冠状动脉旋磨术在老年人冠状动脉钙化病变介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨冠状动脉旋磨术治疗老年人冠状动脉钙化病变的有效性及安全性。方法对32例冠心病患者的钙化病变进行冠脉内旋磨术、冠脉球囊扩张及冠脉支架术,观察患者的冠脉钙化病变改变、手术成功率、围术期并发症及临床随访结果。结果 32例冠状动脉钙化病变患者的33处钙化病变处接受冠状动脉旋磨术治疗,手术成功率为96.88%,结合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)共植入74枚支架。围术期无急性心肌梗死、心源性死亡、冠脉穿孔、出血及急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)等并发症。1例发生心脏停搏,1例发生心室颤动,经相应药物等治疗后均恢复窦性心律。对患者进行12个月的随访,无1例再发心绞痛,无1例发生主要心血管事件。结论冠状动脉旋磨术联合PCI术治疗老年人的冠状动脉钙化病变安全、有效。     

冠状动脉旋磨术在冠心病钙化病变介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨冠状动脉旋磨术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析12例行冠状动脉旋磨术结合冠状动脉球囊成形术和支架植入术的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、手术成功率、术后随访主要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建)的发生率。结果 12例患者共有16处钙化病变,有15处钙化病变行冠状动脉旋磨术,管腔狭窄由术前的87%±10%减少至42%±9%,结合冠状动脉球囊成形术,共植入18枚国产药物支架,手术成功率为93.75%(15/16)。1例因血管严重扭曲,球囊扩张后出现冠状动脉夹层,植入支架失败,建议行外科冠状动脉旁路移植术。术中均无主要并发症(包括心源性死亡、Q波心肌梗死、急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术)发生。所有患者随访(8.4±3.6)个月,有2例再发心绞痛,无主要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建)发生。5例患者复查冠状动脉造影,有1例出现支架内再狭窄30%。结论冠状动脉旋磨术联合球囊扩张和支架植入术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变可取得很高的手术成功率,是治疗钙化病变安全、有效的方法。     

冠状动脉内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变的疗效及随访研究

目的评价冠状动脉(冠脉)内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变的疗效及中期随访结果。方法对21例冠心病患者的严重钙化病变行冠脉内旋磨术及支架术治疗,6例患者在血管内超声的引导下进行,观察其治疗的即刻成功率及6个月的随访结果。结果行冠脉内旋磨术的21例患者,冠脉造影结果均为В2、C型严重钙化病变。旋磨头均成功通过了病变,15例(71.4%)病例仅选择1.25mm的旋磨头,3例(14.3%)病例仅选择1.5mm旋磨头,3例(14.3%)病例使用了2个旋磨头。全部病例均联合应用经皮冠脉血管成形术(PTCA),19例(90.5%)在旋磨术后置入支架。2例(9.5%)在术中发生冠脉痉挛;1例(4.8%)发生无血流现象;无冠脉穿孔、死亡、急性心肌梗死及急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)。对15例患者进行了术后6个月的冠脉造影随访,有2例(13.3%)发生支架内再狭窄。结论冠脉内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变,去除钙化斑块增大管腔,提高了严重钙化病变的经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)成功率。     

冠状动脉严重钙化病变旋磨术后植入药物洗脱长支架的长期临床疗效观察

目的 探讨冠状动脉（简称“冠脉”）旋磨术联合药物洗脱长支架用于治疗严重冠脉钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法 入选2010年1月至12月因严重冠脉钙化而行冠脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱长支架植入治疗的患者。观察患者的手术成功率,围术期并发症及术后主要心血管事件（包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建）的发生率。结果 共21例严重冠脉钙化病变患者接受了冠脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱长支架植入治疗,年龄（65.2±6.9）岁。合并高血压病16例（76.2%）,糖尿病7例（33.3%）,肾功能不全1例（4.8%）。旋磨部位共植入35枚国产药物支架（1.75枚/部位）,最短支架长度为28mm,病变部位平均支架总长度为48（29～66）mm,仅1例因旋磨头未能通过病变而放弃,手术成功率为95.2%（20/21）。术中1例出现冠脉痉挛,1例出现胸痛伴心率减慢;术后1例出现消化道出血。住院期间无心血管事件发生,平均随访26个月,仅1例（4.8%）患者于术后第2个月发生急性心肌梗死,余患者病情稳定。结论 冠脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱长支架植入术治疗严重冠脉钙化病变可取得很高的手术成功率,是治疗钙化病变安全、有效的方法。     

旋磨与球囊预扩张治疗冠状动脉重度钙化病变的疗效分析

目的研究旋磨与球囊预扩张后植入药物支架对治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的疗效。方法选取接受PCI治疗的冠状动脉重度钙化患者,按随机数字表法分为行旋磨术后支架植入(旋磨组,32例)和球囊预扩张支架植入(对照组,40例),对其进行前瞻性随机对照研究,比较两组治疗特征、围手术期并发症,分析6个月内主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的危险因素。结果旋磨组平均支架直径显著大于对照组[3.25(3.00,3.50)mm比3.00(2.81,3.25)mm,P=0.002]。旋磨组球囊预扩张次数、预扩张最大压力、球囊后扩张次数和后扩张最大压力均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。旋磨组术后管腔直径大于对照组[(3.34±0.28)mm比(3.15±0.27)mm,P=0.005]。旋磨组手术即刻成功率(96.9%)大于对照组(92.5%),总MACCE发生率(9.4%)低于对照组(22.5%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PCI手术史[危险比(RR)为1.155(95%CI 0.030~0.691,P=0.015)]及球囊预扩张最大压力[危险比(RR)为2.326(95%CI 0.721~0.988,P=0.035)]是6个月内MACCE发生的独立危险因素。结论SYNTAX评分为23~32分的冠状动脉重度钙化病变,旋磨术有提高手术即刻成功率、降低短期不良事件的趋势,PCI手术史、球囊预扩张最大压力是6个月内MACCE发生的独立危险因素。     

冠状动脉血管内碎石术研究进展

冠状动脉(冠脉)严重钙化是经皮冠脉介入治疗的一大挑战,支架置入前需要对钙化斑块进行充分扩张修饰,但非顺应性球囊、切割球囊、旋磨治疗等设备修饰钙化斑块能力有限,且容易带来一些并发症发生。近来,血管内碎石系统被用于冠脉严重钙化病变的治疗,现对其研究进展进行综述。     

冠状动脉旋磨术在复杂病变介入治疗中的应用

目的 :探讨冠状动脉旋磨术 (Rotationalatherectomy)治疗复杂冠脉病变的策略及效果。方法 :对 79例患者的 86处病变行冠脉旋磨治疗 ,观察其治疗的即刻成功率及并发症率。结果 :79例施行冠状动脉旋磨术的患者 ,旋磨头均成功地通过了病变 ,手术成功率为 96 .2 0 % (76 79) ,平均狭窄程度由87 4%± 8.78%降至 14.6 %± 10 .89%。其中 5 9.49%的病例选择了 1.5mm的旋磨头 ,2 7.88%的病例使用了二个旋磨头。全部病例均联合应用了冠脉球囊扩张术 ,12例在行旋磨术后置入冠脉内支架。 6例患者术中发生较严重的冠脉痉挛 ,经冠脉内给予硝酸甘油后缓解 ;9处 (10 .47% )病变出现了B型以上的内膜撕裂 ,出现无血流或缓慢血流现象发生率为 3.8%。 1例患者术后发生急性Q波心肌梗塞 ,无急诊冠脉搭桥及死亡病例。结论 :冠状动脉旋磨术可选择性用于复杂冠状动脉病变 ,尤其是严重钙化病变 ,小血管长节段病变     

冠脉旋磨术在冠状动脉钙化病变患者PCI治疗中的应用价值

目的:研究冠脉旋磨术(CRA)在冠状动脉钙化(CAC)病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中的应用价值。方法:2016年6月~2016年12月于我院治疗,且需行PCI治疗的CAC病变患者104例被随机分为旋磨治疗组(52例,接受CRA)和球囊扩张组(52例,接受球囊扩张术),比较两组介入治疗指标、术中并发症发生率及随访1年内主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果:两组术前最小管腔直径无显著差异(P=0.304)。与球囊扩张组比较,旋磨治疗组手术时间[(96.29±7.15)min比(72.96±5.76)min]、对比剂用量[(113.25±14.54)ml比(83.27±13.18)ml]、放射线暴露时间[(12.74±1.58)min比(9.07±1.26)min]、术中并发症发生率(26.92%比5.77%)显著降低,支架置入数量[(1.75±0.28)枚比(2.27±0.35)枚]、术后最小管腔直径[(3.15±0.53)mm比(4.31±0.86)mm]、病变残余狭窄<10%率(65.38%比94.23%)、手术即刻成功率(76.92%比98.08%)均显著升高(P均<0.01)。随访期间,旋磨治疗组MACE发生率显著低于球囊扩张组(13.46%比38.46%),P=0.004。结论:CRA能显著提高CAC病变患者PCI治疗手术成功率,降低术中并发症发生率,改善患者预后。     

24例老年冠心病患者经桡动脉冠脉旋磨术的疗效

目的：前瞻性随访分析经桡动脉旋磨术对老年冠心病（CHD）患者钙化病变的疗效.方法：2012年6月至2014年5月,入选了24例老年冠心病患者,收集其临床、冠状动脉造影（CAG）和经皮冠脉介入（PCI）的资料.随访观察PCI围手术期（桡动脉穿刺开始至出院）及出院后随访期的无复流、冠脉破裂/穿孔、以及死亡、非致死性急性冠脉综合征（ACS）、再次PCI等主要不良心血管事件（MACE）.结果：24例患者均成功经桡动脉实施了冠脉旋磨术及支架植入.围手术期仅发生1例前降支远端夹层和角支闭塞（旋磨导丝所致）（4.17％）,无其它MACE现象发生;随访期因肺炎呼吸衰竭死亡1例（4.17％）,心绞痛发生1例（4.17％）,其余患者均无MACE发生.结论：经桡动脉冠脉旋磨术治疗老年冠心病钙化病变安全、有效、易行.     

旋磨术联合切割球囊成形术治疗冠状动脉重度钙化病变

目的血管内超声评价旋磨术联合切割球囊成形术治疗冠状动脉重度钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法收集冠状动脉造影及血管内超声检查确认至少1处病变为高度钙化,并行旋磨术处理的冠心病患者80例,根据是否使用切割球囊分为单纯旋磨组34例和旋磨联合切割组46例。患者在支架置入前及置入后均行血管内超声检查,评价支架置入效果。结果单纯旋磨组与旋磨联合切割组最大钙化弧度分别为(215.88±21.81)°vs(226.55±21.59)°,钙化长度比为(0.72±0.06)vs(0.78±0.05),支架置入前最小管腔面积为(2.52±0.07)mm2 vs(2.46±0.09)mm2,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。支架置入后,旋磨联合切割组最小支架面积(6.12±0.37)mm2和即刻管腔获得面积(3.66±0.34)mm2,单纯旋磨组分别为(5.42±0.24)mm2和(2.90±0.24)mm2,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.016)。2组术中并发症的发生比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在冠状动脉重度钙化病变中,使用旋磨术联合切割球囊成形术可以获得更好的支架置入后效果。     

Application of rotational atherectomy in the drug-eluting stent era

Rotational atherectomy (RA) was introduced in the interventional arena in 1988 as a dedicated device for calcified lesions. Due to the complexity of the technique, the development of alternative method...     

血管内超声指导下对冠状动脉严重钙化病变行旋磨介入治疗疗效评估

目的评估血管内超声（IVUS）指导下冠状动脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗严重钙化病变的疗效。方法 13例冠状动脉严重钙化患者在IVUS指导下行冠状动脉旋磨及支架置入术,评估手术即刻成功率、术后管腔最小直径、最小直径狭窄率、管腔有效面积变化及随访结果。结果 13例中,单支病变1例（7.7%）,双支病变3例（23.1%）,三支病变6例（46.2%）,左主干＋三支病变1例（7.7%）,左主干病变2例（15.4%）。术前、术后肌钙蛋白T、肌酸激酶同工酶与肌酸酐比较,差异无统计学意义。靶血管管腔最小直径由术前（2.0±0.3）mm增大至术后的（3.6±0.8）mm,直径狭窄率由术前的（74.5±6.8）%减少至术后的（20.3±12.5）%,管腔有效面积由术前的（4.0±1.4）mm2增大至术后的（10.7±5.5）mm2,差异均有统计学意义。即刻手术成功率100%,术后随访期间无心绞痛再发、心肌梗死及靶血管再次血运重建。结论 IVUS指导下冠状动脉旋磨术联合DES可安全用于冠状动脉严重钙化病变患者,提高了介入手术的成功率。     

Usefulness of the SafeCut Dual Wire PTCA catheter for the treatment of calcified lesions

Calcified lesions are a cause of stent underexpansion, which significantly increases the subsequent risks of restenosis and stent thrombosis, even when drug-eluting stents are used. In this report, we describe how a novel balloon catheter, the SafeCut Dual Wire percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty catheter, enabled adequate dilatation in a calcified lesion that was unresponsive to conventional balloon catheters.     

Drug-eluting stents for treatment of focal infrapopliteal lesions

We have investigated the role of drug-eluting stents on patency rates after treatment of focal infrapopliteal lesions in patients with intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia. Reports indicate that drug-eluting stents reduce the risk of restenosis after percutaneous infrapopliteal artery revascularization. A Pub Med, EMBASE, Cochrane database review search of non-randomized studies investigating patency rates, target lesion revascularisation rates, limb salvage rates and mortality rates in an up to 3-year follow-up period after drug-eluting stent placement was conducted. In addition, preliminary results of randomized studies comparing drug-eluting stents with bare-metal stents and plain balloon angioplasty in treatment of focal infrapopliteal lesions were included in this review. A total of 1039 patients from 10 non-randomized and randomized studies were included. Most commonly used drug-eluting stents were sirolimus-eluting. The mean follow-up period was 12.6 (range 8 - 24). The mean 1-year primary patency rate was 86 ± 5 %. The mean target lesion revascularization rate and limb salvage rate was 9.9 ± 5 % and 96.6 %±4 %, respectively. Results from non-randomized and preliminary results from prospective, randomized trials show a significant advantage for drug-eluting stents in comparison to plain balloon angioplasty and bare-metal stents concerning target lesion patency and in parts target lesion revascularisation. No trial reveals an advantage for drug-eluting stents with regard to limb salvage and mortality.     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉斑块旋磨和药物支架置入术治疗严重钙化病变的安全有效性

目的:探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉斑块旋磨术和药物洗脱支架置入术,治疗严重钙化病变的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2011年1月,经桡动脉行冠状动脉斑块旋磨术和药物洗脱支架置入术,冠心病患者的89例临床资料。并分析其手术特点、并发症及主要不良心血管事件(包括全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建)。结果:89例(100%)患者均成功经桡动脉行冠状动脉斑块旋磨术,并置入药物洗脱支架。术中共有8例(9.0%)患者发生并发症,经处理后取得良好的效果。术后随访(22.21±4.73)个月,主要不良心血管事件的发生率为12.4%。结论:经桡动脉行冠状动脉斑块旋磨术和药物洗脱支架置入术,治疗严重钙化病变是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Use of SafeCut Balloon for treatment of in-stent restenosis of a previously underexpanded sirolimus-eluting stent with a heavily calcified plaque

Calcified lesions are a cause of stent underexpansion which significantly increases the subsequent risks of in-stent restenosis and thrombosis, even when drug-eluting stents are used. In this report, we describe a novel balloon catheter (SafeCut) that enabled adequate dilatation of in-stent restenosis in a previously underexpanded sirolimus-eluting stent that was unresponsive to high-pressure inflation using a conventional balloon after aggressive rotational atherectomy to treat a heavily calcified plaque.     

Potent Stent-Less Procedure Using Rotational Atherectomy and Drug-Coated Balloon to Right Coronary Ostial Lesion

BackgroundEven in the drug-eluting stent era, ostial lesion of the right coronary artery (RCA) still remains therapeutic challenge for interventional cardiologists. Case Series Case 1 (76 y.o. male) with angina on effort underwent transradial stent-less percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using rotational atherectomy (RA) followed by drug-coated balloon (DCB) dilation alone (RA/DCB) against a calcified de novo RCA ostial lesion. Case 2 (86 y.o. female) with recurrent unstable angina and hemodialysis underwent transfemoral RA/DCB against a severe repeat in-stent restenosis probably due to calcified nodule in the RCA ostium. In the both patients, PCI was successfully completed under intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS) guidance without complications. Follow-up CAG performed 4–5 months after the procedure revealed no significant lumen narrowing in the both RCA ostial lesions.ConclusionsThe both cases suggest that stent-less PCI using RA/DCB under IVUS might be an alternative revascularization therapy of choice for calcified RCA ostial lesions.     

不同支架植入方式对小血管支架内再狭窄的影响

目的:观察不同支架植入方式对小血管（血管直径≤2.75 mm）支架内再狭窄的影响。方法: 对69（男51,女18）例患者共111处病变进行治疗,实验组（n=38）直接植入支架64枚（雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架53枚,紫杉醇药物洗脱支架11枚）,对照组（n=31）预扩张后植入支架47枚（雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架41枚,紫杉醇药物洗脱支架6枚）,两组患者术后即刻行冠脉血管内超声(IVUS)检测最小支架直径及横截面积。术后有胸闷胸痛症状患者即刻行冠脉造影术及IVUS,无症状患者6个月后复查。通过IVUS检测,对两组管腔丢失及支架内再狭窄率进行比较。结果: 两组支架植入术后即刻最小支架直径实验组为（2.38±0.26）mm,对照组为（2.34±0.24）mm（P＞0.05）;支架横截面积实验组为（4.5±1.0）mm2,对照组为（4.3±0.9）mm2（P＞0.05）;6个月随访后复查两组管腔丢失,实验组为（1.44±0.30）mm,对照组为（0.98±0.24）mm（P=0.01）;支架内再狭窄发生率实验组为15 %;对照组为30%（P＜0.05）。结论: 对冠状动脉小血管病变患者直接药物洗脱支架植入组支架内再狭窄发生率低于预扩张后支架植入组。     

Rotational Atherectomy or Balloon-Based Techniques to Prepare Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions

BackgroundThe comparative efficacy of percutaneous techniques for the preparation of calcified lesions before stenting remains poorly studied.ObjectivesThis study sought to compare the performance of up-front rotational atherectomy (RA) or balloon-based techniques before drug-eluting stent implantation in severely calcified coronary lesions as assessed by angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsPatient-level data from the PREPARE-CALC (Comparison of Strategies to Prepare Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions) and ISAR-CALC (Comparison of Strategies to Prepare Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions) randomized trials were pooled. The primary endpoint was stent expansion as assessed by OCT imaging. The secondary endpoints included stent eccentricity, stent asymmetry, angiographic acute lumen gain, strategy success and in-hospital occurrence of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization.ResultsAmong 274 patients originally randomized, 200 participants with available OCT data after lesion preparation with RA (n = 63), a modified balloon (MB, n = 103), or a super high-pressure balloon (n = 34) before stenting were analyzed. The use of RA versus MB or a super high-pressure balloon led to comparable stent expansion (73.2% ± 11.6% vs 70.8% ± 13.6% vs 71.8% ± 12.2%, P = 0.49) and stent asymmetry (P = 0.83). Compared with RA or MB, a super high-pressure balloon was associated with less stent eccentricity (P = 0.03) with a numerically higher acute lumen gain, albeit not significantly different (P = 0.08). Strategy success was more frequent with RA versus MB (P = 0.002) and numerically more frequent with RA versus a super high-pressure balloon (P = 0.06). Clinical outcomes did not differ between groups.ConclusionsIn patients with severely calcified lesions undergoing drug-eluting stent implantation, lesion preparation with RA, MB, or a super high-pressure balloon was associated with comparable stent expansion. A super high-pressure balloon is associated with less stent eccentricity, whereas strategy success is more frequent with RA.