乡办石英厂矽肺发病情况的调查

为了解石英粉尘职业危害的远期效应,我们对天河区某镇乡办石英厂脱尘人员矽肺发病情况,进行了回顾性调查,现报告如下。1 概况 石英厂建于1957年7月,招收青壮年农民工82名从事石英粉加工作业。生产流程为:石英石→机械破碎     

某村办石英厂农民工矽肺患病及死亡情况的调查

目的　调查外出务工农民的职业病危害情况。方法　调查对象填写基本情况调查表 ,进行职业性健康检查 ,摄后前位高仟伏胸片 ,并收集死亡患者死前住院资料 ,回顾性了解该石英厂的生产工艺、劳动生产条件和卫生防护等情况。结果　某村办厂农民工 16 4例 ,检出矽肺患者 72例 ,其中 ,矽肺Ⅰ期 2 5例、Ⅱ期 37例、Ⅲ期 10例。患者中女性 8例 ,占 1 9。矽肺患者接尘工龄最短 2个月、最长 90个月 ,Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期矽肺的平均接尘工龄分别为 15、36、4 1个月。农民工矽肺患病的程度与接尘工龄呈平行关系。结论　外出务工人员的职业卫生问题已成为我国目前职业危害的新动向。     

隧道掘进民工矽肺患病情况调查

为了解70年代隧道掘进民工矽肺患病情况,1999～2004年我们对767名参加隧道掘进的民工进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。     

某金矿粉尘作业工人矽肺发病情况调查与分析

1 资料与方法1.1 粉尘浓度来自某矿安环处和防疫站历年现场监测记录,测定方法采用滤膜重量法。1.2 接尘职工数来自历年粉尘作业工人健康档案记录,共计2704人。1.3 矽肺病例为某金矿历年累计矽肺发病人数,共509例(包括死亡病例)。     

矽肺病人死亡病例的调查分析

本文报告了开凿隧道民工患矽肺病的普查和死亡病例的调查。普查体检 1454人,检出患不同期别病人488例,检出率为34.0％,观察16年间死亡174例,病死率为35.7％。观察结果显示诊断Ⅲ期病例的病死率明显高于Ⅰ期病例,合并肺结核病例病死率明显高于单纯矽肺病例。提示我们一定要加强防范,增强机体免疫力,控制病情发展。     

矽肺患者口腔健康状况的调查分析

本文对４３名矽肺患者口腔状况进行调查。结果发现，矽肺患者口腔状况较差，ＤＭＦＴ为１１．７，平均缺失牙８．９颗，患牙龈炎伴牙结石、牙周袋大于５ｍｍ牙的百分比为１１．３。４３名矽肺患者均存在牙磨损，牙磨损严重程度显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１），且牙磨损多见于切牙和磨牙。牙磨损罹患率与接尘工龄呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示矽肺患者牙磨损与职业接触石英粉尘密切相关。     

某金矿罗甸县农民工矽肺患病及死亡情况

贵州省罗甸县农民工1996-02/2004-04到广西区某金矿务工回乡后,因出现严重的呼吸系统症状,2000-08/2004-01陆续前来省疾控中心职业病防治所体检,先后被诊断为矽肺病,现将调查结果报告如下。1对象与方法1.1对象罗甸县到该金矿打工的农民工共有306名,其中男性241人,女性65人。在调查期间有138人回乡务农,在调查前有11人已死亡,在调查后又有3人死亡。其余的仍在外打工。1.2方法询问调查范围内的外出务工的农民工,填写基本情况调查表,详细询问其职业接触史和自觉症状,并对所有回乡在家的村民作了相关的职业性健康检查,摄后前位高仟伏胸片,按尘肺…     

金矿民工急性矽肺32例

急性矽肺又称快型矽肺,已属罕见,1次检出32例更属罕见,现将检查和诊断情况报告如下.     

上海市乡镇企业发现首批矽肺的调查

近年来乡镇企业迅速发展。我们于1988年10月对本市某乡镇企业抛毛车间石英粉尘的危害进行了全面调查，发现一批“典型”的矽肺。     

龙岩市支前民工矽肺患病情况调查

[目的]了解 1969～1972年龙岩市支援福建前线国防建设农村民工矽肺患病情况,为制定相关的社会救济政策提供依据.[方法]1997年、2007年对2840名支前民工进行矽肺患病及并发症发病情况调查.[结果]调查2840人,检出确立肺患者458例(Ⅰ期376例、Ⅱ期75例、Ⅲ期7例),患者病率为16.13%;矽肺合并肺结核95例,合并率为20.74%(Ⅰ期18.09%、Ⅱ期32.00%、Ⅲ期3/7);矽肺患者肺结核等并发症死亡35例,病死率为5.46%(Ⅰ期3.72%、Ⅱ期13.33%、Ⅲ期1/7).[结论]支前民工矽肺发病率很高.     

机场接尘作业民兵矽肺病发病状况调查

1969年7月-1973年12月，龙岩市先后抽调3201名男性民兵参加某空军基地机场飞机库国防建设，主要从事洞内凿岩、运输、装卸等工种。由于条件限制，防尘设施设备简陋，当时未能进行粉尘浓度监测，但洞内高浓度粉尘作业环境是无疑的。为了解这一特殊人群的矽肺病发病及进展状况，我们进行了追踪调查，于1997年与民政部门共同组织这批民兵进行职业健康体检，10年后对部分民兵进行复检，现把1997年既往诊断资料和2006年体检诊断资料进行分析整理，将结果报告如下。     

泰国磨石工人矽肺和尘肺发病率调查

[目的]调查磨石工人的矽肺和肺结核发病率,并分析矽肺和肺结核的危险因素.[方法]X线摄片确认矽肺和肺结核病例,肺结核加以痰检确认.测定粉尘样品的浓度和二氧化硅含量.[结果]1995～2001年矽肺发病率分别是16.9‰,17.0‰,7.1‰,20.7‰,13.2‰,17.1‰.根据监测记录,可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硅的最高浓度分别为(9.35±10.08) mg/m3和(6.47±9.32)%,均高于接触阈限值(TLV)50%.南部地区的矽肺发病率最高,达56.3‰.发病率的增加与高粉尘浓度明显相关.肺结核的发病率是3.7‰,东北地区的最高,达15.1‰.中部和东部地区的矽肺-肺结核发病率为0.44‰.Suphanburi地区的危险因素研究中,矽肺和肺结核的发病率分别为91.5‰和18.3‰,并发现危险因素如性别、年龄、接触时间、吸烟和缺乏个人防护.此研究发现矽肺发病率除矽尘外,还与年龄、吸烟年数和缺乏个人防护有关.[结论]本实验结果提示,有必要在泰国建立全国磨石工人数据库,推行卫生监测和国家职业卫生服务项目.     

宝石工肺纹理增粗、紊乱进展到Ⅰ期矽肺的调查

为更好地预防宝石工矽肺的发生，我们对佛山市某宝石加工厂宝石工双肺纹理增粗、紊乱进展到Ⅰ期矽肺的时间间隔进行了调查，现将结果报告如下。     

石英砂厂农民工患矽肺病事件调查

目的查明农民工矽肺病发病原因,明确其诊断,为农民工维权提供依据。方法对赴皖石英砂厂务工农民工进行流行病学调查、职业健康检查,对疑似矽肺者作职业病诊断。结果调查赴皖石英砂厂务工农民工193人,已死亡7人,外出62人,进行体检124人,查出疑似矽肺作职业病诊断55人,诊断为矽肺46人,检出患病率为37.1%,其中Ⅰ期矽肺24人、Ⅱ期矽肺12人、Ⅲ期矽肺10人。结论该起事件系农民工职业接触石英砂厂矽尘引起的急进型矽肺病暴发。     

Respiratory Disease in Agricultural Workers: Mortality and Morbidity Statistics

ABSTRACT

To quantify the respiratory disease burden among agricultural workers, we examined the 1988–1998 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) “Multiple Cause of Death Data” and the 1988–1994 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (NHANES III). Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were determined for 11 respiratory conditions among 6 agricultural groups: crop farm workers, livestock farm workers, farm managers, landscape and horticultural workers, forestry workers, and fishery workers. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were determined for 12 respiratory conditions among 3 agricultural groups: farm workers, farm managers, and other agricultural workers. Disease categories groups were based on the 9th International Classification of Diseases and the agricultural groups on the NCHS or NHANES III industry and occupation codes, respectively. Crop farm workers and livestock farm workers had significantly elevated mortality for several respiratory conditions, with mortality for hypersensitivity pneumonitis being 10 and 50 times higher than expected. Landscape and horticultural workers had significantly elevated mortality for abscess of the lung and mediastinum and chronic airways obstruction. Forestry workers had significantly elevated mortality for pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic airways obstruction, and pneumonia. Prevalence of wheeze was elevated for female farm workers, shortness of breath was elevated for farm workers who had ever smoked, and hay fever was elevated for black, non-Hispanic farm workers. Prevalence of asthma was elevated for other agricultural workers who had ever smoked. Farm workers had a PR of 173 for obstructive respiratory abnormality. Continued improvement in occupational health surveillance systems for agriculture is essential to help guide prevention efforts for respiratory disease.     

宝石加工行业矽肺患病调查分析

目的了解宝石加工行业接尘工人矽肺患病情况及其特征。方法对5间宝石加工厂生产环境和接尘工龄1a以上的工人进行横断面的流行病学调查。结果5间厂各个作业点的粉尘浓度均超过国家卫生标准(1mg/m3)的2.96～10.5倍。游离SiO2含量平均为91.2%～95.1%。受检的1352名接尘工人中,被诊断为各期矽肺患者73例,患病率占5.4%。患病年龄为(27.6±4.52)岁。接尘工龄(4.82±1.63)a。矽肺患者的X线表现以q影改变为主。肺通气功能损害多为混合型(24/37),占64.8%。合并肺结核15例,占20.5%;肺气肿29例,占3.7%;气胸6例,占8.23%。结论宝石行业生产性粉尘对工人健康危害极大,当务之急是对宝石行业加强劳动卫生监督,加大执法力度,改革工艺流程,降低粉尘浓度,控制矽肺病发生。     

煤气厂工人癌症死亡流行病学调查

为了进一步探讨煤气工人癌症死亡情况 ,在 1982年全国焦炉逸散物肿瘤回顾性调查 (1971～1981年 )的基础上 ,对 6个煤气厂 3397名男职工又进行了为期 4年的前瞻性观察 ,至 1985年 12月 31日。以 1973～ 1975年、 1987年全国男性居民人口各年龄组死亡率均值为对照 ,采用间接法求算各项死因的标准死亡比 (SMR)及 95 %可信限。结果表明 ,观察 15年间共累积 4 85 6 8人年 ,死亡 378人 (11 1% ) ,失访12人 (失访率 0 35 % ) ,煤气厂工人的全癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌均显示超量。全队列的肺癌SMR为 176(P <0 0 1) ;煤气发生炉工作区肺癌SMR为 2 5 8(P <0 0 1) ,且随开始接触后年数的增加而增加。各工作区苯可溶物浓度高低与相应区域工人肺癌SMR高低相符。非煤气发生炉工作区肺癌SMR为 6 7(P >0 0 5 )。提示 ,煤气发生炉作业工人罹患肺癌的危险性与职业环境、暴露时间有关。非煤气发生炉工作区肺癌未显示与职业有关     

Mortality among Male Rubber Workers in Finland

The deaths of male rubber workers in two processing departments and a tire and tube manufacturing department of a Finnish rubber plant were studied. The number of person-years at risk was 7,049. Follow-up continued for 24 yr, from January 1, 1953 to December 31, 1976. The total number of deaths was 29 compared with 43 expected (relative risk = 0.7). Only 5 deaths from cardiovascular diseases were found vs. 17.9 expected. The relative risk of death from cancer was 1.0 (7/6.8) and 1.7 (5/2.9) for workers who were exposed for more than 10 yr. For other causes of death the relative risk was not dependent on the length of exposure.     

Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality among a Sample of Cocaine-Dependent Black and White Veterans

Racial minorities generally exhibit worse health status than do whites. To assess the presence of similar phenomena among long-term cocaine-using veterans, this study examined racial variations in mortality and health status among cocaine-dependent men who were originally recruited at their admissions to cocaine treatment in 1988–1989 and were interviewed approximately 12 years later in 2002–2003. Mortality was higher among whites (15%) than blacks (6%), particularly due to drug overdose. Controlling for socioeconomic factors, cocaine severity, and depression, the racial difference was still significant in the survival analysis. Racial differences were examined in the health status of those interviewed in the 12-year follow-up study (178 blacks and 65 whites), after confirmation of their comparable socioeconomic backgrounds and levels of healthcare access and utilization. Contrary to expectations, few racial differences were found on most health indicators, although the level of cocaine use was higher among blacks. Furthermore, fewer blacks reported having hepatitis or sexually transmitted diseases than did whites. The study results suggest that black cocaine-dependent veterans do not have worse health status when compared with white veterans on most health indicators.Yang, Huang, and Hser are with the UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.     

铬酸盐生产工人肺癌发病情况的流行病学调查研究

对六个地区２５４５名铬酸盐生产工人和５１９７名对照工人的恶性肿瘤发病情况调查结果，铬酸盐生产工人肺癌高发。其男工肺癌的发病和死亡分别占全恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的３５．６３％和３７．５０％；其肺癌的发病率和死亡率分别高达８２．０８／１０万和７９．４３／１０万，均显著高于对照男工（Ｐ＜０．００１）；其肺癌的ＳＭＲ为１．９６７和２．５７１，表明其肺癌死亡率显著高于全国大城市和中等城市男性同年龄组人群的肺癌死亡率；接触铬化物较多的转炉和制造两工种肺癌的发病率分别高达１３１．２１／１０万和７７．２３／１０万，均显著高于对照男工；吸烟与接触铬化物有明显的协同致肺癌作用。