低温制备混晶TiO2纳米粒子及其光催化性能研究

通过低温液相合成混合晶型纳米TiO2颗粒,研究纳米TiO2颗粒的光催化活性与颗粒晶相组成之间关系.用XRD对其进行表征,并在紫外光下,以甲基橙光催化降解为模型反应,研究了不同晶相样品的光催化活性.结果表明:混合晶相中锐钛矿质量分数占69.8%、金红石质量分数占30.2%,TiO2光催化效用最好可达95.7%.     

混晶结构纳米TiO2粉的光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源制备混晶结构纳米TiO2粉,研究了纳米TiO2的光催化活性与颗粒晶相结构之间的关系．结果表明,当金红石相的质量分数少于18．53％,光催化活性随着金红石相的增多而降低;当金红石相的质量分数为18．53％-28．2％时,随着金红石相的增多,光催化活性逐渐增强,在28．2％附近具有最高的光催化活性,与纯锐钛矿结构纳米TiO2粉的光催化活性相当;金红石相含量继续增加,则光催化活性逐渐降低．适量金红石相的存在有利于锐钛矿相中的电荷分离,使光催化活性提高．     

锐钛矿型TiO2纳米粉体的电化学沉淀法制备及其表征

利用阴离子交换膜为隔膜将电解槽分为两室,控制阴极室电极的恒定电流密度,在电解过程中消耗阴极室溶液中的H+浓度,促使TiO2+与电解产生的OH-中和水解反应,形成TiO2.xH2O均匀沉淀,在不同温度的热处理后,得到不同晶型的纳米TiO2微粒.TEM和XRD分析表明在773K焙烧2h后,TiO2微粒呈锐钛矿型结构,粒径约为30～50nm;在873K热处理后可得到金红石相约占3.85%的锐钛矿型和金红石型混晶结构的TiO2粉体.本文对其形成的机理进行了初步的探讨.     

煅烧温度对二氧化钛纳米晶性能的影响

研究了不同煅烧温度下,锐钛矿相、混晶和金红石相二氧化钛纳米晶的 粒径、比表面积和吸收光谱的变化。经相同的温度煅烧后,金红石相二氧化钛纳米晶的生长速率和比表面积下降速率均大大高于锐钛矿相,表明高温反应或煅烧难以获得金红石相纳米晶,真空热处理的金红石相二氧化钛纳米晶可以保持较高的比表面积和较小的粒径,但易导致非化学配比、晶格缺陷并降低了粉体的性能。     

进气条件对TiO2纳米颗粒晶型与粒径的影响

采用火焰CVD法,在丙烷/空气扩散火焰中氧化前驱物(TiCl4)制备纳米二氧化钛颗粒.对不同进气条件下所生成TiO2纳米颗粒的粒径与晶型进行研究.在实验中共讨论了4种不同的进气条件.结果发现丙烷与空气流速决定火焰的温度}随着载气流速的升高,金红石型TiO2颗粒的含量降低,但是粒径大小几乎没有什么变化;而TiCl4流速对晶型含量的影响不大,TiCl4流速越高,颗粒粒径越大.     

双微乳液法制备掺杂Fe~(3+)的纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能

为了研究双微乳液法在制备纳米级光催化剂的应用,以TiCl4和NH3.H2O为原料,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-正丁醇-环己烷-水微乳体系制备Fe3+掺杂纳米TiO2,对粉末的晶体结构进行X射线衍射表征,并以其对p-甲酚的降解考察其光催化活性。结果表明,在较小的掺杂量时,Fe3+掺杂量的提高可以提高TiO2的光催化活性,进一步提高掺杂量将引起光催化活性的降低;掺杂Fe3+可导致纳米TiO2的粒径减小;Fe3+的半径较小以及Fe2O3的熔点较低均有利于TiO2从锐钛矿向金红石的相变;当Fe3+掺杂摩尔分数为0.06%,煅烧温度为550℃时,纳米TiO2的光催化活性最高,此时形成TiO2的锐钛矿和金红石相的混晶;乳液中含水量也会影响晶相的组成和粒径大小,随着含水量增加产物中出现了一定比例的金红石相。     

纳米TiO2光催化剂的电化学法制备及其表征

采用有机电解-溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂,通过XRD、TEM、TG-DTA、激光粒度分析法等对纳米TiO2的结构相变、表面形貌、颗粒大小等进行了表征.实验表明:当热处理温度低于350℃时,TiO2的晶相结构均为锐钛型,颗粒大小在25nm以下,样品的比表面积大于65m2*g-1;热处理温度为400℃时,TiO2的晶相结构出现锐钛型和金红石型混合相,颗粒大小在35nm以下,样品比表面积为46.43m2*g-1,实验制备的粉体样品属于纳米级水平;实验测试了各焙烧温度下粉体样品的光催化活性.     

酸性条件下金红石型TiO2纳米单晶的直接合成

以TiCl4为主要原料,通过压力热晶法在300～400℃酸性条件下直接制备金红石型的TiO2纳米单晶,并通过TEM,XRD,HRTEM,FFT等技术手段对TiO2纳米晶的结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明:高温和高压下有利于TiO2结晶成型.TEM显示:制备得到的TiO2纳米晶具有四方型结构外观,尺寸为十几到几百纳米,高温灼烧后纳米晶型不发生变化.XRD显示:制备得到的TiO2纳米晶是金红石型结构.     

板钛矿相对TiO2纳米晶相转变的影响研究

本文以Ti(O BU) 4为前驱体 ,采用溶胶 凝胶工艺制备了TiO2 纳米晶。通过X 射线衍射 (XRD)分析证明了所制备的锐钛矿相TiO2 纳米晶中含有一些板钛矿相 ,发现在较低的热处理温度下 ,TiO2 纳米晶就发生了相转变 ,并且板钛矿 金红石相转变的过程比锐钛矿 金红石相转变过程快 ;同时锐钛矿相的晶胞常数c的变化似乎部分归因于有板钛矿相的存在。差热 热重同步分析 (DTA TGA)表明 ,在 36 0～ 5 0 0°C之间 ,可以观察到板钛矿 锐钛矿相转变的存在。最后对TiO2 纳米晶中含有的板钛矿相对锐钛矿 金红石相转变的作用机制进行了简要的分析。     

Fe、S共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以硫脲和三氯化铁为掺杂剂,制备了Fe-TiO2、S-TiO2和S-Fe-TiO2纳米光催化剂.通过XRD、SEM等方法对掺杂纳米TiO2进行了表征,以甲基橙为模型化合物对纳米TiO2粉体的光催化活性进行了评价.结果表明;纯TiO2、掺Fe-TiO2粉体全部为锐钛矿相,S-TiO2粉体中金红石相占8.1%,S-Fe-TiO2粉体中金红石相占26.9%.S和Fe、S共掺杂引起金红石相变温度的降低.掺Fe的纳米TiO2粉体粒子团聚少,分散要均匀,掺S和Fe、S共掺的TiO2粉体颗粒团聚现象较严重.S-TiO2和Fe-TiO2光催化荆在紫外光和日光灯下光催化活性都较好,而Fe-S-TiO2光催化活性没有提高.     

Effects of Additive AlCl3 on Crystal Phase, Particle Size and Microstructural Parameters of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Prepared by HF-PCVD

Nanocrystalline TiO2 was prepared by high frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition (HF-PCVD). The effects of additive AlCl3 on crystal phase, particle size and microstructurai parameters of TiO2 nanocrystallites were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanocrystallites obtained experimentally are mixture of anatase and rutile, the uniform diameters of particles are about 30 nm. The phase transformation from anatase to rutile was accelerated by AlCl3, and rutile content is increased from 26.7 wt pct to 53.6 wt pct with increasing of addition of AlCl3 from 0.0 wt pct to 5.0 wt pct. The particle size is reduced and the size distribution becomes very narrow. The crystal lattice constants have the trend to decrease, and celi volumes appear as shrinkable     

Effect of Microstructure on Electrorheological Property for Pure TiO2 Particle Material

Pure titanium dioxide （TiO2） particle materials were prepared by hydrolyzing titanium tetrachloride （TiCl4）. The microstructures of these materials were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, accelerated surface area and porosimetry apparatus （BET）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The TiO2 materials obtained by calcinations under different temperatures distinctly revealed different microstructures in crystal structure type, surface area, pore size, pore volume and grain size. The relationship between the microstructure of the TiO2 materials and their electrorheological （ER） activity was investigated. Anatase titania particles have better ER performance than rutile titania particles. Amorphous TiO2 materials display higher ER activity than the crystalline titania materials. A large pore volume can be more advantageous in improving the ER effect of a particle material.     

Effect of Microstructure on Electrorheological Property for Pure Particle Material

Pure titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle materials were prepared by hydrolyzing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The microstructures of these materials were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), accelerated surface area and porosimetry apparatus (BET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TiO2 materials obtained by calcinations under different temperatures distinctly revealed different microstructures in crystal structure type, surface area, pore size, pore volume and grain size. The relationship between the microstructure of the TiO2 materials and their electrorheological (ER) activity was investigated. Anatase titania particles have better ER performance than rutile titania particles. Amorphous TiO2 materials display higher ER activity than the crystalline titania materials. A large pore volume can be more advantageous in improving the ER effect of a particle material.     

微混合沉淀技术制备纳米TiO2颗粒

以Ti(SO4)2为分散相，NH4HCO3为连续相，通过膜分散实现液液的微混合沉淀，从而制备纳米TiO2晶体颗粒、分别研究了两种反应物浓度和流量对制备的TiO2颗粒的影响，并利用XRD和TEM分别对所得颗粒的晶型和形态进行了表征．实验结果表明，制得的颗粒具有球形度高，粒径小，分布范围窄，且为锐钛矿结构的特点．TiO2的晶粒粒度和颗粒粒径随Ti(SO4)2和NH4HCO3浓度的上升，先有所上升再下降；随Ti(SO4)2流量的上升而下降；随NH4HCO3流量的上升而上升．微混合沉淀技术是一种很好的控制颗粒粒径、且连续化沉淀制备TiO2超细颗粒的新方法。     

Nanostructured TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells prepared by the sol-gel method

TiO2 films were prepared on glass substrates using the sol-gel process for a dye-sensitized solar cell application. The TiO2 sol was prepared using hydrolysis/polycondensation. Titanium (IV) Tetra Isopropoxide (TTIP) was used as precursor and Nitric acid (HNO3) was used as a catalyst for the peptization. The crystal structure and morphology of the prepared materials were characterized by XRD, and an SEM. The observations confirmed the nanocrystalline nature of the TiO2. The reaction parameters, such as the catalyst concentrations, the calcination time, and the calcination temperature were varied during the synthesis in order to achieve nanosize TiO2 particles. The prepared TiO2 particles were coated onto FTO glass using a screen printing technique. The prepared TiO2 films were characterized by UV-vis. The TiO2 particles calcinated at low temperatures showed an anatase phase they grew into a rutile phase when the calcination temperature increased. The size and structure of the TiO2 particles were adjusted to specific surface areas. It was found that the conversion efficiency of the DSSC was highly affected by the properties of the TiO2 particles.     

Sol-Gel法制备纳米TiO2过程中水解pH值的影响及其性能表征

采用钛酸四异丙酯[Ti(i-OC3H7)4]水解法制备纳米TiO2粉体，水解过程中有很多参数对纳米TiO2的特征产生影响，通过控制制备过程中的水解pH值，可以得到不同粒径和不同晶型的纳米TiO2粉体，本文主要探讨了纳米TiO2晶型转变的条件和晶粒度Dhkl随pH值变化的趋势，并利用XRD，TEM对粉体颗粒的形貌，大小，物相组成进行分析，XRD分析研究表明，纳米的A→R相变和水解pH值密切相关。     

TiO_2纳米粒子的结构、表面特性及其光催化活性研究

采用金属醇盐水解法制备了ＴiＯ２纳米粒子,并用ＸＲＤ、ＳＰＳ、ＸＰＳ和ＥＳＲ等测试手段对ＴiＯ２粒子进行结构、性能测试．随焙烧温度的增加,ＴiＯ２粒子长大,晶型由锐钛矿向金红石型转变．以庚烷的气相光催化氧化为试验反应,考察不同温度处理的醇洗、水洗ＴiＯ２粒子的光催化活性．结果表明,醇洗粒子较水洗粒子显示出高的光催化活性,并且低温处理的粒子其光伏响应带边蓝移明显;阈值增加,Ｔｉ３＋含量较高,光催化活性增加．