叠层染料敏化太阳能电池

染料敏化太阳能电池( DSC)被认为是第三代新型光伏电池.但为了实现产业化,必须进一步提高其光电转化效率.最为有效的方法是提高太阳光利用率、拓宽电池的吸收光谱.其中,叠层DSC以其新型的结构、独特的优点受到了广泛关注.本文综述了叠层DSC这一新型结构太阳能电池的研究背景及国内外最新研究成果.详细论述了传统叠层DSC、N...     

性能增强的双层TiO2复合膜染料敏化太阳能电池

采用水热法制备了一维TiO₂纳米棒阵列、二维TiO₂纳米片和三维TiO₂微球。将TiO₂纳米棒阵列/纳米片-微球双层薄膜应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC), 研究了TiO₂纳米片与微球的质量比对电池光电性能的影响。采用场发射扫描电镜、氮气吸附脱附等温线、X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱和电化学阻抗谱对样品进行了表征。研究表明, 纳米片与微球的质量比显著影响膜电极的光学和电学特性, 以及电池的光电性能。含50wt% TiO₂纳米片膜电极具有最高的染料吸附量、最强的光吸收、最小的传输电阻和最低的荧光强度。含25wt%、50wt%、75wt%和100wt%纳米片的DSSC的效率分别为1.46%、1.71%、1.26%和1.13%。含50wt% 纳米片的电池具有最优的性能, 这是因为该组分电极具有较好的光吸收特性、较小的载流子复合速率以及较快的电子传输。     

染料敏化太阳能电池阻挡层的制备及其性能研究

采用电子束蒸发法在光阳极导电玻璃基底上制备了一层致密的TiO2薄膜,并在氧氛围下进行不同温度的退火处理。以此TiO2薄膜为阻挡层来阻止电解质溶液中I3-与导电玻璃基底上光生电子的复合。分别利用X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对此薄膜的结构和成分进行表征。制备不同厚度的TiO2阻挡层薄膜并研究其对电池光电性能的影响。实验结果表明,阻挡层的引入有效地抑制了暗反应的发生,提高了染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）的开路电压、短路电流和光电转换效率,比未引入阻挡层的DSSC的光电转换效率提高了31.5%。     

染料敏化太阳能电池新型对电极材料研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池以其成本低廉、原材料丰富、制作工艺简单、理论转换效率高、对环境无污染等优势而备受人们关注,并在工业化生产中逐渐得到推广和应用。虽然人们在物理和化学方面对其进行了大量的研究,但其转换效率并没有得到明显的提高。对电极作为染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,其材料的性能直接影响着染料敏化太阳能电池的转换效率。为此,不少科研工作者提出了一个通过优化对电极材料自身结构来提高整个染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的议题。着重综述了近几年对电极材料自身结构优化方面具有代表性的研究成果。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中的光电极制备技术

从染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)的结构和原理角度分析了DSC中光电极的作用及技术要求,介绍了目前常用的几种DSC光电极的制备方法,并对这些制备方法的特点进行了讨论.     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)由于价格低廉、制备工艺简单、理论光电转化效率高等优点,成为极具研发潜力的太阳能电池之一。介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的结构和工作原理,综述了各组成部分染料敏化剂、光阳极、电解质和对电极的研究进展,分析探讨了改进和提高DSSC性能的方法和途径,并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的结构和工作原理,评述了染料敏化太阳能电池的几个重要组成部分:纳米半导体薄膜、敏化染料及电解质的研究现状,并总结了当前DSSC研究的主要发展方向.     

染料敏化太阳能电池的制作

主要讨论了染料敏化太阳能电池的制备过程,介绍了所做的一系列工艺优化工作,探讨了二氧化钛薄膜厚度、四氯化钛处理二氧化钛电极、大粒子散射层、酸预处理二氧化钛粉体对电池效率的影响.结果表明,用酸预处理二氧化钛粉体、用四氯化钛处理电极、在一定范围内增加电极的厚度和引入大粒子散射层均可提高电池效率.     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

综述了近年来关于染料敏化太阳能电池制备的研究状况,详细介绍了国内外关于二氧化钛薄膜、反电极、染料和电解质的设计思路及制备情况,并讨论了制备方法对太阳能电池性能的影响.     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

光导电极材料在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中起到关键作用,直接影响到太阳能电池的总效率,所以一直是DSSC研究的热点.介绍了DSSC的基本工作原理,概述了当前DSSC中最流行的TiO<,2>和ZnO两种薄膜光导电极材料的制备方法,并从结构、工艺和转换效率等方面对染料敏化TiO<,2>薄膜太阳能电池和染料敏化ZnO薄膜太阳能电池进行了介绍和讨论;同时简要介绍了目前研究非常热门的叠层染料敏化太阳电池的研究进程,最后展望了染料敏化太阳能电池的未来发展前景.     

Metal-free indoline dye sensitized zinc oxide nanowires solar cell

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on metal-free indoline dye D102 sensitized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) derived from aqueous solution on seeded substrate was investigated. The morphology, composition and crystalline structure of the highly oriented ZnO NWs were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The chemical bond between D102 and ZnO NWs was confirmed by Fourier transfer infrared spectra. The photovoltaic property of DSSC was characterized at full sun intensity of 100 mW/cm² (AM 1.5) with short circuit current J_sc = 14.06 mA/cm² and energy conversion efficiency η = 2.6%.     

Study on CaCO3-coated ZnO nanoparticles based dye sensitized solar cell

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been fabricated using ZnO and CaCO₃-coated ZnO nanoparticles. The effect of CaCO₃ coating on the performance of DSSC has been investigated. CaCO₃-coated ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction patterns of synthesized nanoparticles reveal that the ZnO and CaCO₃-coated ZnO nanoparticles have respectively wurtzite and rhomb-centred structure and both having hexagonal phase. Transmission electron microscopy study reveal that ZnO and CaCO₃-coated ZnO nanoparticles possess spherical symmetry and have average particle size respectively 6.2 and 6.7 nm. In case of CaCO₃/ZnO nanoparticles, the quenching in photoluminescence emission intensity has been attributed to the decrease in recombination rate of photo-generated electron–hole pairs. UV–Vis absorption spectra, confirms that the electrodes fabricated from the CaCO₃-coated ZnO nanoparticles have higher absorbance that shows their higher dye adsorbing power. The use of CaCO₃ coating has been found to enhance the efficiency of DSSC by over 100 %.     

Influence of cell fabrication procedure on the performance of the dye sensitized solar cell

The recent technological advancements of the Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) fabrication technology is gaining momentum as a low cost and simple fabrication technology to convert solar energy into electric energy. A systematic study of the DSSC fabrication procedure and its influence on the cell efficiency are presented in this paper. Preparation of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer on the working electrode was the most significant process improvement made to enhance cell efficiency. The Coatema tool was used to develop an automated TiO2 coating process, which yielded layer thicknesses with minimum micro cracks and repeatable TiO2 weight loading in the range of 8-13 microm. Secondary process improvements implemented were: vacuum drying step for the TiO2 layer, dilution ratio of the sensitized dye and sealant thickness. These optimized cell fabrication steps enhanced cell efficiencies over 200% and reduced total process time. The work in progress demonstrated higher cell efficiency slightly greater than 9% by reducing the cell size using the optimized fabrication process described in this paper. We are confident that higher efficiency cells can be fabricated with this optimized fabrication process illustrated in this paper.     

New trends for solar cell development and recent progress of dye sensitized solar cells

This article reviews the new concepts and new trends of solar cell development. To increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency, reduce the cost, and for application in a much broader field, thin film solar cell, flexible solar cell, and tandem solar cell have become important subjects to be studied. As the representative of the solar cells of the third generation, the progress and challenges of dye sensitized solar cell was also reviewed.     

New trends for solar cell development and recent progress of dye sensitized solar cells

This article reviews the new concepts and new trends of solar cell development. To increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency, reduce the cost, and for application in a much broader field, thin film solar cell, flexible solar cell, and tandem solar cell have become important subjects to be studied. As the representative of the solar cells of the third generation, the progress and challenges of dye sensitized solar cell was also reviewed.     

Chemical bath deposition of ZnO nanorods for dye sensitized solar cell applications

ZnO nanorods using various molar concentrations have been synthesized through the chemical bath deposition method. X-ray diffraction result shows that the ZnO nanorods are of hexagonal structure. The morphology of the ZnO nanorods has been examined by scanning electron microscopy. The ZnO nanorods have diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm and length of 1–3 μm. Dye-sensitized solar cells have been assembled by using ZnO nanorod film photoelectrode sensitized using natural dye extracted from lantana camara as sensitizer. The ZnO nanorods have been used as electrode material to fabricate dye sensitized solar cells which exhibited an efficiency of 0.71 %, the maximum efficiency was obtained for films deposited for 0.07 M concentration.     

Chemically deposited nickel oxide as counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cell

Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films have been synthesized by simple and inexpensive chemical bath deposition at low temperature. The synthesized thin films were annealed at 623 K and used for further characterization. Structural and morphological properties of the NiO thin film were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The structural study shows the simple cubic formation of NiO thin films with average crystallite size of 9 nm. Honeycomb like surface morphology with porous structure was observed from the SEM study. NiO thin film electrode has been used as a counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cell. Finally, photovoltaic parameters such as short circuit current density (J_sc), open circuit voltage (V_oc), Fill Factor (FF) and efficiency (η) have been studied.     

Surfactant mediated growth of ZnO nanostructures and their dye sensitized solar cell properties

Single crystalline and highly aligned ZnO nanorods, faceted microrods, nanoneedles and nanotowers were grown onto glass substrates by a facile aqueous chemical method at relatively low temperature (90 °C). Various structure directing agents or organic surfactants such as diaminopropane (DAP), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) were used to modify the surface morphology. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical absorption. It was found that, vertically aligned ZnO nanorods formation takes place with preferential orientation along (002) plane. The organic surfactants play an important role in modifying the morphology. The samples were further used to fabricate dye sensitized solar cells. The highest photocurrent (670 μA) and efficiency were observed for the ZnO:PEI sample.     

Current trends in materials for dye sensitized solar cells

Here, we intend to review those patents related with the technology of dye sensitized solar cells. In particular we discuss patents and papers that enable metal oxide layer to be more controllable and feasible for applications, and new and innovative dyes, sensitizers and electrolytes with promising features. Finally various methods were reviewed for fabricating semiconductor layers and complete DSSC devices focusing on the mass production of photovoltaic cells.     

Surface treatment effect of carbon fiber fabric counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cell

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) with surface modified carbon fiber fabric (CF) counter electrodes were prepared and tested. Four different type of CF were used; carbon fiber (CF); carbon fiber etched with NaOH (ECF); carbon fiber with thermally deposited platinum (CFPt); and carbon fiber etched with NaOH followed by thermal deposition of platinum (ECFPt). For comparison, DSSC with thermally Pt deposited fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO/Pt) glass counter electrode was also prepared and tested. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) proved that surface morphology of the carbon fiber was roughened by the etching process and platinum deposition process. The I-V curves of each DSSC were measured under simulated light (1 Sun, AM 1.5) to get open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (eta). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of each cell was measured also. It was found that higher efficiency is obtained in order of using ECFPt > CFPt > FTO/Pt > ECF > CF counter electrode.