无机非金属固体浮力材料的研制

以偏高岭土、矿渣与钠水玻璃反应生成的地聚物为基体材料,通过填充大量空心玻璃微珠制备了密度低、强度高的无机非金属固体浮力材料,研究了反应体系液固比、矿渣加入量、固化温度及时间对材料密度和抗压强度的影响,并对其吸水性和耐高温性能进行了测试.研究结果表明:当体系液固比为1.5,矿渣加入量为20％,固化温度及时间分别为60℃和24 h时,制得的无机非金属固体浮力材料的综合性能较好,密度和抗压强度分别为0.78 g/cm3和17.0 MPa,且材料具有较低的吸水率及较好的耐高温性能,可达到550℃.     

纤维改性磷石膏基胶凝材料及阻裂作用机理分析

在磷石膏基胶凝材料(PGS)中加入纤维改善PGS的抗裂性能,通过评价不同龄期样品的抗冲击功、抗折强度、抗冻融性能和分析断口形貌等表征纤维对PGS固化体的抗裂效果.结果表明:化纤对PGS固化体增韧和抗裂性能优于矿纤和玻纤.在20℃(湿度＞90％)条件下,化纤掺量为0.7％时,PGS固化体28d的抗冲击功和抗折强度分别较净浆试块提高了389.5％和50.6％;在冻融循环15次后掺化纤的PGS固化体抗冲击功、抗折强度和质量损失率较PGS净浆固化体分别降低了87.4％、71.4％和86.0％;化纤穿插于PGS固化体内部,形成一种三维的网状包裹状态,起桥联搭接作用,抗裂效果显著.     

碱矿渣复合水泥--放射性废物固化基材力学性能的研究(一)

在碱矿渣水泥中,掺入参改性其水化产物,提高其吸附性能的粘土矿物材料,构成用于放射性废物固化的碱矿渣复合水泥体系。研究了该体系的力学性能,结果表明,粘土矿物的掺量和养护制度对碱矿渣复合水泥的强度有较大影响,当热活化高岭土,沸石,改性凹凸棒掺量分别为１０％、５％、１５％时,其２８ｄ净浆抗压强度达８９．８ＭＰａ。该复合水泥浆体宜湿气养护,且具有良好的耐辐照和抗硫酸盐性能。     

聚合硫酸铝改性矿渣硅酸盐水泥水化及其抗氯离子渗透性能研究

通过RCM法研究不同掺量聚合硫酸铝(0wt％、1wt％、2wt％、3wt％)加入后对矿粉掺量60wt％的矿渣硅酸盐水泥浆体水化及其抗氯离子渗透能力的影响.研究了抗压强度、孔隙率的变化并对水化产物的组成、含量、微观形貌进行了XRD、TG-DSC及SEM分析.实验结果表明,掺入聚合硫酸铝后可以提高矿渣硅酸盐水泥抗氯离子渗透性能,可以显著提高硬化浆体28 d龄期抗压强度,降低孔隙率,促进矿渣颗粒水化,提高水化产物生成量,使微观结构更密实.     

透水碱矿渣混凝土的制备与性能研究

研究了聚丙烯纤维、增稠剂及硅灰等改性材料对碱矿渣胶结材浆体流动度、流变性能以及抗压强度的影响,同时研究了这些改性材料和骨胶比对透水碱矿渣混凝土抗压强度、孔含量及透水率的影响.结果表明:用5～10 mm的玄武岩碎石和碱矿渣胶结材通过插捣成型可以制备28 d抗压强度在40.6 MPa、孔含量15％、透水率3.76 mm/s的透水碱矿渣混凝土;碱矿渣浆体的粘度系数过大时混凝土拌合物的工作性差、插捣难以密实,制得试件强度较低而透水率、孔含量较大;硅灰的掺入对骨浆界面的粘结性能有明显改善,在浆体用量较多时对强度的提高有利.     

赤泥对水泥固化体性能的影响

研究了赤泥对碱矿渣水泥固化体(AASS)以及硅酸盐水泥固化体(PCS)在力学性能、Cs+浸出性能、抗冻融性能、抗冲击性能以及干燥收缩性能方面的影响.试验结果表明:赤泥对碱矿渣水泥的流动性影响不大,而赤泥严重影响PCS的流动性,掺入30％时流动度降低51.9％.10％赤泥掺量有利于PCS和AASS的力学性能,继续提高掺量则不利于固化体的力学性能.当赤泥掺量低于30％时可降低AASS中Cs+的浸出性,PCS的浸出性随赤泥掺量的增加而提高.AASS的抗冻融性能及抗冲击性能均满足相关标准要求.赤泥提高了AASS的干燥收缩率.将赤泥用于碱矿渣水泥固化体具有可行性.     

混合碱溶液对碱矿渣水泥水化性能影响研究

固定Na2O当量为4％,测试了不同混合碱溶液对碱矿渣水泥凝结时间的影响及抗压强度发展规律.其中,混合碱溶液由水玻璃、Na3PO4·12H2O及NaOH按规定比例两两混合而成.结合水化热分析了混合碱溶液在碱矿渣水泥中的水化过程.结果表明:Na3PO4·12H2O主要影响碱矿渣水泥凝结时间,在低掺量下,对碱矿渣水泥起缓凝作用;在高掺量下,引起碱矿渣水泥速凝,但浆体长时间不硬化.加入Na3PO4·12H2O后,水泥石早期强度低而后期强度较高.     

偏硅酸钠掺量对高硼废液水泥固化体力学性能的影响

为研究偏硅酸钠掺量对高硼废液水泥固化体力学性能的影响,测试了3％、5％、7％(质量分数)碱当量下水泥固化体的抗压强度,采用量热实验、XRD、FT-IR、TG-DSC、SEM等分析技术,对水化产物建立起宏观性能和微观结构的联系,探究力学性能变化的微观机理.实验结果表明:对于普硅水泥-高硼溶液体系,以偏硅酸钠为激发剂,相同龄期下,随着碱当量的增加,试样的抗压强度随之增加;碱当量为5％以上时,试样的各龄期抗压强度可显著提高,28 d抗压强度达10.36 MPa以上.碱当量的增加使得水化产物中的氢氧化钙增多,从而填充了水泥固化体中的空隙,使其强度提高;产物中的C-S-H凝胶是固化体抗压强度的主要来源.     

掺聚丙烯纤维的碱矿渣粉煤灰混凝土抗碳化性能及微结构

本文研究了聚丙烯纤维对碱矿渣混凝土抗碳化性能及碱矿渣硬化水泥浆体微观孔结构的影响,对硬化碱矿渣浆体的孔隙率、碱矿渣混凝土水化产物以及碳化深度进行了测试.结果表明,聚丙烯纤维能改善碱矿渣混凝土的微孔结构与抗碳化性能.当聚丙烯纤维掺量为0.9 kg/m3时,碱矿渣混凝土28 d龄期的孔隙率降低1％o,碳化深度降低25.9％,且随纤维掺率的提高,其抗碳化性能提高更加明显.SEM分析结果表明,纤维与硬化浆体紧密结合并有效改善硬化浆体的孔结构,而粉煤灰的掺入使硬化浆体的结构变得较为疏松.     

碱矿渣水泥的热激发研究

研究了在热激发条件下,碱组分中的水玻璃掺量对碱矿渣水泥性能的影响及其规律.结果表明:通过蒸养手段实现了"热激发"的两个主要作用:(1)水玻璃的加入量在8.89%～18.45%范围内时,各配比激发时限可缩短为常温下十分之一左右;(2)水玻璃的掺量维持在≥12%～13%时,硬化体的强度变化不大,12h抗压强度可达到50MPa以上.通过对常温养护与蒸养试样的XRD、SEM分析,表明蒸养后碱矿渣浆体中的水化物种类与常温下相同,主要为C-S-H凝胶,但结晶度变差.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997