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九香虫AspongopuschinensisDallas是一种药用资源昆虫,章士美等(1981、1985)对此虫作过初步研究[1,2]。我们于1991~1993年对其生物学进行了研究,意欲为其繁殖利用提供理论依据。1材料和方法1.1材料从湖南湘东、湖南、湘西各地十几个县市的越冬场所20处采回成虫,群体放入多个养虫笼(1m×1m×1m)内,笼中栽置南瓜,供其取食,成虫产卵后孵化的若虫,以不同龄期提供各项试验用。1.2方法①历期观察:将一批同时产下的卵和同时孵化的1龄若虫群体饲养,分别移到栽有南瓜和丝瓜的钵内后,放入恒温室中的自控恒温养虫箱内[(20±1)℃,… 相似文献
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随着全球气候变暖,部分地区茶园害虫扁刺蛾Thosea sinensis再次爆发,为有效提高对其野外识别和预测预报的水平,开展了不同发育阶段虫体的形态特征及其生物学特性初步观察。结果表明,扁刺蛾卵扁平、椭圆形,卵长2.41 mm、卵宽1.77 mm,卵壳有网状线纹结构。幼虫具3对胸足、无腹足,移动时腹部呈波浪状蠕动,老熟幼虫体重542.35 mg、体长21.76 mm、体宽13.30 mm。老熟幼虫结茧后于茧内化蛹,雌虫茧长、宽均显著大于雄虫茧。蛹期体色由乳黄色渐变为黄白色、褐色至灰黑色,复眼由乳黄色渐变为红色至黑色,雌蛹体重〖JP2〗446.95 mg,显著高于雄蛹363.32 mg。成虫体灰褐色,前翅近2/3处有一褐色横带,雌成虫体长15.23 mm显著大于雄成虫13.55 mm。扁刺蛾在江西地区1年发生2~3代,第3代发生率仅为1.37%,该虫野外被寄生率为4.66%。 相似文献
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樟个木虱形态特征及生物学特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
樟个木虱Triozacamphorae是近年来上海地区香樟上发生的一种新害虫。作者对其形态和生物学特性进行了研究。樟个木虱在上海以 1年发生 2代为主 ,偶发 3代。樟个木虱以低龄若虫在叶片上越冬 ,3月下旬至 4月上旬越冬代羽化 ;第 1代开始于 3月下旬 ,羽化高峰在 6月份 ;第 2代开始于 5月下旬 ,并主要以该代若虫越冬 ;第 3代若虫偶发 ,开始于 7月上旬 ,以若虫越冬。樟个木虱第 1代若虫的平均发育历期为 5 0 72d,1~ 5龄若虫的历期分别为 :1 8 .3 1± 2 .2 1d ,1 4. 90± 9. 92d,6 .1 1± 2 . 2 0d,5 .80±3 . 61d ,5 60± 1 5 1d。成虫的寿命为 3~ 1 1d ,平均寿命为 6 41d。樟个木虱的产卵量为 3 9. 1粒 雌虫。2 4℃下 ,卵历期 5~ 7d不等 ,平均为 5. 3 4± 0 . 5 7d ,卵平均孵化率为 83 . 7%。樟个木虱低龄若虫中 3龄若虫最耐高温 ,其次为 2龄若虫 ,1龄若虫最不耐高温。 相似文献
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黑肾卷裙夜蛾Plecoptera oculata Moore是我国南方珍贵树种降香黄檀Dalbergia odorifera种植区的一种食叶性害虫。【目的】初步研究黑肾卷裙夜蛾的形态特征、生物学特性以及生活史等问题。【方法】通过室内观察和野外调查,数据精确测量与统计,总结与分析了黑肾卷裙夜蛾的形态、生物学特性等问题。【结果】黑肾卷裙夜蛾幼虫6龄,黑肾卷裙夜蛾一个世代发育需要(41.64±1.59)d,越冬代约为120 d,室内饲养存活率为61.37%±0.80%,其中卵发育历期(7.53±0.40)d,孵化率为(86.67%±1.43)%,幼虫发育历期为(18.42±0.41)d,存活率为61.30%±1.21%,蛹期为(8.67±0.58)d,羽化率为75.55%±1.14%,成虫寿命为(7.02±0.78)d,存活率为74.44%±1.12%,该虫在广东地区一年发生可以发生7~8代,且具有世代重叠现象。【结论】通过了解该虫的生物学特性,为切实可行的防控黑肾卷裙夜蛾提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《昆虫知识》2019,(5)
【目的】明确柠条重要食叶害虫四线奇尺蛾天津亚种Chiasmia saburraria richardsi的生物学特性,为进一步做好害虫防控提供科学依据。【方法】结合野外调查和室内饲养的方法,观察记录了四线奇尺蛾天津亚种的生长发育过程及行为特性。【结果】四线奇尺蛾天津亚种在宁夏地区1年发生2代,世代重叠明显。在8月底开始以蛹在10 cm浅层土内越冬,越冬代成虫次年5月中旬始见,5月下旬第1代卵开始孵化,7月初第一代老熟幼虫开始化蛹,蛹期是10d,7月中旬第2代成虫开始羽化,7月下旬第2代幼虫出现,8月下旬第2代老熟幼虫开始化蛹,越冬蛹期为260 d左右。常见捕食性天敌有蠋蝽、日本弓背蚁和沙泥蜂,寄生性天敌有白僵菌。【结论】四线奇尺蛾天津亚种C.s.richardsi是一种危害柠条的食叶害虫。 相似文献
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李培堪;杨海飞;李勇辉;陈文华;艾薇;柳青 《应用昆虫学报》2025,(1):163-171
【目的】九香虫Aspongopus chinensis是一种在我国应用历史悠久、价值极高的药食同源重要资源昆虫,为明确不同寄主植物对九香虫生长发育的影响,以及其规模化人工饲养提供基础参考依据。【方法】选择葫芦科佛手瓜、南瓜、苦瓜和黄瓜4种瓜类植物为供试材料,将野外采集的初代九香虫在室外饲养繁殖后,以次代九香虫为供试虫源,观察记录九香虫若虫不同龄期的生长发育历期、存活率,测量九香虫成虫体长、体宽、体重、前胸背板长和前胸背板宽5个外部形态指标。【结果】(1)黄瓜为寄主植物的九香虫在达到2龄若虫时全部死亡;以苦瓜为寄主植物的九香虫除1龄若虫外,其余4个龄期的发育历期都比佛手瓜和南瓜为寄主植物的长;以佛手瓜为寄主植物的九香虫除2龄和4龄若虫外,其余龄期的发育历期都比南瓜为寄主植物的短;从九香虫整个若虫发育阶段来看,以佛手瓜为寄主植物的生长发育总历期最短,苦瓜为寄主植物的最长。(2)九香虫若虫在不同寄主植物饲养下的存活率表现为佛手瓜(83.33%)>南瓜(63.33%)>苦瓜(36.67%),以佛手瓜为寄主植物的存活率最高。(3)以佛手瓜和南瓜为寄主植物的九香虫成虫在体长、体宽、前胸背板宽和体重4个形态指标方面与苦瓜为寄主植物的均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),在前胸背板长方面存在显著差异(P<0.05);以佛手瓜与南瓜2种寄主植物饲养的九香虫成虫5个形态指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】4种瓜类植物对九香虫若虫生长发育历期和成虫外部形态特征均有显著影响。在保山地区,当室外饲养繁殖次代九香虫寄主植物发生变化时,利用南瓜为寄主植物饲养九香虫的效果要优于黄瓜和苦瓜,而佛手瓜仍是九香虫较理想的寄主植物。 相似文献
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【目的】明确海南紫斑环蝶Thaumantis hainana各龄期的形态特征和生物学特性以及寄主植物。【方法】野外采集海南紫斑环蝶雌成虫,通过三角袋内套卵的方式获得受精卵。采用恒温饲养箱,在26℃、相对湿度40%、光周期16L∶8D下利用获得的卵供以美丽针葵Phoenix loureirii,饲养幼虫,并进行形态特征的观察,记录其各龄幼虫的体长与头壳宽,以及其他各龄期的部分形态学数据。【结果】海南紫斑环蝶共经历卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫4个龄期。卵圆球状,光滑,直径2.5~2.8 mm;幼虫5龄, 随着幼虫龄期的增长,体长与头壳宽度逐渐增加;悬蛹;成虫雌雄同型。【结论】本研究基本明确了海南紫斑环蝶各龄期的形态特征,并观察了部分生物学特性,确定了海南紫斑环蝶的一种寄主植物为美丽针葵,完善了该物种的基本资料。 相似文献
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【目的】近年来巨膜长蝽Jakowleffia setulosa(Jakovlev)由以往稳定种群的荒漠昆虫上升为暴发性发生并迁移至农区危害的农业害虫。由于缺乏对巨膜长蝽基础生物学的相关研究,对其开展监测预警和农业防治存在困难。开展巨膜长蝽个体生物学研究,填补研究空白对于有效监测预报和防控提供可靠的依据,同时能为下一步分析巨膜长蝽成灾规律提供基础数据。【方法】本文通过室内观察和野外调查相结合,系统阐明该种形态特征、生活史、习性和行为等生物学特性。【结果】巨膜长蝽在宁夏中部干旱带一年发生2代,5月中旬和10月中下旬是两个发生高峰期,6月中旬至8月中旬以成虫进入滞育状态,11月下旬以成虫越冬;雌成虫的平均寿命为(32.14±2.34)d,雄成虫的平均寿命为(28.00±3.13)d,雌雄性比为1︰1.9,有多次交尾多次产卵的习性,每头雌虫抱卵量10粒左右,平均产卵量10~15粒左右;食性杂,群居危害,喜食白茎盐生草(Halogeton arachnoideus)等沙生草本植物的种子。【结论】该虫具有以成虫形态越冬和滞育、迁移性强等生物学特性。在生态环境发生较大变动后,能够经历逆境后迅速恢复种群并迁移危害。宁夏中南部地区种植结构调整,极大改变了该地区的荒漠生态环境,促使巨膜长蝽在经过夏季高温滞育恢复种群后无法获得足够野生寄主的情况下,大规模迁入农田系统危害。 相似文献
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Houping Liu 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2021,145(7):635-647
The northern walkingstick, Diapheromera femorata (Say), is the only stick insect of economic importance native to the United States. Young nymphs feed on various understory shrubs and trees whereas older nymphs and adults prefer oaks and cherries. Occasionally, field populations reach outbreak levels and cause complete tree defoliation. Widespread damage rarely occurs except those reported from Michigan (1930–1960), Wisconsin (1950–1960) and Arkansas and Oklahoma (1960–1975) where thousands to tens of thousands of hectares of trees were affected. The most recent infestations were detected in Arkansas, Maryland, and Pennsylvania with severe damage observed in localized areas. The morphology, life stages, host species, damage, biology, life history, natural enemies and management of this insect were reviewed. Host preference and insect predation were confirmed in Pennsylvania. Other notable stick insects in the United States and economically important species around the world are discussed to raise awareness about the ecological impacts of this understudied group of mostly nocturnal herbivores. 相似文献
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The host plant, oviposition behavior and larval ecology of Profenusa japonica Togashi are reported for the first time. Adults of P. japonica mated and oviposited on a polyantha rose, Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae), in April. Each female adult laid an egg on the edge of a leaflet. Hatched larvae consumed the parenchymatous layer of leaflets and in so doing created a mine. The larval stage comprised five instars. On average, 70.6% of the total area of a leaflet was consumed by one larva. Female adults of P. japonica laid eggs singly, probably to avoid larval competition for food. 相似文献
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【目的】角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis是五倍子蚜的主要生产种,深入了解角倍蚜越冬若蚜的生物学习性,揭示田间无土植藓条件下越冬若蚜的种群动态,可以为进一步降低若蚜越冬的死亡率,提高五倍子产量提供依据。【方法】在田间以无纺布为基质种植侧枝匐灯藓Plagiomnium maximoviczii培育越冬若蚜,定期采集带不同龄期角倍蚜的藓块带回实验室,利用数码显微系统连续观测和记录越冬期间若蚜的行为习性、形态特征、种群动态和龄期分布等,并连续测量越冬期间侧枝匐灯藓的藓层厚度和覆盖率。【结果】角倍蚜秋迁蚜以卵胎生方式产生若蚜,若蚜在侧枝匐灯藓的拟叶基部分泌蜡丝包裹自身并形成蜡球,在蜡球内取食和越冬。每个蜡球内通常有1头若蚜。越冬若蚜从1-4龄,体色由淡黄色逐渐加深至深褐色,体长和体宽随龄期的增加而增加,分别从1龄若蚜552.92±16.95和94.70±11.52μm增加到4龄若蚜的1 205.25±10.75和593.15±7.66 μm。越冬期间若蚜的平均种群密度从10月中旬的13.10×104头/m2降至翌年3月的1.05×104头/m2,总死亡率高达91.98%。越冬若蚜个体间的发育进度很不整齐,并与当地的气温变化密切相关。若蚜越冬期间侧枝匐灯藓的厚度和覆盖率逐步增加。【结论】越冬若蚜体长和体宽可作为角倍蚜龄期鉴别的主要指标。田间越冬期间角倍蚜若蚜的总死亡率很高,其中越冬初期和中期若蚜转移寄生期的死亡率较其他阶段高。 相似文献
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卵形异绒螨的形态和生活史研究(真螨目:绒螨科) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
卵形异绒螨Allothrombium ovatum Zhang et Xin,1992是我国北方地区棉蚜Aphis gossypii Giover,1877的一种外寄生性天敌。通过室内饲养和田间观察结果表明:该螨一年发生一代,以卵在土壤内越冬。在年平均温度13.7℃条件下,其卵、前幼螨、幼螨、若蛹、若螨、成蛹和成螨的发育历期平均为220.8d、19.5d、22.0 d、12.0 d、13.0 d、13.0 d和59.O d。另外,本文还对卵形异绒螨主要虫态的形态和习性进行了描述和研究。 相似文献
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斑痣悬茧蜂对斜纹夜蛾不同虫龄幼虫的选择及后代发育表现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究容性寄生蜂对不同龄期寄主幼虫的选择性及其子代蜂发育表现的关联,通过双选试验观察了斑痣悬茧蜂(Meteorus pulchricornis)对斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)不同虫龄幼虫的寄生选择,并观察了与子代蜂适合度相关的特性表现.结果表明:斑痣悬茧蜂在4龄与5龄之间未表现出偏好,在2龄和3龄、3龄和4龄之间显著偏好较低虫龄;结茧率在不同寄主虫龄间无显著差异,羽化率随寄主虫龄增大而减小,寄生2、3龄幼虫的子代蜂显著高于寄生5龄;寄生5龄幼虫的子代蜂死亡率比寄生2龄的高2.5倍,比寄生3龄的高5.4倍.寄生3龄幼虫的子代蜂发育历期最短(11.9 d),比寄生4龄幼虫的短6.8 d,比寄生2龄幼虫的短4.7 d;子代蜂体型大小在寄生的寄主虫龄间无显著差异.根据研究结果推测,斑痣悬茧蜂在寄生时可能不是根据寄主龄期来评价寄主品质,而是基于寄主体型大小进行评价. 相似文献
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黄连木种子小蜂的生物学特性和发生规律 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过田间及室内饲养观察,黄连木种子小蜂EurytomaplotnikoviNikolskaya在河南省太行山区为1年发生1代,以老熟幼虫在被害果内过冬。翌年4月中旬开始化蛹,5月下旬至6月上旬为成虫羽化产卵的盛期。幼虫5月中旬开始孵化,在果内取食至8月中、下旬老熟越冬。成虫在果壳内停留4~5d,出壳后成虫寿命:雄虫3~7d,雌虫4~17d,产卵前期3.7d。平均产卵量35.4粒,卵期3~4d。幼虫共5龄,预蛹期4~5d,蛹期8~10d,蛹期发育过程中形态变化的阶段性分为4级。成虫交尾产卵的最适温度为23~25℃,化蛹、羽化较适宜的湿度为65%~70%。 相似文献
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Evan M. Bredeweg Anita T. Morzillo Lindsey L. Thurman Tiffany S. Garcia 《Ecology and evolution》2019,9(3):1278-1288
Animal movement and dispersal are key factors in population dynamics and support complex ecosystem processes like cross‐boundary subsidies. Juvenile dispersal is an important mechanism for many species and often involves navigation in unfamiliar habitats. For species that metamorphose, such as amphibians, this transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments involves the growth and use of new morphological traits (e.g., legs). These traits strongly impact the fundamental ability of an organism to move in novel landscapes, but innate behaviors can regulate choices that result in the realized movements expressed. By assessing the integrative role of morphology and behavior, we can improve our understanding of juvenile movement, particularly in understudied organisms like amphibians. We assessed the roles of morphological (snout‐vent length and relative leg length) and performance (maximal jump distance) traits in shaping the free movement paths, measured through fluorescent powder tracking, in three anuran species, Pacific treefrog (Hyliola regilla), Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas), and Cascades frog (Rana cascadae). We standardized the measurement of these traits to compare the relative role of species' innate differences versus physical traits in shaping movement. Innate differences, captured by species identity, were the most significant factor influencing movement paths via total movement distance and path sinuosity. Relative leg length was an important contributor but significantly interacted with species identity. Maximal jump performance, which was significantly predicted by morphological traits, was not an important factor in movement behavior relative to species identity. The importance of species identity and associated behavioral differences in realized movement provide evidence for inherent species differences being central to the dispersal and movement of these species. This behavior may stem from niche partitioning of these sympatric species, yet it also calls into question assumptions generalizing anuran movement behavior. These species‐level effects are important in framing differences as past research is applied in management planning. 相似文献
18.
Jennifer M. Bosco Susan E. Riechert Brian C. O'Meara 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2017,123(9):648-658
Trait consistency over time is one of the cornerstones of animal personality. Behavioral syndromes are the result of correlations between behaviors. While repeatability in behavior is not a requirement for behavioral syndromes, the two concepts studied together provide a more comprehensive understanding of how behavior can change over ontogeny. The roles of ontogenetic processes in the emergence of personality and behavioral syndromes have received much individual attention. However, the characterization of both individual trait consistency and behavioral syndromes across both sexes, as in our study, has been relatively rare. Ontogeny refers to changes that occur from conception to maturation, and juveniles might be expected to undergo different selection pressures than sexually mature individuals and also will experience profound changes in hormones, morphology, and environment during this period. In this study, we test for behavioral trait consistency and behavioral syndromes across six time points during ontogenetic development in the desert funnel‐web spider (Agelenopsis lisa). Our results indicate behavioral traits generally lack consistency (repeatability) within life stages and across ontogeny. However, penultimate males and mature females do exhibit noticeable mean‐level changes, with greater aggressive responses toward prey, shorter latencies to explore their environment and in the exhibition of risk‐averse responses to predatory cues. These traits also show high repeatability. Some trait correlations do exist as well. In particular, a strong correlation between aggressiveness toward prey and exploration factors is observed in mature males. However, because correlations among these factors are unstable across ontogeny and vary in strength over time, we conclude that behavioral syndromes do not exist in this species. Nevertheless, our results indicate that increased consistency, increasing average trait values, and varying correlations between traits may coincide with developmentally important changes associated with sexual maturation, albeit at different time points in males and females. This period of the life cycle merits systematic examination across taxa. 相似文献
19.
2004~2005年,在陕西省南部米仓山黎坪国家森林公园研究了秦岭蝎蛉Panorpa qinlingensis Chou et Ran的年生活史和生物学习性,通过饲养,成功获得卵、幼虫、蛹等虫态。结果表明,秦岭蝎蛉在米仓山1年发生2代,以预蛹在土室里越冬,5月中旬始见越冬代成虫,5月中旬末~6月上句为越冬代成虫羽化盛期,7月下旬~8月中句为第1代成虫羽化盛期,成虫在室内可存活35~60d。羽化近1周后开始交尾,交尾4~8d后开始产卵,单雌产卵量35~180粒,卵期5~9d;幼虫蝴型,共4龄。历期38~50d;蛹为强颚离蛹,蛹期8—18d。记述了主要生物学习性。 相似文献