变位试验结合手法复位诊治良性发作性位置性眩晕

目的:探讨变位试验诊断良性发作性位置性眩晕(BPPV)及耳石手法复位的疗效。方法:回顾性分析50例BPPV患者的资料,对所有患者进行全面病史采集,行变位试验(Roll试验和Dix-hallpike试验)判定BPPV的类型及侧别,对后半规管BPPV(PC-BPPV)患者采用Epley手法复位,对水平半规管BPPV(HC-BPPV)管石症患者采用Barbecue翻滚法复位,对水平半规管嵴顶结石症患者采用Gufoni疗法、Casani解脱法和Barbecue翻滚法复位。结果:随访3周时治愈42例(84%),有效49例(98%),无效1例(2%),且无明显不良反应。结论:根据典型病史及变位试验可判断BPPV的类型及侧别。手法复位治疗BPPV效果显著、简便、安全,适于临床推广。     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕的耳石复位治疗

目的探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)耳石复位法的疗效。方法应用Epley手法、Barbecue翻滚法和Semont手法对12例BPPV患者进行治疗。结果12例患者经上述手法复位治疗48h后眩晕症状均完全消失,无明显不良反应,分别随访3～11个月无再发。结论耳石复位法治疗BPPV有效、简便、安全,可作为BPPV的首选治疗方法。     

耳石复位法治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕42例临床分析

目的 探讨耳石复位法治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的效果.方法 应用 Epley管石复位法、 Semont管石解脱法、Barbecue翻滚法治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕42例.结果 42 例中经耳石复位法治愈36例(85.7%),有效4例(9.5%),复位失败2例(4.8%).失败的2例经前庭功能训练治愈.结论 耳石复位法是BPPV的首选治疗方法,对于复位失败的患者可试行前庭功能训练.     

184例良性发作性位置性眩晕的耳石定位与手法复位治疗的临床分析

目的观察不同半规管所致良性发作性位置性眩晕(BPPV)发生率,及不同复位手法治疗的疗效,探讨其最佳治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2011年1月²012年6月间在我院住院的184例BPPV患者的临床资料,对不同复位手法(Epley法、Barbecue翻滚法、Semont摆动法)的疗效进行比较。结果 184例患者中单半规管受累141例(76.63%),复位有效136例(96.45%);多半规管受累43例(23.37%),复位有效37例(86.04%)。总有效率94.02%。Epley手法复位有效率92.76%、Barbecue翻滚法复位有效率85.93%、Semont摆动法复位有效率95.35%。复发率3.26%,复位>2次103例。结论 BPPV患者中单半规管受累最常见;手法复位是BPPV的最有效的治疗方法。而半规管定位及复位手法的选择是影响疗效的主要因素。     

Barbecue法治疗向地性眼震型水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕耳石半规管转换临床分析

目的探讨Barbecue法治疗向地性眼震型水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕过程中耳石发生半规管转换的正确诊断与治疗方法。方法与结果选择2010年1-12月共66例符合向地性眼震型水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕诊断的病例,施以Barbecue法复位治疗,治疗过程中6例(9.09%)转变为后半规管耳石、10例(15.15%)转变为背地性眼震;50例(75.76%)未发生半规管转换,3例(4.55%)治疗后30 d随访时复发。治疗后30d随访时,治疗总有效率达95.45%(63/66),无一例发生严重不良反应。结论向地性眼震型水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕手法复位过程中可能发生耳石半规管转换,应密切关注眼震特点,务求尽早发现并再次行手法复位。     

耳石复位法治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕

目的 探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)耳石复位法的疗效.方法 应用Epley手法、Barbecue翻滚法和Semont手法对110例BPPV患者进行治疗.结果 110例患者经上述手法复位治疗后眩晕症状均完全消失或改善,治愈率94.5% ,总有效率100%,无明显不良反应.结论 手法复位治疗BPPV患者是一种非常有效的方法,它能有效的缩短病程,减轻患者痛苦,其方法简单、易行且费用低,可以在临床广泛使用.     

联合手法复位治疗后半规管良性发作性位置性眩晕疗效观察

良性发作性位置性眩晕（BPPV）是因特定头位改变而诱发的阵发性短暂眩晕,是最常见的位置性眩晕,约占位置性眩晕患者的90%.BPPV可能涉及到各个半规管,但后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕（PC-BPPV）最常见[1].耳石复位法是治疗PC-BPPV的主要方法.现将我科2012-04-2013-02耳石复位法治疗68例PC-BPPV患者资料报告如下.     

手法复位不同类型良性发作性位置性眩晕的预后

目的探讨手法复位不同类型良性发作性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的预后。方法应用变位试验对62例BPPV患者进行分型、定位,并采用耳石复位技术给予复位治疗。结果耳石位于后半规管(PC)55例(88.7%),水平半规管(HC)14例(22.6%),前半规管1例(1.6%);单一半规管46例(74.2%),混合半规管13例(21.0%)。单一半规管复位后1 d及3 d治愈率明显高于混合半规管(均P0.01),PC-BPPV复位后1 d及3 d治愈率明显高于HC-BPPV(均P0.05);1周后治愈率差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论后半规管型及单一半规管耳石BPPV患者复位治疗的早期疗效好于其他类型患者。     

耳石复位对主观性良性阵发性位置性眩晕的疗效观察

目的探讨手法复位对主观性良性阵发性位置性眩晕(S-BPPV)的临床疗效。方法通过变位试验(Roll试验和Dix-hallpike试验)对50例诊断S-BPPV患者进行分型及侧别判定,对可能的后半规管S-BPPV患者采用Epley手法复位,对水平半规管S-BPPV患者采用Barbecue翻滚法复位,对混合型S-BPPV患者采用Epley手法联合Barbecue翻滚法复位,连续治疗3周,观察临床疗效及不良反应。结果 3周后随访时治愈38/50例(76%),有效46/50例(92%),无效4/50例(8%),无严重不良反应。结论根据典型病史及变位试验可判断S-BPPV的类型及侧别,给予相应的手法复位治疗效果显著、简便、安全,适于临床推广。     

Barbecue翻滚法治疗水平半规管良性发作性位置性眩晕有效性研究

目的:评价Barbecue翻滚法和体位限制在治疗水平半规管良性发作性位置性眩晕(HC-BPPV)中的作用。方法:将HC-BPPV患者随机分成2组,复位组给予Barbecue翻滚法治疗加体位限制,对照组仅给予体位限制治疗。结果:复位组23例,对照组22例,第4天随访时复位组和对照组的治疗成功率分别为78．3％(18/23)和22．7％(5/22),两者相差显著((?)~2=11．74,p＜0．005),第7天随访时,两者的成功率分别为82．6％(19/23)和31．8％(7/22),两者也相差显著((?)~2=9．9,p＜0．005)。结论:Barbecue翻滚法治疗效果明显高于体位限制治疗,凡HC-BPPV诊断明确者均应给予Barbecue翻滚法治疗。     

Localizing signs in positional vertigo due to lateral canal cupulolithiasis

BACKGROUND: Different types of benign positional vertigo (BPV) have been recognized. The variant with permanent apogeotropic direction-changing lateral nystagmus in the supine position is particularly difficult to distinguish from central etiologies. OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical features of this variant of BPV, helping to establish its peripheral etiology. METHODS: In five patients without any evidence of neurologic disease and with this variant of positional vertigo, the behavior of nystagmus as a function of head position in space was studied. RESULTS: In the supine position, a null point for lateral nystagmus was identified, beyond which the nystagmus changed direction. This null point was evident when the head was turned 10 to 20 degrees to the side. In this position, the ipsilateral cupula of the lateral semicircular canal is aligned with the gravity vector. In two of the five patients, a null point was identified in pitch, beyond which the nystagmus reversed direction. This null point corresponds to the head position where the lateral canals are in an earth horizontal plane. CONCLUSION: From the behavior of lateral nystagmus in different head positions, the lateral canal system of the inner ear is shown to be gravity-sensitive and the side on which the cupula is affected can be determined.     

Horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (h-BPPV): Transition of canalolithiasis to cupulolithiasis

We report on 2 patients with typical features of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (h-BPPV). A vigorous head positioning in these patients from supine to a bending-over, head-on-the-knees position reversed the direction of nystagmus from geotropic initially to ageotropic when rolling the head from side to side while supine. We explain this by a conversion of canalolithiasis into cupulolithiasis and conclude that (1) canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis may sequentially occur in the same semicircular canal with subsequent positioning maneuvers and (2) positional nystagmus beating toward the uppermost ear is not a pathognomonic sign of central vestibular disturbance but can indicate occasional cupulolithiasis.     

Horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HC-BPPV) with direction-changing apogeotropic nystagmus: a case with the more-triggering side altering over a short-term]

We report a 44-year-old man who had apogeotropic nystagmus with the rotation of his head to either side from the supine position. His nystagmus lasted more than 2 minutes and was difficult to treat with. There were no neurological abnormalities except for the nystagmus and no findings suggesting intracranial disease on MRI. The head-position in which more intense nystagmus was evoked changed again and again in a short term. We diagnosed his illness as cupulolithiasis of horizontal canal, however, the affected ear could not be explained by any of the previously supposed mechanisms. In our case, we speculate the following mechanism. Otoliths were located on the right utricular side of the cupula. All of them were attached on the cupula at the beginning(attached phase) and then, some of them were detached from it(detached phase). The extent of the cupular deviation differed in each phase when the otoliths were beneath the cupula with his head turned to the left lateral position. According to Ewald's second law, more intense nystagmus is evoked when the cupula deviates toward the utricle than away from it. The patient's head-position in which more intense nystagmus was evoked changed according to the balance between the effect of Ewald's second law and the amount of otoliths detached from cupula. Our case showed that, in HC-BPPV with direction-changing apogeotropic nystagmus, we could not be certain about which ear was diseased. Therefore, it may be difficult to apply exercise therapy by determining the affected ear based on the head-position in which more intense nystagmus is evoked.     

Apogeotropic central positional nystagmus as a sole sign of nodular infarction

Positional vertigo and nystagmus without associated neurological symptoms and signs are characteristic features of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Although positional nystagmus may occur with caudal cerebellar infarction including the nodulus, positional nystagmus is usually associated with other neurological signs such as spontaneous or gaze-evoked nystagmus, perverted head-shaking nystagmus, cerebellar dysmetria, or severe gait ataxia with falling. We present a patient with nodular infarction who had positional vertigo with nystagmus as a sole manifestation. Video-oculography showed apogeotropic positional horizontal nystagmus during head turning while supine, which was consistent with apogeotropic BPPV involving the horizontal canal. MRI disclosed acute infarct in the nodulus. Nodulus infarction should be considered in a patient with positional nystagmus, especially when the presenting symptoms and signs are consistent with BPPV involving the horizontal canal.     

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the horizontal canal.

OBJECTIVES--To review the clinical features, electronystagmography findings, the possible mechanism, and a possible therapeutic approach to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). METHODS--Sixty-three cases of BPPV of the horizontal canal type have been reviewed. It is characterised by horizontal nystagmus and an intense vertigo, provoked by rotation of the head in a supine patient. The horizontal nystagmus beats towards the ground on both sides, becomes more pronounced when lying on the pathological side, and then the nystagmus often changes direction. RESULTS--Forty-eight patients underwent electronystagmography. On the pathological side, the first phase nystagmus had a mean latency of three seconds and a mean duration of 31.6 seconds. Nystagmus inversion occurred in 36 patients after a nystagmus free interval. The mean second phase nystagmus duration lasted 33.4 seconds. On the healthy side, the nystagmus had a mean latency of 3.4 seconds and a mean duration of 39.5 seconds. Fatigue was seen in six patients. Simultaneous involvement of the posterior canal was present in 16 patients. A liberatory manoeuvre was successful in six patients. CONCLUSIONS--The liberatory manoeuvre should be tried in patients with horizontal canal vertigo. It should not be performed in patients with severe cervical arthrosis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, or when the patient has neck pain during the manoeuvre.     

Nystagmus during neck flexion in the pitch plane in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo involving the horizontal canal

BACKGROUND: In benign paroxysmal positional vertigo involving the horizontal canal (HC-BPPV), nystagmus may be induced by neck flexion in the pitch plane while sitting (head-bending nystagmus). OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics and lateralizing value of head-bending nystagmus in HC-BPPV. METHODS: Using video-oculography, head-bending nystagmus was recorded in 54 patients with HC-BPPV (32 canalolithiasis and 22 cupulolithiasis). Lesion side was determined by comparing intensity of the nystagmus induced by lateral head turning (head-turning nystagmus) in supine. RESULTS: Head-bending nystagmus was observed in 39 patients (72.2%) and lying-down nystagmus in 41 (75.9%). Thirty three patients (61.1%) showed both types of nystagmus while six (11.1%) had only head-bending and another eight (14.8%) showed only lying-down nystagmus. In 45 patients with asymmetrical head-turning nystagmus, the direction of head-bending nystagmus was mostly toward the affected ear in canalolithasis (88.9%) and toward the intact ear in cupulolithasis (80.0%). In 9 (16.7%) patients whose affected ear could not be determined due to symmetrical head-turning nystagmus, the particle repositioning maneuver based on the direction of head-bending or lying-down nystagmus resulted in the resolution of symptom. Two patients showed a transition from canalo- to cupulolithiasis during head-bending posture. CONCLUSION: In HC-BPPV, neck flexion in the pitch plane while sitting may generate nystagmus by inducing ampullopetal migration of the otolithic debris in the horizontal canal or by ampullofugal deflection of the cupula by the attached otolithic debris. Head-bending nystagmus may be a valuable sign for lateralizing the involved canal in HC-BPPV, especially when patients show symmetrical head-turning nystagmus. Conversion of canalo- into cupulolithiasis by the neck flexion supports the current explanation of the mechanisms of HC-BPPV.     

New therapeutic maneuver for anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

This article describes the clinical features of anterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (AC-BPPV) and a new therapeutic maneuver for its management. Our study was a retrospective review of cases from an ambulatory tertiary referral center. Thirteen patients afflicted with positional paroxysmal vertigo exhibiting brief positional down-beating nystagmus in positional tests (Dix–Hallpike and head-hanging position) were treated with a maneuver comprised of the following movements: Sequential head positioning beginning supine with head hanging 30° dependent with respect to the body, then supine with head inclined 30° forward, and ending sitting with head 30° forward. All cases showed excellent therapeutic response to our repositioning procedure, i.e. relief of vertigo and elimination of nystagmus. The maneuver described is an option for AC-BPPV treatment.     

Efficacy of mastoid oscillation and the Gufoni maneuver for treating apogeotropic horizontal benign positional vertigo: a randomized controlled study

To determine the immediate and short-term efficacies of mastoid oscillation vs. Gufoni maneuver in treating the apogeotropic type of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HC-BPPV), we designed a randomized, prospective, sham-controlled study. In eight dizziness clinics in Korea, 209 consecutive patients with apogeotropic HC-BPPV were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to receive a single application of Gufoni (n = 70), mastoid oscillation (n = 67), or sham maneuver (n = 72). Immediate and second-day responses were determined based on the results within 1 h after a single trial of each maneuver and the following day, respectively. Second-day response was assessed in patients who were non-responders on the first day. The short-term response was determined based on the cumulative response for 2 days. Successful treatment was defined as a resolution of positional nystagmus or as a transition into geotropic horizontal nystagmus (not requires vertigo symptom resolution). The immediate responses of the Gufoni maneuver (33/70, 47.1%) and mastoid oscillation (32/67, 47.8%) were better than the sham maneuver (14/72, 19.4%) (p = 0.00). The second-day results did not differ among the three groups (p = 0.76). The short-term responses showed better efficacies with the Gufoni maneuver (51/70, 76.1%) and mastoid oscillation (46/67, 71.9%) than with the sham maneuver (38/72, 53.5%) (p = 0.02). Therapeutic efficacies did not differ between the Gufoni and mastoid oscillation groups in terms of both immediate and short-term outcomes (p = 0.94, 0.57). Both the Gufoni maneuver and mastoid oscillation are valid methods for treating apogeotropic HC-BPPV, with a success rate of approximately 70% for a single maneuver during the short-term follow-up. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier number: NCT02046980.     

Vertigo and vestibular abnormalities in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a calcium channelopathy due to a pathological CAG repeat expansion in CACNL1A4. Patients frequently describe paroxysmal vertigo early in the disease course, but it is not clear whether this is central or labyrinthine in origin. To address this issue we studied 21 SCA6 patients. Symptoms of vertigo were defined using a structured questionnaire. Signs were recorded during a standardised bed-side vestibular examination that included systematic positional testing with Frenzel goggles. Brief, recurrent attacks of vertigo occurred in 13 patients, usually preceding the onset of ataxia. Nystagmus was observed behind Frenzel goggles in 14 patients, and was induced either during positional testing, or head shaking in 20 patients. Only one patient had findings typical of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Combined downbeat and horizontal gaze-evoked nystagmus (“side-pocket”) was the most common form, occurring most commonly in supine and head-hanging positions, and following horizontal head-shaking. Nystagmus beating away from the ground (apogeotropic) occurred in 9 patients as they lay on their side. In conclusion, vertigo and abnormalities on bedside vestibular examination are common in SCA6, with forms of nystagmus typical of cerebellar, rather than labyrinthine, disease. These findings demonstrate phenotypic overlap between SCA6 and episodic ataxia type 2, which are both due to mutations in CACNL1A4.