冷却肉中单核增生李斯特氏菌的抑菌研究

紫外线对于单核增生李斯特氏菌悬液有较好的杀菌效果,照射5 min即可将全部菌体杀死。柠檬酸、乳酸抑菌效果好,其含量达到2 mL/L,可抑制李斯特氏菌的生长。有机酸钠盐的抑菌效果较差。丁香、肉桂、大蒜、生姜精油对于李斯特氏菌有较好的抑菌作用,这4种精油复配后存在协同抑菌作用。     

单核增生李斯特氏菌生物被膜的形成及控制

研究温度、接种量对单核增生李斯特氏菌(Listeri amonocytogenes)生物被膜形成的影响和肉制品加工企业中常用的消毒方法对单增李斯特氏菌生物被膜的去除及抑制作用.研究结果表明,单核增生李斯特氏菌标准菌株生物被膜的形成主要受到温度的影响,接种量对生物被膜形成的影响只在特定的温度范围内显著.以不同的常规消毒方法对模拟生产车间条件培养生长1d的单增李斯特氏菌生物被膜进行处理,结果发现不同方法对生物被膜去除效果的差异性随着处理天数的增加而增加,且各方法对生物被膜的去除作用与抑制作用无关.     

MPCR检测食品中大肠杆菌O157和单核增生李斯特氏菌的研究

根据大肠杆菌O157(Escherichia coli O157,E. coli O157)的志贺样毒素基因slt和“黏附抹平”因子eaeA基因、单核增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytohenes,LM)的编码溶血素O的hlyA基因和毒力基因plcA,分别设计上游和下游的slt、eaeA、hlyA和plcA四对引物,对应扩增片段依次为780、450、708、600bp。通过对单管多重PCR(multiplex PCR,MPCR)扩增的特异性、敏感性分析以及对单管多重PCR扩增条件,如Mg2+浓度、dNTPs浓度和退火温度等的优化,建立快速检测大肠杆菌O157和单增李斯特菌的多重PCR方法,该方法能同时检测到0.50ng的E. coliO157和单增李斯特菌基因组DNA,并且操作简便、快速,具有良好的敏感性和特异性,能够快速实现对食品中多种致病菌的诊断和监控。     

进出境食品中单核增生李斯特氏菌的血清分型与脉冲场凝胶电泳分型分析研究

目的 研究进出境食品中的单核增生李斯特氏菌（LMO）的血清分型与脉冲场凝胶电泳分型的特性及其关系。方法 采用标准方法对39株分离的LMO进行PFGE分型,分别用ApaI和Asc I酶切,电泳图谱进行聚类分析,以上菌株同时进行血清分型检测。结果 39株LMO分成6个血清型;经ApaI酶切后,分成29种带型,相似度在57.4%~100%;Asc I酶切后,分成34种带型,相似度在48.6%~100%。讨论 AscI酶切的PFGE分离效果优于ApaI酶切,与血清分型的一致性低于ApaI酶切;PFGE分型效果优于血清分型。     

进出境食品中单核增生李斯特菌的血清分型与脉冲场凝胶电泳分型分析

目的研究进出境食品中的单核增生李斯特菌(LMO)的血清分型与脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型的特性及其关系。方法采用标准方法对39株分离的LMO进行PFGE分型,分别用ApaI和Asc I酶切,电泳图谱进行聚类分析,以上菌株同时进行血清分型检测。结果 39株LMO分成6个血清型;经ApaI酶切后,分成29种带型,相似度在57.4%～100%;Asc I酶切后,分成34种带型,相似度在48.6%～100%。讨论 AscI酶切的PFGE分离效果优于ApaI酶切,与血清分型的一致性低于ApaI酶切;PFGE分型效果优于血清分型。     

单核增生李斯特氏菌近红外快检方法建立与应用

目的建立一种近红外荧光免疫法快速检测单增李斯特氏菌的方法。方法采用近红外荧光染料Dylight800标记单增李斯特菌单克隆抗体,结合免疫侧向流技术制备单增李斯特菌快速检测试纸条。结果整个实验过程仅需45 min,对食品中单增李斯特氏菌最低检测限为500 CFU/mL,与其他5种食源性致病菌均无交叉反应。特异性为89.47%,敏感性为100%。采用近红外荧光免疫层析法和传统方法对30份食品进行检测,结果发现2种方法符合性达93.3%。结论所研制的单增李斯特菌的近红外快检试纸条具有特异性、敏感性较高的特点,适用于食品样本中单增李斯特菌的即时检测。     

CodY在单核细胞增生李斯特菌抗氧化胁迫中的作用

目的:探究全局性转录调控因子CodY在单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)抗氧化应激中的作用.方法:利用H2O2对处于对数中期(OD600 nm=0.65)的Lm野生株EGDe和CodY缺失株EGDe△codY进行氧化胁迫,比较两菌株氧化耐受能力、抗氧化应激物(过氧化氢酶(cata...     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌菌膜形成突变株的筛选

通过对功能和调控基因的研究,探讨单核细胞增生李斯特菌菌膜的形成机制,建立防治该细菌污染食品的方法.使用电转化的方法,将携带转座子Tn917的质粒pTV1-OK转化到单核细胞增生李斯特菌中,诱导转座,获得1 880个突变株,加上前期构建的突变株,使突变库增加到2 200株.使用96孔细胞培养板对随机挑选的1 000余株突变株进行菌膜培养,结晶紫染色后测OD595值.以此值作为菌膜形成量的筛选依据,最终挑选出菌膜形成能力变小的突变株8株.目标突变获得率约8‰.对筛选的菌膜形成量变小的突变株进行荧光显微现察,证实该8株突变株菌膜形成能力弱于野生菌株.通过PCR验证,这8株突变株的基因组中插入了Tn917,这可能是它们的表型发生变化的原因.     

牛乳中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的分离与鉴定

牛乳中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的分离与鉴定唐敏莉，刘敏娟，孙钊，黄金文（齐齐哈尔市卫生防疫站）前言李斯特菌是引起人、畜单核细胞增生的一种致病菌，已逐渐被人们注意，世界卫生组织１９８８年报告，在乳及乳制品、肉类、禽类等食品中均发现李斯特菌的存在［１］．近年...     

Listeria monocytogenes: Occurrence in beef and identification of the main contamination points in processing plants

This study aimed to establish the occurrence of Listeria spp., especially L. monocytogenes and its main serotypes, in beef and processing plants. A total of 443 samples were obtained from equipment, installations and products from 11 meat processing establishments from Paraná state, Brazil. All samples were analyzed using USDA methodology for Listeria spp. detection, followed by species identification. The occurrence of Listeria spp. in the samples was 38.1% of which 51.4% were from equipment, 35.4% from installations and 30.2% from products. The identified species were: L. monocytogenes (12.6%), L. innocua (78.4%), L. seeligeri (1.2%), L. welshimeri (7.2%) and L. grayi (0.6%). The identified serotypes of L. monocytogenes were 1/2a and 4b. The results demonstrate the significance of equipment and installations as sources of contamination by Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in the processing of beef and meat products.     

二次杀菌对真空包装酱牛肉货架期影响的研究

对真空包装后的酱牛肉采用低温水浴杀菌和微波两种方式进行二次杀菌处理,结果表明,低温水浴杀菌效果优于微波杀菌。低温水浴杀菌能显著降低酱牛肉贮藏期间的菌落总数、TVB—N值、TBA值,减少酱牛肉贮藏期间腐败,抑制贮藏期间脂肪氧化的产生,延长酱牛肉货架期。综合考虑,实践上选用90～95℃、30min的二次杀菌处理。     

Radiation Sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes on Beef as Affected by Temperature

Longissimus dorsi from beef was inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and the effect of gamma irradiation on the survival of this pathogen at ?60 to +15°C was determined. Radiation D-values were determined for inactivation of L. monocytogenes at 5°C intervals from ?20 to 5°C. These data were used to develop an equation to predict the response to gamma radiation within that range. An abrupt increase in resistance occurred at ?5°C. The radiation D-value was 0.45 kGy at 0°C, 0.77 kGy at ?5°C and 1.21 kGy at ?20°C. A straight line was obtained when the log₁₀ of the D-values from ?5 to ?20°C was plotted vs the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. This led us to calculate a value analogous to the Arrhenius activation energy for inactivation of L. monocytogenes by gamma radiation.     

食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌调查及毒力研究

为了解和掌握各类食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌（Lm)污染状况及菌株的毒力情况,采集5类265件食品,菌株鉴定应用API细胞鉴定系统;毒力测定采用溶血实验、多聚酶链反应（PCR）以及小鼠致病力实验的方法进行,结果显示Lm检出率为4.90%;其中从生肉、熟肉、灌汤和速冻食品中的检出率分别为15.00%、2.48%、9.52%;从熟肉和速冻食品中还检出其它李斯特氏菌,检出率分别为4.96%、5.92%;乳制品和水产品中未检出Lm。13株Lm毒力测定显示,溶血实验与小鼠的致病力和PCR测定的溶血素基因无必然联系,而溶血素基因与内化素基因阳性结果相同,Lm对多种抗生素敏感,其中对氨氨苄青霉素、头孢唑啉和环丙沙星敏感率为100%。     

单增李斯特菌国标检验培养基质量的比较

通过考察市售单增李斯特菌国标检验培养基对单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM,以下简称单增李斯特菌)和非单增李斯特菌的增菌检测效果,比较不同品牌培养基的质量。该研究采用螺旋涂布计数法,定量测定30株单增李斯特菌和9株非单增李斯特菌在4个品牌的李氏增菌肉汤(LB₁、LB₂)和6个品牌的PALCAM琼脂培养基、李斯特氏菌显色培养基中的生长情况。实验结果表明:30株单增李斯特菌在4个品牌的LB;增菌肉汤中的浓度均值为2.04×10⁷CFU/m L~4.59×10⁷CFU/m L;在LB;增菌肉汤中的浓度为2.36×10⁷CFU/m L~2.69×10⁷CFU/m L;在D品牌的PALCAM琼脂培养基中的生长率均值为0.55,在其余5个品牌的PALCAM琼脂培养基和6个品牌的李斯特氏菌显色培养基中的生长率均值均超过0.85。30株单增李斯特菌在李氏增菌肉汤(LB₁、LB₂)、PALCAM琼脂培养基、李斯特氏菌显色培养基中的增菌检测效果存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。4个品牌的李氏增菌肉汤的增菌效果和6个品牌PALCAM琼脂培养基、李斯特氏显色培养基的检测效果存在显著性差异(p<0.01)。该研究结果表明市售单增李斯特菌国标检验培养基质量差异大。     

Identification of Listeria innocua surrogates for Listeria monocytogenes in hamburger patties

ABSTRACT:  Listeria innocua M1 has been used by many researchers as a nonpathogenic thermal processing surrogate for Listeria monocytogenes . However, L. innocua M1 has been criticized because its thermal survivability characteristics are not as closely parallel to L. monocytogenes as some would like in a variety of foods and processing conditions. The present study was conducted to compare multiple L. innocua and L. monocytogenes strains to validate L. innocua M1 as the ideal surrogate under high-temperature thermal processing conditions for L. monocytogenes . The D - and z -values of L. innocua M1, L. innocua strain SLCC 5639 serotype (6a), SLCC 5640 (6b), SLCC 2745 (4ab), and L. monocytogenes F4243 (4b) were calculated for raw hamburger patties. Hamburger patties were inoculated with 10^7–8 CFU/g of L. monocytogenes or L. innocua . Samples were heat treated at 4 temperatures (62.5 to 70 °C). At each temperature, the decimal reduction time ( D -value) was obtained by linear regression of survival curves. The D - and z -values were determined for each bacterium. The D -values of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes serotypes ranged from 3.17 to 0.13 min at 62.5 to 70 °C, and the z -values of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes were 7.44 to 7.73 °C. Two of the 4 L. innocua serotypes used in this experiment have the potential for use as surrogates in hamburger meat with varying margins of safety. L. innocua M1 should serve as the primary nonpathogenic surrogate with the greatest margin of safety in verifying a new thermal process to destroy L. monocytogenes .     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌的毒力因子

目的单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)属于革兰阳性无芽孢杆菌李斯特菌属,主要通过食物传播。Lm的致病性与毒力因子密切相关,研究其毒力因子对认识致病机理有着重要意义。方法对Lm重要的毒力因子(溶血素、磷脂酶、内化素、肌动蛋白、P60蛋白等)进行综述。结果溶血素是一个多功能的毒力因子,对于Lm逃离吞噬细胞囊是必需的。Lm能产生两种磷脂酶C:磷脂酰肌醇磷脂酶C和磷脂酰胆碱磷脂酶C,协助细菌的细胞内复制。肌动蛋白使得Lm在宿主细胞间能够扩散。内化素与Lm的侵袭力有关。P60蛋白是Lm的主要免疫原性抗原。结论Lm毒力因子研究的深入对李斯特菌病的防治将带来深远的影响。     

Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. on beef carcasses in Northern Ireland

A survey of beef carcasses was conducted in all 10 European community approved abattoirs in Northern Ireland to determine the incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Analyses were based on excised samples of neck meat taken less than 48 h post-kill. Overall, 780 carcasses were sampled and all were negative for E. coli O157:H7. A sub-set of samples was analysed for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (n=200), Salmonella (n=200) and Campylobacter spp.(n=100). L. monocytogenes was not detected but Listeria innocua was found on five carcasses and Listeria seeligeri on one. Three carcasses carried salmonellas; Salmonella Mbandaka was found on two and Salmonella Thompson on one. Campylobacter spp. were not detected on any carcasses. The results indicate that very few beef carcasses in Northern Ireland appear to carry any of the four pathogens sought, and this may help explain the low incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in the Northern Ireland human population, relative to the rest of the UK.     

PFGE characterisation and adhesion ability of Listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from bovine carcasses and beef processing facilities

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen capable of adhering to many surfaces and forming biofilms, which may explain its persistence in food processing environments. This study aimed to genetically characterise L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from bovine carcasses and beef processing facilities and to evaluate their adhesion abilities. DNA from 29 L. monocytogenes isolates was subjected to enzymatic restriction digestion (AscI and ApaI), and two clusters were identified for serotypes 4b and 1/2a, with similarities of 48% and 68%, respectively. The adhesion ability of the isolates was tested considering: inoculum concentration, culture media, carbohydrate source, NaCl concentration, incubation temperature, and pH. Each isolate was tested at 10(8)CFUmL(-1) and classified according to its adhesion ability as weak (8 isolates), moderate (17) or strong (4). The isolates showed higher adhesion capability in non-diluted culture media, media at pH 7.0, incubation at 25°C and 37°C, and media with NaCl at 5% and 7%. No relevant differences were observed for adhesion ability with respect to the carbohydrate source. The results indicated a wide diversity of PFGE profiles of persistent L. monocytogenes isolates, without relation to their adhesion characteristics. Also, it was observed that stressing conditions did not enhance the adhesion profile of the isolates.