赤泥基低温红油滴釉的研究

为降低制备成本,有效利用工业废弃物,以赤泥作为氧化铁主要来源,在1120℃左右烧成,制备出了较为理想的低温红油滴釉。探讨了釉组成中ZnO、B2 O3、CaO、MgO、Fe2 O3、Al2 O3等氧化物含量对釉面光泽度、油滴形成的影响。研究发现,低温油滴釉的形成主要基于釉的分相;B2 O3、ZnO的引入不仅可促使釉分相,并能降低釉的熔融温度增加基础相的透明度,从而得到光泽度良好的低温油滴釉;调整CaO、Al2 O3等的含量可以控制分相的产生及分相的结构;Fe2 O3会富集在油滴状的微相中;ZnO、MgO对油滴釉的颜色有较大影响,增加ZnO的含量则油滴釉由黑色变为棕红色,增加MgO的含量则油滴釉由棕色变为黑色。研究了釉层厚度对油滴形成的影响,釉层厚度为1~1.5 mm时形成的油滴效果最好。     

高温油滴釉的研制

本文通过正交试验法优化出油滴釉的基础配方,并分析了釉层厚度、烧成制度、添加着色金属氧化物对釉面及油滴的影响。实践证明:油滴釉中油滴的形成机理是由于釉中过饱和的Fe2O3分解产生大量气泡,带动周围铁氧化物富集所导致的;要想得到理想的油滴效果,釉中Fe2O3含量宜控制在6%～8%之间,釉层厚度宜控制在0.7～1.0mm之间,煅烧温度为1300℃,保温30min。     

黄色油滴釉的研制

通过调整石英、苏州土、烧滑石、方解石、钾长石、牛骨灰、Fe2O3、TiO2等原料的含量制备出黄色油滴釉;并采用L9(34)正交试验法对黄色油滴釉配方进行了进一步的优化;研究了配方组成以及烧成制度对黄色油滴釉形成的影响。结果表明:钾长石、骨灰、Fe2O和TiO2均对黄色油滴釉有较明显的影响。TiO,是影响油滴呈现黄色效果的主要因素;钾长石则能降低釉的熔融温度和黏度;Fe2O。是釉面产生油滴的关键;而骨灰则有助于釉面产生分相效果,促使油滴的析出;油滴釉最佳烧成温度为1250°C,最佳高火保温时间为40min。     

宋代建窑油滴天目釉的仿制研究

油滴釉是我国古代名贵釉种之一,传世实物极为稀少,完整件仅在日本美术馆作为国宝存有三只.本研究以宋代建窑油滴残片样品理化性能分析结果为依据,采用单因素实验方法开展了油滴天目釉的仿制实验,并从釉料配方、施釉工艺、烧成制度等方面,初步探讨了工艺因素对“油滴”形成的影响.结果显示:铁含量、釉层厚度和烧成温度、保温时间是影响“油滴”形成的关键因素.     

天目黄耀油滴釉的研制

本文通过陶瓷矿物为原料成功制备出了黄耀油滴釉,采取单因素对比实验法探讨了影响黄耀油滴釉形成的工艺因素,得出了最佳制备黄耀油滴釉的氧化铁加入量为7%,釉层厚度为1-1.2毫米,烧成温度为1310℃。     

高温蛇皮釉的研制

本文通过大量试验优选出蛇皮釉的基础配方,并对釉层厚度、烧成制度、添加金属氧化物对釉面及蛇皮釉微晶的影响等方面进行了研究,探索出蛇皮釉微晶的形成机理为:釉中的铁、镁化合物与钛在高温下进行化学反应并在特定的烧成制度下形成一种新的晶体。要想得到理想的蛇皮微晶效果,釉中的Fe2O3含量宜控制在4%~5%之间,Ti O2含量宜控制在4.5%~5.5%之间,Mg O含量宜控制在4.5%~5.5%之间,釉层厚度宜控制在0.5~0.7 mm之间。最高烧成温度为1280℃左右,当冷却到1160℃时宜保温2 h。     

MnO—PbO—ZnO系统虹彩釉工艺过程的探讨

本文讨论了添加NH3VO3的MnO-PbO-ZnO系统虹彩釉的工艺过程,探讨了釉浆细度、施釉方法、釉层厚度和烧成工艺制度等对釉性能的影响,认为该组成虹彩釉最合适的釉浆细度为万孔筛筛余0.03%,最佳施釉方法为浸釉和喷釉,釉层厚度0.35mm,最佳烧成温度1180-1210℃,最佳保温温度860℃左右,保温时间10-15分钟。     

红色油滴天目釉的试制

利用钾钠长石、方解石和石英等为主要原料,以Fe_2O_3为着色剂制备红色油滴天目釉。采用单因素实验探究方解石和石英对油滴大小、密集程度、釉面光滑度等效果的影响,同时也考察烧成温度,釉层厚度等其他因素对釉面效果的影响。实验结果表明:当配方组成中石英10%、方解石6%,浸釉总时间为16 s,烧成温度在1280益时的红色油滴天目釉的釉面效果最佳。     

油滴釉的仿制实验

本文以宋代油滴釉的化学组成参考依据,采用不同原料进行油釉的仿制实验。实验证明,油滴釉的形成首先取决于釉料的化学组成,然而,施釉厚度和烧成制度等更是决定油滴斑效果的重要因素。     

结构色乳浊釉制备工艺的研究

本文以石英、长石、滑石、方解石、磷酸钙为主要原料,研究了RO2-RO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5系统的结构色乳浊釉。研究发现:结构色乳浊釉在高温下会发生富磷相与基相的分相,在基础釉料的基础上加入TiO2、Cr2O3、V2O5、CoO、铅硼熔块等着色剂,可使烧成釉面的结构色乳浊效果易于观察。本实验通过调整着色剂的加入量,单层施釉和多层交替施釉,烧成制度等工艺,研究出结构色乳浊效果较好的釉料配方和生产工艺。通过光学显微镜(OM)等测试技术研究表明,釉面因瑞利散射和多层膜干涉而产生美丽的结构色。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.