤中的高表达率分别为２８．６％和４６．４％，说明它们的表达增高在脑膜瘤中都有一定作用。相关分析发现，两种瘤基因的ｍＲＮＡ表达只在纤维细胞型脑膜瘤中呈正相关，说明ｖ－ｓｉｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ协同表达在ＦＭ中具有特异性作用，也说明各组织分型的脑     

The Lower Limb Prosthesis Fitting for Non-ideal Stump

1.PrefaceLowerlimbprosthesisisusedbylowerlimbaxnputeetosubstitutethelostfunctionsofstandingandwalking.TheeffectofsubstitutefunctioniscloselylinkedwiththeconditionofthestUmp.AmputeeswhohaveidealstUmpcannotonlywalk,rimandjump,butparticipategames,whilethoseWhohavenon-idealstumpwillmeetlotsofdifficultiesinprosthesisfitting,thusspecialWaysshouldbetakenaccordingtodifferentconditionsofstUInp.Therefore,thispaperproposestheeffectivemethodsfornon-idealstUmPprosthesisfittingthloughthepast8.5yearsprac…     

带锚钉悬吊系统人工肌肉假体置入后的下肢增粗

背景：假体置入已成为下肢增粗的一个治疗方法,但是置入的假体由于运动和重力原因,发生撕裂、移位的可能性很大,假体置入肢体增粗尚需完善。 目的：回顾性分析假体置入隆臀、下肢增粗1例。 方法：39岁男性患者,因脊髓灰质炎后遗症致左下肢肌肉萎缩来院要求假体置入治疗。采用自行设计带Mitek GⅡ锚钉悬吊系统的人工肌肉假体置入进行下肢增粗治疗。 结果与结论：患者经假体置入后,不仅双下肢不对称得到基本纠正,而且锚钉悬吊系统的引入很好地解决了假体移位的问题。     

大腿假肢支撑期有限元分析

目的分析大腿截肢患者的硅胶套材料属性,对支撑期残肢与接受腔之间接触面的力学分布的影响,为大腿假肢适配方案中硅胶套的选取提供参考。方法利用计算机断层扫描技术获取大腿截肢患者残端与接受腔的断层图像,通过影像学信息和工程学方法,分别获取接受腔、硅胶套、残肢、骨骼等结构的三维模型;根据角度变化调整模型,获得初始接触期、负荷反应期、站立中期、站立末期、摆动前期5个时相的组装模型;根据三维动作捕捉系统Motion和Kistler三维测力平台测得的地面反作用力及髋关节角度变化的结果,对5个时相下大腿假肢模型分别进行有限元非线性接触分析;在此基础上,模拟分析了硅胶套不同弹性模量的变化对残肢表面等效应力以及剪切应力分布的影响。结果穿戴不同弹性模量的硅胶套时,残肢所受最大等效应力以及最大剪切应力在初始接触期、负荷反应期、站立中期、站立末期时相时出现在残肢内侧和接受腔口型边缘对应的残肢位置,在摆动前期时相时则出现在残肢内侧、接受腔口型边缘对应的残肢位置和坐骨周围等位置。当硅胶套弹性模量在0.98~2.70 MPa范围内变化时,在摆动前期残肢所受等效应力变化范围为13.85~23.55 k Pa,最大剪切应力变化范围为7.82~13.46 k Pa,而其他时相基本一致。结论硅胶套的力学特性影响大腿假肢残肢与接受腔之间接触面的受力分布,摆动前期残肢所受最大等效应力与最大剪切应力随硅胶套弹性模量变化大,在实际适配过程中需注意。     

Static and dynamic pressure prediction for prosthetic socket fitting assessment utilising an inverse problem approach

Objective

It has been recognised in a review of the developments of lower-limb prosthetic socket fitting processes that the future demands new tools to aid in socket fitting. This paper presents the results of research to design and clinically test an artificial intelligence approach, specifically inverse problem analysis, for the determination of the pressures at the limb/prosthetic socket interface during stance and ambulation.

Methods

Inverse problem analysis is based on accurately calculating the external loads or boundary conditions that can generate a known amount of strain, stresses or displacements at pre-determined locations on a structure. In this study a backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) is designed and validated to predict the interfacial pressures at the residual limb/socket interface from strain data collected from the socket surface. The subject of this investigation was a 45-year-old male unilateral trans-tibial (below-knee) traumatic amputee who had been using a prosthesis for 22 years.

Results

When comparing the ANN predicted interfacial pressure on 16 patches within the socket with actual pressures applied to the socket there is shown to be 8.7% difference, validating the methodology. Investigation of varying axial load through the subject's prosthesis, alignment of the subject's prosthesis, and pressure at the limb/socket interface during walking demonstrates that the validated ANN is able to give an accurate full-field study of the static and dynamic interfacial pressure distribution.

Conclusions

To conclude, a methodology has been developed that enables a prosthetist to quantitatively analyse the distribution of pressures within the prosthetic socket in a clinical environment. This will aid in facilitating the “right first time” approach to socket fitting which will benefit both the patient in terms of comfort and the prosthetist, by reducing the time and associated costs of providing a high level of socket fit.     

Prosthetic ambulation in a paraplegic patient with a transfemoral amputation and radial nerve palsy

Great importance and caution should be placed on prosthetic fitting for a paraplegic patient with an anesthetic residual limb if functional ambulation is to be achieved. The combination of paraplegia with a transfemoral amputation and radial nerve palsy is a complex injury that makes the rehabilitation process difficult. This article describes a case of L2 paraplegia with a transfemoral amputation and radial nerve palsy on the right side. Following the rehabilitation course, the patient independently walked using a walker at indoor level with a transfemoral prosthesis with ischial containment socket, polycentric knee assembly, endoskeletal shank and multiaxis foot assembly and a knee ankle foot orthosis on the sound side. The difficulties of fitting a functional prosthesis to an insensate limb and the rehabilitation stages leading to functional ambulation are reviewed.     

一种组合式个性化人工膝关节假体数字化设计方法

目的 提出一种组合式个性化人工膝关节假体结构,解决膝关节股骨肿瘤保肢手术由于截骨位置差异性较大,很难采用标准型人工膝关节假体满足个性化需求的问题。方法 首先将患部关节区域CT数据进行三维重建,并利用MRI增强扫描技术建立肿瘤的三维模型,再通过肿瘤模型与患部关节模型进行位置匹配,在三维模型上确定手术截骨位置,根据截骨尺寸设计个性化的股骨柄与标准股骨髁假体进行有效组合,形成一种组合式个性化人工膝关节假体。结果 根据本文设计方法的结果加工成型,骨科临床医生分析膝关节假体结构与人体膝关节生理结构相符,达到个性化假体设计要求,能够重建患者膝关节功能。结论 这种膝关节假体结构有利于降低个性化膝关节假体设计加工成本,缩短设计加工周期,有望提高患者生命质量。     

Interface load analysis for computer-aided design of below-knee prosthetic sockets

A finite-element analysis is made for the compression of soft tissues of the residual lower limb contained in a prosthetic socket. The analysis is relevant to static loading during stance in a patellar-tendon-bearing, below-knee design of socket. Values of Young's modulus are obtained experimentally for use in the model. One of the main objectives is to study the sensitivity of the loading to these values and also to other assumed conditions. Using direct pressure at the limb/socket interface and vertical stiffness as indicators, changes in material properties, socket alignment and socket rectification are investigated; assumptions about the frictional characteristic at the interface are seen to be critical in determination of load distribution. This type of analysis may provide the next stage of refinement for computeraided socket design systems.     

基于有限状态机的智能下肢假肢控制

背景：传统的下肢假肢行走状态改变时膝关节阻尼不能随之改变,假肢跟随性差,变化范围小。 目的：基于有限状态机的智能下肢假肢控制方法,实现假肢侧对健肢侧的实时跟踪和步速跟随。 方法：智能下肢假肢采用带固定式气缸阻尼器的四连杆机构,采用有限状态机的控制方法,感知当前的步态事件,触发步态状态的转变,调整对应的步态模式,得到步态规划的输出动作。 结果与结论：实验结果表明,智能下肢假肢能够进行步速识别和步态识别,控制器输出不同的控制策略,控制步进电机调整膝关节阻尼的大小,假肢侧能够对健肢侧进行实时跟踪和步速跟随。     

Finite element analysis for the evaluation of the structural behaviour,of a prosthesis for trans-tibial amputees

The finite element analysis (FEA) has been identified as a useful tool for the stress and strain behaviour determination in lower limb prosthetics. The residual limb and prosthetic socket interface was the main subject of interest in previous studies. This paper focuses on the finite element analysis for the evaluation of structural behaviour of the Sure-flex? prosthetic foot and other load-bearing components. A prosthetic socket was not included in the FEA. An approach for the finite element modelling including foot analysis, reverse engineering and material property testing was used. The foot analysis incorporated ground reaction forces measurement, motion analysis and strain gauge analysis. For the material model determination, non-destructive laboratory testing and its FE simulation was used. A new, realistic way of load application is presented along with a detailed investigation of stress distribution in the load-bearing components of the prosthesis. A novel approach for numerical and experimental agreement determination was introduced. This showed differences in the strain on the pylon between the experimental and the numerical model within 30% for the anteroposterior bending and up to 25% for the compression. The highest von Mises stresses were found on the foot–pylon connecting component at toe off. Peak stress of 216 MPa occurred on the posterior adjusting screw and maximum stress of 156 MPa was found at the neck of the male pyramid.     

Spherical center axial hinge knee prosthesis causes lower contact stress on tibial insert and bushing compared with biaxial hinge knee prosthesis

BackgroundMotion axial system may affect contact stress of hinge knee prosthesis. However, it is unclear which axial system provides the better biomechanical effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the contact stress and stress distribution on the tibial insert and the bushing of hinge knee prostheses with a biaxial (BA) system and a spherical center axial (SA) system during a gait cycle.MethodsThree-dimensional finite-element (FE) models of the prostheses with different motion systems were included. The comparisons between experimental tests and FE analyses were performed to verify the models. Dynamic implicit FE analyses were performed to investigate the peak contact stresses and stress distributions on the tibial insert and the bushing.ResultsThe peak contact stresses on the tibial insert and the bushing of the BA prosthesis were higher than those of the SA prosthesis during most gait cycles. The contact time on the bushing is short in the SA prosthesis. The stress distributions on the superior surface of the tibial insert in the BA prosthesis were at the posterior side, but of the SA prosthesis were not fixed.ConclusionThe SA prosthesis has a lower peak contact stress on tibial insert and bushing than the BA prosthesis; in addition, the SA prosthesis has a ‘self-adjustment’ mechanism which could disperse high stress on the tibial insert to decrease the risk of wear and damage. The comparison could help designers and surgeons to better understand the future design of rotating hinge knee prostheses which should be able to achieve multiaxial motion and complete weight bearing by the tibial condylar to transmit the axial force better.