10年追踪分析常染色体显性遗传非综合征性耳聋(DFNA41)家系听力学及遗传学特征

目的分析中国一个连续6代常染色体显性遗传性耳聋DFNA41家系的听力学及遗传学特征。方法采用回访调查的方式对家系55位成员进行全身系统检查及临床听力学检测,对部分家系成员采集血样进行候选基因突变筛查。结果该家系所有患者听力损失表现为双侧对称性轻度至重度感音神经性耳聋:40岁以下男性患者听力曲线呈高频下降型;40岁以下女性患者低频受损,听力曲线呈上升型;40岁以上患者,男女均累及全频听力,呈平坦型听力曲线。听力损失程度随着年龄的增长而逐渐加重,至40岁左右时发展为全频中度至重度耳聋。在已完成的11个候选基因突变筛查中,未发现与该家系致病相关的基因突变。结论中国遗传性耳聋DFNA41家系的听力表型与性别及年龄有关,围绕基因型与表型的研究将有助于DFNA41家系致病基因的克隆。     

常染色体显性遗传非综合征性耳聋家系临床听力学特征分析及致病基因定位研究

目的 分析一个连续六代遗传的耳聋家系临床听力学特征及遗传特征,应用连锁分析的方法定位致聋基因.方法 通过家系调查,对一个高频感音神经性聋家系的资料进行了收集、整理及临床听力学和遗传学特征的分析.对家系成员进行调查并绘制系谱图.对调查的家系成员进行病史采集、体检、纯音测听和声导抗检查.结果 该耳聋家系遗传方式为常染色体显性遗传,耳聋患者表现为语后、迟发、渐进、以高频下降为主的听力损失,早期以高频听力损失为主,随着年龄增长逐渐累及全频听力,听力曲线由下降型变为平坦型.结论 该耳聋家系为常染色体显性遗传方式,表现为高频感音神经性耳聋,通过全基因组SNP扫描及连锁分析,初步定位于4号染色体190384723-190669832区域.     

一个中国河北省遗传性低频感音神经性耳聋家系临床表型及遗传学特征分析

目的分析一个常染色体显性遗传性耳聋家系的临床听力学特征及遗传规律。方法对一个国人常染色体显性遗传低频感音神经性耳聋家系的资料进行了收集、整理及临床遗传学特征的分析。对家系成员进行调查并绘制系谱图。对调查的家系成员进行病史、体检、纯音测听、声导抗检查,两名患者进行耳声发射、听性脑干反应、前庭功能及颞骨CT扫描检查以排除听神经病及听觉系统的其他病变。结果该耳聋家系遗传方式为常染色体显性遗传,耳聋患者表现为一种迟发型的、渐进性的、以低频下降为主的听力损失,发病年龄介于10～25岁,早期以低频损失为主,听力曲线呈上升型,随着年龄增长逐渐累及全频听力,听力曲线由上升型变为平坦型。结论该耳聋家系为常染色体显性遗传方式,表现为低频感音神经性耳聋,通过全基因组扫描及连锁分析,有望发现新的低频感音神经性聋的相关基因。     

一个常染色体显性遗传非综合征性聋家系分析

目的:分析一个连续5代遗传的常染色体显性高频听力损失家系的听力学及遗传学特征。方法:通过对家系成员进行全面体检及临床听力学检测,整理、分析家系资料,确定遗传规律,绘制遗传图谱并进行听力学特征分析。应用Affymetrix 5.0SNP芯片对该家系参与连锁分析的32例成员进行全基因组扫描及连锁分析,行致病基因的染色体定位。结果:该耳聋家系(命名为SX-G087)成员共计91例。其先证者为感音神经性聋,无全身其他系统异常。耳聋遗传方式为常染色体显性遗传,发病年龄各代间较稳定,为20～35岁。听力表型为代代相传、迟发性、渐进性的中度至重度听力损失,以高频下降为主,部分患者随着年龄增长逐渐累及全频听力,听力曲线由下降型变为平坦型。应用芯片进行全基因组扫描,1～22号染色体未发现有显著连锁的区段。结论:该家系遗传学特征符合常染色体显性遗传方式,表现为早期高频听力下降并逐渐累积全频的特征,全基因组扫描未发现有显著连锁的区段。因此希望通过对该家系进一步的表型分析或者运用新一代测序技术,可以找到该家系高频感音神经性聋的致病基因。     

常染色体显性遗传性耳聋家系的遗传学特征分析

目的 听力损失是中国人群中的常见的感觉障碍性疾病。为了解遗传因素在中国听力损失病人中的作用,对两个中国耳聋大家系进行了遗传特征的分析。方法:家系中的先证者在解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊,诊断为感音神经性耳聋。通过先证者对家系成员进行调查并绘制系谱图。对调查的家系成员进行病史、体检、纯音测听及听性脑干诱发电位检查。一些家系成员进行了颞骨CT扫描检查以排除听觉系统的其他病变。结果:两个中国耳聋家系,命名为Z002及F013家系,表现为一种代代相传的中度及中重度听力掘失。遗传方式考虑为常染色体显性遗传方式。在Z002家系的听力表型表现为一种高频听力损失,而在F013家系表现为低频听力损失。结论:本文报道了两个特征为非综合征型的常染色体显性遗传的中国耳聋家系。系谱图分析提示两个家系均为常染色体显性遗传方式。这两个家系适合于进一步的连锁分析及定位克隆研究以便寻找到相应的耳聋相关基因。     

常染色体显性遗传非综合征型耳聋家系听力学及遗传学特征分析

目的分析一个连续5代遗传的耳聋大家系的临床听力学特征及遗传规律。方法通过家系调查,对家系成员进行全身系统检查及临床听力学检测,分析遗传规律,绘制遗传图谱并进行听力学特征分析。结果此耳聋家系成员共计35人。其先证者为感音神经性聋,无全身其他系统异常。耳聋遗传方式为常染色体显性遗传,发病年龄各代间较稳定,为15～30岁。听力表型为代代相传、迟发性、渐进性的中度至重度听力损失,听力损失初以高频下降为主,随着年龄增长逐渐累及全频听力,听力曲线由下降型变为平坦型。结论该家系遗传学特征分析符合非综合征型常染色体显性遗传方式,该研究为进一步致病基因的定位与克隆奠定了基础。     

一个遗传性聋伴前庭功能障碍家系的表型研究与相关基因探讨

目的分析一个遗传性聋伴前庭功能障碍家系的表型特征,并探讨该家系的相关致病基因。方法对门诊发现的1例渐进性聋伴眩晕患者进行家系调查、病史资料采集、常规检查、听力学及前庭功能检查。听力学检查包括纯音测听、声导抗,前庭功能检查为冷热水试验。采集家系成员外周血DNA,采用聚合酶链反应(poly-merase chain reaction,PCR)扩增-直接测序法对POU3F4基因和COCH基因进行全部编码序列突变检测。结果该家系共4代28人,现存3代26人,主诉听力障碍者4人,耳聋患者均为正常女性后代中的男性,表现出隔代交叉遗传特征。耳聋患者出生时听力正常,6~10岁出现听力减退,并同时出现眩晕,走路不稳感。其中2人听力快速恶化,言语能力差,纯音测听为双耳对称的重度-极重度感音神经性听力损失,另外2人表现为高频下降型听力曲线。4名耳聋患者前庭功能低下或丧失。家系成员基因测序结果显示在POU3F4基因和COCH基因中均未检测到突变。结论本研究家系为非综合征型聋并前庭功能异常的家系,符合X-连锁隐性遗传特征规律,遗传方式最终确定有赖于进一步的分子遗传学研究。该家系患者高度一致的表型特征提示为单一基因致病,但筛查目前与这一表型相关的POU3F4基因和COCH基因未发现突变,可能存在其他与这一表型相关的基因。     

遗传性中频听力下降家系遗传学特征分析

目的针对一个中国的遗传性中频听力下降家系,分析其听力表型特点,并探讨其遗传学特征。方法对一个国人遗传性中频听力下降家系的资料进行了收集、整理及临床遗传学特征的分析。对先证者家系成员进行调查并绘制系谱图。对调查的家系成员进行病史、体检、纯音测听及声导抗检查,对先证者还进行了听性脑干反应检查及畸变产物耳声发射检查。结果该家系共有3代21人,10人为耳聋患者。耳聋在家系中代代相传,遗传方式为常染色体显性遗传,听力表型为一种迟发型的、渐进性的、以中间频率下降为主的听力损失。家系1-3各代发病平均年龄分别为30、22、16.7岁,有逐代提前的趋势。听力损失随着年龄增长由中频逐渐累及全频,听力曲线由覆盆型变为平坦型。结论此家系为常染色体显性遗传性非综合征型中频听力下降家系,后续研究将针对此家系进行进一步的候选基因突变筛查、连锁分析及定位克隆研究,以便寻找到相应的耳聋相关基因。     

听神经瘤临床听力学特征分析

目的　分析听神经瘤患者临床听力学特征，为听神经瘤的诊断提供参考依据。方法　回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科接诊的394例单侧听神经瘤患者临床资料，所有患者均行纯音测听、言语识别率、听性脑干诱发电位和颅脑增强MRI。结果　患侧听力正常者54例，轻度听力损失58例，中度63例，中重度45例，重度45例，极重度31例，全聋者98例；高频听力损失最多见。24.7%患者言语识别率和纯音测听下降不成比例。听性脑干诱发电位波形正常者8例，波形缺失者228例和其他波形异常者158例；听性脑干诱发电位诊断听神经瘤的敏感度：内听道内肿瘤85.7%，内听道外98.5%。结论　听神经瘤的听力学表型多样，听力正常者不能排除听神经瘤；听力损失程度不能预判肿瘤大小；纯音测听与言语识别率不一致应警惕蜗后病变；听性脑干诱发电位诊断听神经瘤敏感度随肿瘤增大而增加。     

先天性非进展性常染色体显性遗传非综合症型耳聋家系临床表型特征分析

目的一个连续三代的常染色体显性遗传先天性非进展性非综合症型耳聋家系的临床听力学特征及遗传规律。方法对耳聋家系成员进行病史采集、体格检查、纯音测听、声导抗、听性脑干反应检测,其中一名患者进行颞骨CT扫描检查。绘制遗传图谱并进行遗传学特征分析。结果该家系成员共计18人,耳聋患者11人,其中一例为氨基糖苷类药物致聋患者。该耳聋家系每代及男女均有发病,非药物致聋患者均表现为语前聋、平稳型、全频中度听力下降,听力曲线呈平坦型。结论该家系遗传方式符合常染色体显性遗传规律,表现为全频中度感音神经性耳聋。该研究为下一步的致聋基因的定位与鉴定奠定了良好的工作基础。     

The audiological characteristics of a hereditary Y-linked hearing loss in a Chinese ethnic Tujia pedigree

Objective

To investigate audiometric characteristics of hearing loss in a large Chinese ethnic Tujia family and determine its hereditary type.

Methods

Total 76 live individuals were investigated in the notable 84 members of this family. The detailed audiometric evaluations were undertaken for the proband and his 47 family members. The degrees of sensorineural hearing impairment were defined as an air/bone gap <15 dB hearing loss averaged over 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz. The severity of hearing loss was established based on the hearing ability of the better ear, averaged over 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz, and classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe and profound.

Results

Nineteen patrilineal relatives of the 76 live members had hearing impairment. The age of onset ranged from 7 to 21 years old with the average of 13.2 years. The audiometric defect was described by auditory curves of a high frequency in 47% of the patients. Affected members in this family demonstrated a non-syndromic, late onset, bilateral, symmetrical, postlingual and sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusions

The audiometric configuration in males of the pedigree is consistent with the hereditary Y-linked hearing loss. Thus we speculate that a putative gene on the Y chromosome could contribute to the cause of the disease.     

The genetic load for hereditary hearing impairment in Chinese population and its clinical implication

Objective To understand the genetic load in the Chinese population for improvement in diagnosis, prevention and rehabilitation of deafness. Methods DNA samples, immortalized cell lines as well as detailed clinical and audiometric data were collected through a national genetic resources collecting network. Two conventional genetic approaches were used in the studies. Linkage analysis in X chromosome and autosomes with microsatellite markers were performed in large families for gene mapping and positional cloning of novel genes. Candidate gene approach was used for screening the mtDNA 12SrRNA, GJB2 and SLC26A4 mutations in population-based samples. Results A total of 2,572 Chinese hearing loss families or sporadic cases were characterized in the reported studies, including seven X-linked, one Y-linked, 28 large and multiplex autosomal dominant heating loss families, 607 simplex autosomal recessive hereditary hearing loss families, 100 mitochondrial inheritance families, 147 GJB2 induced heating loss cases, 230 cases with enlarged vestibular aqueduct(EVA) syndrome, 169 sporadic cases with auditory neuropathy, and 1,283 sporadic sensorineural hearing loss cases. Through linkage analysis or sequence analysis, two X-linked families were found transmitting two novel mutations in the POU3F4 gene, while another X-linked family was mapped onto a novel locus, nominated as A UNX1 (auditory neuropathy, X-linked locus 1). The only Y-linked family was mapped onto the DFNY1 locus(Y-linked locus 1, DFNY1). Eight of the 28 autosomal dominant families were linked to various autosomal loci. In population genetics studies, 2,567 familial cases and sporadic patients were subjected to mutation screening for three common hearing loss genes: mtDNA 12S rRNA 1555G, GJB2 and SLC26A4. The auditory neuropathy cases in our samples were screened for OTOF gene mutations. Conclusions These data show that the Chinese population has a genetic load on hereditary heating loss. Establishing personalized surveillance and prevention models for hearing loss based on genetic research will provide the opportunity to decrease the prevalence of deafness in the Chinese population.     

中国Y连锁遗传性聋DFNY1家系POU3F4基因突变的检测

目的进行Y连锁遗传性聋(Y—linked hereditary heating impairment)家系的候选基因——POU3F4基因的突变分析。方法在POU3F4基因的全部编码序列设计5对引物进行聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)扩增反应。应用PCR-单链构像多态性(single-strand conformation polymorphism SSCP)方法对DFNY1家系中的43名成员进行突变检测及鉴定。结果POU3F4基因的5对引物均有较好的扩增效果，PCR—SSCF，的多态性分析显示所有家系成员在POU3F4基因中均未检测到多态及突变。结论本研究通过对一个位于X染色体与Y染色体存在同源交换区域的耳聋基因POU3F4基因的检测排除了该基因易位到Y染色体导致DFNY1家系耳聋的可能性，说明中国Y连锁遗传性聋家系的致病基因更多可能是位于Y染色体上的基因突变所致。     

遗传性传导性聋家系的遗传学特征分析

目的探讨遗传性传导性聋的家系遗传学特征。方法利用解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉研究所遗传资源网络所收集的遗传性聋家系资源,对发现的一个特殊的常染色体显性遗传的传导性听力损失伴上睑下垂大家系（028家系）,追踪调查了四代成员44人,对现存家系成员中具有遗传信息的19人进行了全身体检及听觉系统功能的检查,对2名传导性听力损失患者进行鼓室探查术。结果9名患者表现为先天性传导性听力损失伴双侧上睑下垂,1名患者表现为单纯上睑下垂,2名患者表现为单纯传导性聋。对2名典型传导性聋患者进行的鼓室探查术发现,其传导性听力损失源于中耳发育畸形（听骨链畸形与镫骨固定）。家系图谱分析显示该家系为常染色体显性遗传性聋家系。结论028家系是目前国内发现的第一个传导性聋表型大家系,进一步的基因定位与克隆研究将为遗传性传导性聋分子病理机制的研究创造条件。     

Audiometric characteristics of a Dutch family linked to DFNA15 with a novel mutation (p.L289F) in POU4F3

OBJECTIVE: To report on the audiometric characteristics of a large Dutch family linked to DFNA15 with a novel mutation (p.L289F) in POU4F3 (OMIM 602460). DESIGN: Clinical investigation. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Family members from a large 5-generation pedigree with sensorineural hearing impairment segregating as an autosomal dominant trait. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of pure-tone audiometric data, and cross-sectional analyses of speech audiometry data. RESULTS: Overall, a flat to gently downsloping audiometric configuration was observed with a progression rate of approximately 0.8 dB/y across most frequencies. Speech recognition scores remained fairly good in relation to age and hearing level compared with a group of patients with presbycusis. Interindividual variability was observed in terms of subjective onset age and audiometric configuration. Two mutation carriers, who reported vestibular symptoms, underwent vestibular examination and showed hypofunction of the vestibular labyrinth. CONCLUSIONS: The audiometric phenotype of the Dutch family linked to DFNA15 with a novel mutation in POU4F3 is comparable to that observed in the original Israeli family linked to DFNA15. Relatively good speech recognition scores suggest outer hair cell involvement. DFNA15 may represent a cochleovestibular disorder.     

遗传性耳聋资源收集保存及基因定位克隆

目的建立聋病遗传资源收集网络,着重收集具有中国特色的聋病遗传资源,进行聋病基因定位克隆及相关的分子流行病学研究。方法通过遗传资源收集网络进行聋病遗传资源的收集,建立资源库进行遗传资源的表型鉴定和分析。应用微卫星标记的连锁分析及候选基因法进行家系的基因定位克隆和分子流行病学研究。结果共收集到含有多种耳聋表型的大小家系2071个,其中涵盖了单基因病孟德尔遗传的全部遗传方式:包括X-连锁遗传家系2个,Y-连锁遗传家系1个(命名为DFNY1基因座)、常染色体显性遗传性耳聋大家系12个(完成了基因定位5个)、常染色体隐性遗传性耳聋核心家系619个以及线粒体突变母系遗传性耳聋家系76个;大前庭水管综合征163例;听神经病108例;不明原因感音神经性耳聋478例;西北地区聋哑学校聋哑患者612例。对1489例散发患者进行了线粒体基因12S rRNA 1555G,缝隙连接蛋白基因(GJB2,GJB3和GJB6)以及SLC26A4基因的突变筛查与分析。其中西北地区612例聋哑人群中发现27．92％患者分别存在三个基因的突变,mtDNAA1555G平均阳性率为9．15％,GJB2为9．97％,SLC26A4为8．8％。结论遗传性听力损失是非常常见的耳聋疾病,其发病率超出原有的预测。基于大家系的基因定位研究有望发现新的基因座位及新的基因突变。分子流行病学研究发现遗传因素在先天性聋和学语后听力损失中的作用强于环境因素,并发现中国人群具有耳聋基因的高发病率和特异的突变图谱。     

HI-SIMv1.0--towards the virtual reality of hearing impairments

The virtual reality of hearing impairments has obvious practical applications in areas such as audiology, speech therapy and hearing aid technology and serves as an informational tool for the family members of the hearing impaired. To simulate hearing impairment, a CD-ROM with filtered speech material accessible through a graphical user-interface was produced; the user-interface was created with standard multimedia tools. The CD-ROM, HI-SIMv1.0, intended as an interactive educational tool, offers a virtual experience of the effects of a selection of common types of hearing impairment. The options available in this simulation include grade of hearing impairment, audiometric configuration and the type and level of background noise. Word recognition scores can be computed for standard Finnish audiometric material.     

Audiometric analysis of a Belgian family linked to the DFNA10 locus

OBJECTIVE: To report the otologic and audiometric characteristics of a nonsyndromic postlingual sensorineural hearing impairment in a Belgian family linked to DFNA10. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of the otologic and audiometric data of 17 genetically affected persons. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: All members of a Belgian kindred who carried the haplotype linked to the inherited hearing impairment of DFNA10. INTERVENTIONS: Diagnostic otologic and audiometric analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pure-tone audiometry. RESULTS: To find the frequencies that were most affected by the genetic defect, the excess hearing loss of the 17 patients was calculated per frequency in comparison with the respective p50 and p95 thresholds of the normal population. CONCLUSIONS: The genetically affected persons of a Belgian family shared a progressive symmetric sensorineural hearing loss that started in the first to fourth decade. Thirty-five percent of the affected family members had tinnitus, and only one patient had very mild vestibular complaints. At onset, hearing losses were mainly situated at the midfrequencies. With increasing age, all frequencies became affected. The hearing loss was initially mild, with a spontaneous evolution to a moderate or severe hearing impairment. The progression of the hearing loss for the pure-tone average (between 0.5 and 4 kHz) was 1.08 dB/year for this family, compared with 0.50 dB/year and 0.35 dB/year at the 95th and 50th percentiles of the normal population, respectively.     

无综合征的遗传性进行感音神经性聋一大家系听力学调查

分析无综合征的遗传性感音神经性聋一家系六代听力学特点。方法对该家系六代进行了纯音测听,听性脑干反应测试、采外周血作基因连锁分析以及相关资料的调查采集。结果整个家系可提供力情况资料的１０４人,耳聋４６例。