复合真菌多糖抗肿瘤作用研究

「目的」对复合真菌多糖作为保健食品的抑瘤作用进行评价,并初步研究其作用机制。「方法」选用小鼠Ｓ１８０肉瘤及Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌移植性肿瘤模型,以《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法》为实验依据。「结果」复合真菌多糖０．３３ｇ／ｋｇ、１．００ｇ／ｋｇ剂量组对小鼠移植性Ｓ１８０肉瘤及Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌抑制率两次均达到３０％以上。复合真菌多糖０．３３ｇ／ｋｇ组可显著增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率,１．００     

黄芪多糖的抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展

黄芪多糖(Astragalus Polysaccharide,APS)是一种具有多重功效的天然提取物,具有抗肿瘤功效,研究价值和经济价值很高。本文就黄芪多糖的抗肿瘤功效及抗肿瘤机制的最新研究进展进行综述,可望对黄芪多糖在临床抗肿瘤方面的应用提供理论依据。     

石斛属植物抗肿瘤作用及其活性成分的研究

本文对近年来有关石斛属植物中的生物碱、多糖、联苄类及菲类等主要抗肿瘤活性成分的研究进展和动态作一综述。     

生物活性多糖的抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展

生物活性多糖是一类品种繁多、生理功能多样、由7个以上1种或2种以上单糖以特殊糖苷键缩合而成的高分子碳水化合物聚合体,广泛存在于自然界中的动物、植物、微生物和海洋生物等所有生物体内,具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。通过分析,阐述了生物活性多糖的分类、抗肿瘤作用及其增强机体特异性和非特异性免疫功能、抗自由基损伤、诱导癌细胞凋亡或直接杀死肿瘤细胞等多种作用机制协同实现抗癌以及临床抗肿瘤药用等内容。     

铁皮石斛颗粒增强免疫力作用的实验研究

目的探讨铁皮石斛颗粒增强免疫力的作用。方法设667,333,167 mg/kg·BW 3个剂量组及一个阴性对照组,分别以相应剂量的铁皮石斛颗粒(样品)给小鼠连续灌胃30天,在试验结束时分别进行脾淋巴细胞转化能力、抗体生成细胞数、NK细胞活性等7项免疫指标的测定。结果铁皮石斛颗粒(样品)对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖转化能力、迟发型变态反应、抗体生成细胞增殖有促进作用,还可以提高小鼠的血清溶血素水平,增强小鼠的单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清功能,但对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力及NK细胞活性无明显影响。结论铁皮石斛颗粒具有增强免疫力的作用。     

保健食品中水溶性多糖测定方法改进

水溶性多糖是指分子量大于10 kD且能溶于水的聚合糖,大多具有明显的抗肿瘤活性和免疫调节功效,它广泛存在于植物(如黄芪、枸杞等)、菌类(灵芝、虫草等)和藻类(如海带、螺旋藻等)中,并作为许多保健食品的功效因子使用,其含量测定方法有比色法、液相色谱法、电化学分析法和生物传     

茶多糖抗肿瘤及其增强免疫作用的研究

目的探讨茶多糖抗肿瘤和增强免疫功能的作用。方法以肉瘤S180荷瘤小鼠为实验对象,通过给予不同剂量茶多糖,观察S180小鼠体重,脾细胞增殖能力和脾细胞培养上清中IL-2和TNF-α含量的变化。结果茶多糖能明显提高试验组荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤率（P〈0.05）,给予200g/kg和400mg/kg的茶多糖能明显促进小鼠脾细胞增殖、IL-2及TNF-α的产生（P〈0.05）,同时能提高血清中IgG的含量（P〈0.05）。结论茶多糖对肿瘤生长具有抑制作用,其抑瘤活性可能与其免疫增强作用有关。     

茯苓多糖及其修饰物抗肿瘤作用及机制研究进展

文章对近10年国内外茯苓多糖及其修饰物抗肿瘤效应及其作用机制进行综述,为进一步研究开发和资源利用提供理论基础.深入研究茯苓多糖的结构修饰及其相应的抗肿瘤机制,对于将茯苓这一传统中药开发成用于恶性肿瘤防治的现代化新药具有重要意义.     

黄蘑多糖的辐射防护作用及其机理的初步探讨

本文研究了黄蘑多糖的辐射防护作用及其对受照小鼠肝脏组织中LPO含量及SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性的影响。结果表明,黄蘑多糖可明显提高受致死剂量照射小鼠的30 d存活率(P <0.05),延长存活天数,保护指数可达1.32,并且,黄蘑多糖的这种辐射防护效果与有效的辐射防护药物人参多糖相似。进一步研究发现,小鼠经8.0Gy X射线照射后72h,黄蘑多糖能明显降低受照小鼠肝脏中LPO含量(P <0.01),且显著增强其SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性(P <0.05)。提示,黄蘑多糖具有明显的辐射防护作用,且可与人参多糖相比。其作用机理与促进自由基清除,抑制或阻断自由基引发的脂质过氧化反应,提高机体抗氧化能力有关。     

The Role and Mechanism of Polysaccharides in Anti-Aging

The elderly proportion of the population is gradually increasing, which poses a great burden to society, the economy, and the medical field. Aging is a physiological process involving multiple organs and numerous reactions, and therefore it is not easily explained or defined. At present, a growing number of studies are focused on the mechanisms of aging and potential strategies to delay aging. Some clinical drugs have been demonstrated to have anti-aging effects; however, many still have deficits with respect to safety and long-term use. Polysaccharides are natural and efficient biological macromolecules that act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and immune regulators. Not surprisingly, these molecules have recently gained attention for their potential use in anti-aging therapies. In fact, multiple polysaccharides have been found to have excellent anti-aging effects in different animal models including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice. The anti-aging qualities of polysaccharides have been linked to several mechanisms, such as improved antioxidant capacity, regulation of age-related gene expression, and improved immune function. Here, we summarize the current findings from research related to anti-aging polysaccharides based on various models, with a focus on the main anti-aging mechanisms of oxidative damage, age-related genes and pathways, immune modulation, and telomere attrition. This review aims to provide a reference for further research on anti-aging polysaccharides.     

Soluble Fiber Polysaccharides: Effects on Plasma Cholesterol and Colonic Fermentation

Many soluble-fiber polysaccharides, used as stabilizers and thickeners by the food industry, lower plasma cholesterol and slow small intestinal transit and nutrient absorption. Although nondigestible by human enzymes, these polysaccharides are fermented by the large-bowel microflora, yielding short-chain fatty acids that are absorbed and contribute to energy. The caloric yield from fiber polysaccharides needs to be quantified. Short-chain fatty acid production from soluble fibers is modified by the presence of insoluble fibers but, in total, is probably less than from other carbohydrates, e.g., resistant starch. Short-chain fatty acids do not seem to mediate effects of fiber on plasma cholesterol, but in the large bowel they exert the trophic and antineoplastic effects of dietary fiber. The mechanism for cholesterol reduction by soluble fibers relates to enhanced steroid excretion and altered fat absorption and may be a function of the viscosity of these fibers in solution. The relationships between the chemical structure of soluble polysaccharides and their documented physiologic effects are not yet clear. By using polysaccharides of defined structure and properties, it should be possible to identify those characteristics that predict physiologic actions.     

铁皮石斛西洋参混合物对不同性别小鼠缓解体力疲劳作用的研究

目的研究铁皮石斛西洋参混合物对不同性别小鼠缓解体力疲劳作用的影响。方法分别将雌、雄小鼠分为4组,即阴性对照组和低、中、高3个剂量组（1.00、2.00和6.00 g/kg）。小鼠经口灌胃不同剂量铁皮石斛西洋参混合物样品30 d,观察各组小鼠负重游泳时间、肝糖元以及游泳后血清尿素、血乳酸指标的变化。结果与阴性对照组相比,铁皮石斛西洋参混合物3个剂量组雌性小鼠负重游泳时间均延长,血清尿素含量均降低,差异有统计学意义。铁皮石斛西洋参混合物3个剂量组雄性小鼠负重游泳时间、血清尿素含量和阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义。铁皮石斛西洋参混合物高剂量组能提高雌性小鼠肝糖原含量,差异有统计学意义。结论铁皮石斛西洋参混合物对雌性小鼠具有缓解体力疲劳作用,对雄性小鼠作用不明显。     

余甘子中水溶性鞣质的抗动脉粥样硬化作用机制研究

目的在细胞水平证实中药余甘子(Phyllanthus Emblica L.)的两个可溶性鞣质成分Phy-13(beta-1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose)和Phy-16(1,6-di-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose)是否具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用。方法人脐动脉内皮细胞ECV-304经ox-LDL(50 mg/l)诱导,MDA试剂盒检测Phy-13和Phy-16作用后内皮细胞培养上清液中丙二醛(MDA)的水平,MTT法检测动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的增殖,细胞计数仪计数单核细胞和内皮细胞的黏附。结果Phy-13和Phy-16能减少内皮细胞MDA的生成,减少ox-LDL诱发的单核细胞和内皮细胞黏附,并能对抗ox-LDL诱导的动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖。结论Phy-13和Phy-16能够对抗ox-LDL诱导的动脉粥样硬化,这可能是余甘子治疗动脉粥样硬化相关疾病的重要机制之一。     

银耳多糖辐射防护作用的研究

目的 研究银耳多糖对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法 采用小鼠30天存活率和外周血液学参数考察银耳多糖对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。结果 小鼠在接受8Gy伽玛射线照射前连续三天以18,54,72 mg/kg剂量腹腔注射银耳多糖,可以明显减轻照射对小鼠造成的损伤,使存活率增强,存活天数延长。外周血中血红蛋白含量、白细胞数、红细胞数在照射后第14,18天保持较高水平,与单纯照射组相比有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 银耳多糖对辐射损伤小鼠有较好的保护作用。     

Polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus Fruiting Bodies: Structural Characterization,Immunomodulatory Activity and Mechanism

Five fractions from crude Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEPs), including HEP-1, HEP-2, HEP-3, HEP-4 and HEP-5, were obtained through column chromatography with a DEAE Cellulose-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column. The contents of total carbohydrates and uronic acid in HEPs were 53.36% and 32.56%, respectively. HEPs were mainly composed of Fuc, Gal and Glu in a molar ratio of 7.9:68.4:23.7. Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. HEP-1 contains the backbone composed of (1→6)-linked-galactose with branches attached to O-2 of some glucose. The immunological activity assay indicated that HEP-1 significantly promoted the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules. Collectively, these results suggested that HEP-1 could improve immunity via NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides might be explored as an immunomodulatory agent for use in dietary supplements.     

枸杞多糖缓解小鼠体力疲劳作用研究及机制探讨

<正>现代竞技体育运动对运动员体能和生理等方面要求增加,竞争也愈加激烈~([1])。为创造新的成绩,运动员需从事长时间、高强度、超负荷的训练,并在训练之外寻找各种方法提高运动水平。《本草纲目》记载枸杞有强精健体之功效,其减缓体力疲劳的机制及其活性成分已有少量报道,但各项研究涉及的缓解体力疲劳活性组分不尽统一,功能评价方法和指标也存在差异。本实验以运动疲劳的特殊生理变化和枸杞多糖(Lycium     

茶多糖降血糖机制研究

目的 研究茶多糖对四氧嘧啶小鼠的降血糖作用和机制。方法 (1)ICR小鼠预防性给予茶多糖4周，再予四氧嘧啶造模3天后，观察对血糖和肝脏SOD、GSH-Px和MDA的影响。(2)对四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠予茶多糖6周，观察对血糖和肝葡萄糖激酶的影响。结果 (1)预防性给予茶多糖对小鼠造模前后血糖无明显升高。与正常组比较，肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性提高，MDA含量降低。(2)茶多糖对四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠有显著的降血糖作用，肝葡萄糖激酶活性增加。结论 茶多糖有显著的降血糖作用，其降血糖机制有提高肝脏抗氧化能力，增强肝葡萄糖激酶活性。     

声动力学疗法的抗癌机理

本文简要介绍了声动力学疗法的发展过程；分析了其抗癌的主要机理是由于超声的空化作用激活血叩琳产生具有细胞毒性的单线态分子氧；并指出声动力学法是一种很有前途的抗癌方法。