吡虫啉防治柑桔黑刺粉虱,蚜虫试验

本文报道了吡虫啉在柑桔上的应用结果。用１０％吡虫啉２５００－１００００倍液喷雾一次，对柑桔黑刺粉虱防效达９１．１－１００％，对桔蚜防效达８５．３－１００％，持效期３０天以上，明显优于水胺硫磷和氧乐果。     

吡虫啉防治柑桔红蜘蛛试验

田间试验证明,吡虫啉对柑桔红蜘蛛具有较好的防治效果,吡虫啉１０、３０、５０ｇａ．ｉ．／ｈｍ＾２,施药后四周防效仍达９０％以上,并有明显的增产作用。     

吡虫啉及其混配防治稻虱及稻纵卷叶螟

田间试验结果表明，吡虫啉具有对稻虱击倒力强、持效期长、防效高而对天敌安全的特点。在稻虱低龄若虫高峰期，亩用吡虫啉１０～３０克，药后２天防效达９２．４～１００％，而噻嗪酮仅为４７．７％。药后３２天调查，吡虫啉对稻虱仍保持很高防效且对蜘蛛杀伤率低。在亩用１０～２０克防治稻虱适宜剂量下，可混配杀虫单每亩３０～３５克，以兼治稻纵卷叶螟。     

吡虫啉防治大豆蚜

小区试验证明,吡虫啉对大豆蚜具有较高的防治效果,每公顷用吡虫啉有效成分１５、２２．５、３０、４５ｇ,施药后４周防效仍达７０％以上。以每公顷用量２２．５、３０ｇ进行大面积示范,药后４周平均防效分别为８４．０、８６．７％,产量比氧乐果处理区分别提高９．１、１０．９％。     

镀锌层银盐黑色钝化工艺

在含ＡｇＮＯ３０．５～１ｇ／Ｌ，ＣｒＯ３５～１０ｇ／Ｌ，Ｈ２ＳＯ４０．５～１ｍｌ／Ｌ，光泽控制剂１０～２５ｍＬ／Ｌ的钝化液中处理镀锌层，可获得结合力良好、光亮的黑色钝化膜。     

吡虫啉及其混配防治稻虱及稻纵卷叶暝

田间试验结果表明，吡虫啉具有对稻虱击倒力强，持效期长，防效高而对天敌安全的特点。在稻虱低龄若虫高峰期，亩用吡虫啉１０－３０克，药后２天防效达９２．４－１００％，而噻嗪酮仅为４７．７％。药后３２天调查，吡虫啉对稻仍保持很高防效且对蜘蛛杀伤率低。在亩用１０－２０克防治稻虱适宜剂量下，可混配杀虫单每亩３０－３５克，以兼治稻纵地暝。     

吡虫啉防治稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的应用研究

本文报道了吡虫啉防治水稻稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的应用结果。吡虫啉对稻飞虱有特效。在若早高峰期，每亩用１０％可湿性粉剂１０－３０克，水６０克，药后１天防铲在７１．８－９０．４％，药后３天灰８９．５－９６．４％，药后３０天防铲维持在９１－９８．８％，持铲期在３０天以上。防铲明显优于甲胺磷，噻嗪酮和杀螟虱。具有击倒力强和持效期长的特点。     

10%吡虫啉防治棉蚜药效试验

１０％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂是一种高效、低毒、超高内吸型杀虫剂，对抗药性棉蚜防效好，并且对棉田天敌安全，对人畜安全，为进一步验证１０％吡虫啉拌种防治棉蚜的效果和对棉花产量的影响，１９９７～１９９８年进行了１０％吡虫啉防治棉蚜的田间试验，现将试验结果报道如下...     

铸铝合金脉冲硬质阳极氧化

铸铝合金在常温下应用直流叠加方波脉冲进行硬质阳极氧化工艺：硫酸１５０，草酸２０～４０，酒石酸４０～８０ｇ／Ｌ，１０～２５℃，Ｅ＿１，５０～７０Ｖ，Ｅ＿２２５～３０Ｖ，３～１０ｓ，ｔ＿１／ｔ＿２＝１：１。     

种衣剂处理兼治棉花苗病与蚜虫及壮苗新探

以自制种衣剂（内含烯唑醇＋吡虫啉）５０、７５、１００ｇ／１０ｋｇ种子处理棉种,播种后１８天调查对炭疽病的防效分别为７６．９％,８３．５％、８６．８％,播后３６天及６０天两次调查表明１００ｇ／１０ｋｇ种子处理对蚜虫的控制效果在８６．３％以上,且棉苗矮壮、叶色浓绿、根系发达。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.