海南苦丁茶的降血糖作用研究

目的建立和比较实验性糖尿病小鼠的造模方法;研究海南苦丁茶提取物对实验性糖尿病小鼠体质量和血中血糖值(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和游离脂肪酸(NEFA)的影响。方法雄性昆明小鼠,分别采用单次高剂量注射四氧嘧啶的方法和高脂饲料(10%蛋黄,10%猪油,1%胆固醇,0.2%胆盐,78.8%基料)加低剂量注射四氧嘧啶(90 mg.kg-1)的方法造模,并确定高脂饲料加低剂量注射四氧嘧啶为实验的造模方法,建立小鼠糖尿病模型。通过灌胃给药1个月,观察苦丁茶提取物对糖尿病小鼠体质量及各项生化指标的影响。结果苦丁茶提取物能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖值、血清游离脂肪酸值、TC、TG和MDA值(P<0.05);明显升高糖尿病小鼠血清SOD值(P<0.05)。结论苦丁茶提取物能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖值,并可调节其血脂代谢。     

海南苦丁茶不同组分对高血糖小鼠血糖与血脂的作用研究

目的研究海南苦丁茶不同组分对四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖小鼠体质量、血清中血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和游离脂肪酸(NEFA)的影响。方法选用雄性昆明种小鼠,采用单次腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(剂量200 mg.kg-1)的方法建立小鼠高血糖模型。连续灌胃给予苦丁茶水提物经100%乙醇回流提取组分(组分1),50%乙醇回流提取组分(组分2)及残渣(组分3),28 d后测定小鼠空腹血糖值、糖耐量及血清中各项生化指标。结果海南苦丁茶组分1能显著降低高血糖小鼠的GLU,TC(P<0.05),显著升高高血糖小鼠SOD活力(P<0.05),并缓解糖尿病小鼠"三多一少"的症状。结论苦丁茶组分1能降低四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖模型小鼠的血糖值,改善高血糖模型小鼠糖尿病的症状。     

决明子、丹参、苦丁茶、绞股蓝不同组分配伍的降血脂作用

目的:研究复方Ⅰ(决明子、丹参、苦丁茶配伍),复方Ⅱ(决明子、丹参、绞股蓝配伍)对实验性高脂血症小鼠血脂及抗氧化能力的影响,并对两个不同配伍在降血脂作用中所产生的协同作用进行比较.方法:将50只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为正常组、高脂模型组、阳性组、复方Ⅰ组及复方Ⅱ组,每组10只.除正常对照组用常规饲料喂养外,其余4组均以高脂饲料喂养4周,建立实验性高脂血症小鼠模型.正常组和高脂模型组ig给予相应体积的蒸馏水,阳性组给予辛伐他汀片(7 mg·kg-1),复方Ⅰ组给予决明子、丹参、苦丁茶提取物(相当于生药决明子1 596 mg·kg-1,丹参197 mg·kg-1,苦丁茶230 mg·kg-1).复方Ⅱ组给予决明子、丹参、绞股蓝提取物(相当于生药决明子1 596 mg·kg-1,丹参197 mg·kg-1,绞股蓝648 mg·kg-1).连续ig给药4周,观察两种配伍对小鼠体重、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇( HDL-C)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的影响,并对肝、肾、脾等脏器进行病理学检查.结果:与模型组相比,两个配伍组均能显著降低高脂血症小鼠血TC(5.24±1.09,5.53±1.03) mmol·L-1,TG(0.85±0.10,0.89±0.07) mmol·L-1,MDA( 14.30±1.87,15.65±1.78) nmol·L-1含量(P＜0.01),明显升高血清中HDL-C( 3.47±0.36,3.34±0.25) mmol·L-1含量,SOD(107.71±7.74,104.87±6.42) U·mL-1活力(P＜0.叭),其中复方Ⅰ降低TC,MDA含量作用较明显.结论:两个配伍组均有辅助降血脂功能,增强机体抗氧化能力及保肝作用,复方Ⅰ作用更明显.     

苦瓜提取物抑制蛋白质的非酶糖基化

目的:研究苦瓜提取物对蛋白质非酶糖基化终末产物( AGE)生成的抑制作用.方法:体外蛋白质非酶糖基化反应系统中分别加入不同质量浓度的苦瓜提取物(0.01,0.1,1.0 g·L-1)或氮基胍(4 mmol·L-1),在不同时间分别测定蛋白质非酶糖化终末产物的生成量.制备糖尿病小鼠模型,以苦瓜提取物10,30 g·kg-1两个剂量连续ig 14 d,测定苦瓜提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖以及心、肝、肾组织中AGE含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果:在体外系统中,蛋白糖化产物的生成与孵育时间呈正相关,苦瓜提取物浓度依赖性抑制蛋白糖化终末产物的生成(P＜0.01).动物实验表明苦瓜提取物能抑制血糖升高(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),改善糖尿病小鼠心、肝、肾组织中AGE含量(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01)、升高SOD活性(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01)和降低MDA含量(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),呈现剂量效果正相关.结论:苦瓜提取物体内体外均可有效抑制蛋白糖化终末产物的生成.     

海木氯仿提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖血脂的影响

目的研究海木氯仿提取物的降血糖、降血脂作用。方法采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型。检测小鼠血糖(GLU)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等生化指标。结果与空白对照组比较,低、中、高剂量海木氯仿提取物组的GLU、TC、TG、LDL-C含量显著降低、HDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);中、高剂量组的血清SOD活性显著提高、MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论海木氯仿提取物对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠具有显著的降血糖、降血脂作用。     

苦瓜水提取物对高脂血症小鼠的降血脂作用研究

目的:探讨苦瓜水提取物对高脂血症模型小鼠的降血脂作用.方法:高脂饲养建立高脂血症小鼠模型,随机分成4组,即苦瓜水提取物高、低剂量组(30,10 g·kg-1)、左旋肉碱(1 g·kg-1)组、模型组,另取同步饲养的正常小鼠作为空白对照组,每组10只.连续灌胃给药4周后,眼眶后静脉丛取血,分离血清,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量;计算肝脏指数,HE染色观察肝脏组织形态学改变.结果:与模型组比较,各给药组小鼠血清TC,TG含量和肝脏指数均明显降低(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),其中苦瓜水提取物高剂量组小鼠血清TC,TG含量和肝脏指数,与模型组差异非常显著(P＜0.01);肝组织染色结果显示苦瓜水提取物能明显减少高脂血症小鼠肝脏的脂肪沉积.结论:苦瓜水提取物具有良好的降血脂作用.     

地菍提取物降血脂作用的实验研究

目的 研究地菍提取物对实验性高脂血症小鼠血脂的影响.方法 将合格小鼠随机分成6组:空白对照组、高血脂模型组、辛伐他丁阳性对照组(20mg·kg-1)、地菍提取物高(20 g·kg-1)、中(10 g·kg-1)、低(5 g· kg-1)剂量组.除空白对照组灌胃给予蒸馏水外,其余各组每天上午灌胃给予相应药物,下午除空白对照组继续灌胃蒸馏水外,其余各组灌胃给予高脂脂肪乳剂,连续11天.观察各组小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平的变化.结果 与高脂血症模型组小鼠比较,地菍提取物给药组小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平均显著降低(P＜0.05),血清HDL-C水平显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 地菍提取物对高脂血症小鼠具有降血脂作用.     

维药菊苣提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究维药菊苣提取物(CG-Ⅰ,CG-Ⅱ)对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:灌胃35度二锅头白酒16 mL.kg-1造酒精性肝损伤模型,观察肝脏、脾脏系数,血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)的水平和肝脏病理组织学变化。结果:CG-Ⅰ,Ⅱ各剂量组均可降低小鼠脾脏系数和血清ALT,TG活性,升高肝组织SOD,GSH-Px活性,并降低肝组织MDA和NO含量(P<0.05);CG-Ⅰ(1.0,2.0 g.kg-1)和CG-Ⅱ(1.2,2.4 g.kg-1)可以降低肝脏系数(P<0.05);CG-Ⅰ(1.0 g.kg-1)和CG-Ⅱ(1.2 g.kg-1)可降低小鼠血清AST活性(P<0.05),降低小鼠血清CHO活性(P<0.05);CG-Ⅰ,Ⅱ均可不同程度地改善肝脏病理组织性损伤。结论:CG-Ⅰ,CG-Ⅱ对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

鸭跖草对高脂血症小鼠血脂代谢及抗氧化能力的影响

目的:探讨鸭跖草对实验性高脂血症小鼠血脂代谢及抗氧化能力的影响.方法:昆明种雄性小鼠72只随机分为正常对照组、高脂模型组、辛伐他汀4 mg·kg·d-1组和鸭跖草高、中、低剂量组.除正常对照组灌服纯净水外,其余5组均灌服高脂乳剂0.02 mL·g-1,qd,连续14 d,鸭跖草高、中、低剂量组ig 16,8,4 g·kg-1.末次给药后,检测血清总固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量,计算动脉硬化指数(AI);测定血清、肝脏和脑组织丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性.结果:与高脂模型组相比,鸭跖草3个剂量组小鼠血清TC,LDL-C水平和AI降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),HDL-C显著升高(P＜0.01),而TG无明显变化;鸭跖草16,8 g·kg-1剂量组小鼠血清、肝脏和脑SOD,GSH-Px活性均升高(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),鸭跖草16,8,4 g·kg-1剂量组MDA含量均降低(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:鸭跖草能调节血脂代谢异常,可能与其抗氧化活性有关.     

柿树寄生总提取物对链脲佐菌素致小鼠糖尿病的保护作用及机制的影响

目的:观察柿树寄生总提取物对链脲佐菌素(STZ)所致小鼠糖尿病的影响。方法:制备柿树寄生总提取物;小鼠尾静脉注射STZ(120 mg·kg-1)建立糖尿病小鼠模型。糖尿病小鼠随机分为5组:柿树寄生总提取物高、中、低剂量(10,5,2.5 g·kg-1)组,模型组,二甲双胍组;另设10只正常小鼠作为空白组。各组小鼠均以连续给药14 d后,分别测定各小鼠空腹血糖(FBG),肝组织和血清中丙二醛(MDA)水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力值,以及血脂代谢情况;并通过HE染色观察胰腺组织的病理学变化。结果:与模型组比较,柿树寄生总提取物对STZ所致糖尿病小鼠有明显降低血糖的作用,明显提高肝组织和血清的SOD,GSH-Px活力,降低MDA含量(P0.05);降低血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白(LDLC)水平和提高高密度脂蛋白(HDLC)含量(P0.05);改善胰腺组织病理学变化。结论:柿树寄生总提取物能明显降低STZ致小鼠糖尿病模型的血糖水平,增强机体的抗氧化能力以及改善血脂代谢异常情况。     

枸杞果柄对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的 探讨枸杞果柄水煎剂对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响.方法 制备四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型,将其分为降糖灵治疗组、低剂量枸杞果柄治疗组、高剂量枸杞果柄治疗组、模型对照组,另设正常对照组(非糖尿病小鼠).前3组小鼠分别以25 mg·kg-1·d-1降糖灵水溶液、5.0 g·kg-1·d-1枸杞果柄水煎剂、7.5 g·kg-1·d-1枸杞果柄水煎剂灌胃,后2组小鼠均灌服等量的生理盐水.14 d后测定小鼠空腹血糖.结果 给药14 d后降糖灵治疗组、低剂量枸杞果柄治疗组小鼠血糖较治疗前有极显著下降(P<0.01),高剂量枸杞果柄治疗组小鼠血糖较治疗前有显著下降(P<0.05);降糖灵治疗组、不同剂量枸杞果柄治疗组血糖降低平均值与模型对照组、正常对照组血糖变化平均值之间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01).结论 一定剂量的枸杞果柄水煎剂对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖有降低作用.     

Anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata and their effects on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata are the commonly used herbs by the diabetic patients in Pampanga, Philippines. While the anti-diabetic potential of Momordica charantia is well established in streptozocin- or alloxan-induced diabetic animals, the anti-diabetic potential of Andrographis paniculata in alloxan-induced diabetic rat is not known. Neither the effects of these herbs on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats are elucidated. Thus, in these experiments, Momordica charantia fruit juice or Andrographis paniculata decoction was orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Rats that were treated with Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata had higher body weight (BW) compared with diabetic positive control (P < 0.01) from day 22 to day 27 (D27) but exhibited lower BW than the non-diabetic control (P < 0.05). These rats had lower feed (P < 0.05) and liquid intakes (P < 0.01) compared with diabetic positive control from day 17 to D27, but similar with the non-diabetic control. The blood glucose levels in these groups were significantly reduced from day 12 to D27 compared with diabetic positive control (P < 0.01), however, comparable with non-diabetic control. The diabetic positive control had extended mean estrous cycles (8 days) compared to Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata-treated diabetic rats (5 days; P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata could restore impaired estrous cycle in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.     

苦瓜醇提物的降血糖作用

苦瓜醇提物能显著增加正常小鼠肝糖元的含量,并改善正常小鼠的糖耐量,能够显著降低链脲佐菌素致糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖含量,明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠的血糖含量     

倒地铃急性毒性及降血糖作用的初步研究

目的研究倒地铃降血糖的药理作用。方法倒地铃乙醇总提取物分别按60,30,15 g.kg-1连续灌21 d后观察其对糖尿病小鼠血糖和正常小鼠血糖的影响。结果倒地铃乙醇总提取物能明显降低四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠和肾上腺素性糖尿病小鼠的血糖值(P<0.05);在高剂量情况下,对正常小鼠血糖有一定的影响(P<0.05);倒地铃全草乙醇总提取物半数致死量LD50=302.41～382.43g生药.kg-1。结论倒地铃乙醇总提取物对高血糖小鼠有显著的降血糖作用。     

翻白草水提取物对自发2型糖尿病db/db小鼠降糖作用的研究

目的 观察翻白草水提取物对2型糖尿病db/db小鼠空腹血糖、血清胰岛素及胰岛素敏感指数的影响.方法 采用公认的自发2型糖尿病模型db/db小鼠,随机分为4组:翻白草高剂量组(400 mg·kg-1·bw-1)、翻白草低剂量组(200 mg·kg-1·bw-1)、吡格列酮组(4.05 mg·kg-1·bw-1)及模型组,...     

青葙子提取物降血糖活性的研究

 目的研究青葙子提取物对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用。方法采用体积分数95%乙醇和水连续浸提青葙子获得醇提(A)和水提浸膏(B)。醇提浸膏用石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇连续萃取,获得不同部分。水提物采用3倍乙醇沉淀分为醇溶部分和粗多糖。尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶建立小鼠糖尿病模型,给予青葙子提取物灌胃,1 g·kg^-1或800 mg·kg^-1,连续3周, 测定血糖、血清中胰岛素含量及饮水量和耗食量,测定小鼠肝、肾、脾和胰腺重量指数。结果青葙子醇提物和水提物均有一定降血糖活性,其中醇提物的正丁醇部分(A-c)和水提物中粗多糖部分(B-b)具有显著降血糖活性,粗多糖部分具有明显促进胰岛素分泌作用,效果优于格列本脲(2 mg·kg^-1)。A-c和B-b能使四氧嘧啶引起的糖尿病小鼠肾脏和肝脏的肿胀恢复接近正常。结论青葙子提取物时四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠具有降血糖作用。     

Antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts from Momordica charantia

Momordica charantia (L.) (Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as bitter gourd or karela is a medicinal plant, used in Ayurveda for treating various diseases, one of which is diabetes mellitus. In this study, various extract powders of the fresh and dried whole fruits were prepared and their blood glucose lowering effect compared by administrating them orally to diabetic rats. The aqueous extract powder of fresh unripe whole fruits at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight was found to reduce fasting blood glucose by 48%, an effect comparable to that of glibenclamide, a known synthetic drug. This extract was tested for nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT and lipid profile. The extract did not show any signs of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as judged by histological and biochemical parameters. Thus the aqueous extract powder of Momordica charantia, an edible vegetable, appears to be a safe alternative to reducing blood glucose.     

Some toxicological studies of Momordica charantia L. on albino rats in normal and alloxan diabetic rats

Momordica charantia L. (MC) (Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as balsam pear, bitter gourd or karela, used in several purposes in traditional medicine is an important medicinal plant. Two sets of experiments were carried out, the first experiment indicated that the LD(50) for MC juice and alcoholic extracts were 91.9 and 362.34 mg/100g b.wt., respectively, of subcutaneously "s.c." injected mice. The toxic signs were recorded within the first 24 h post-injection. The second experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of MC juice and alcoholic extracts on blood glucose and other biochemical parameters in normal and diabetic rats. Both extracts induced a significant decrease in serum glucose levels in normal and diabetic rats. The two extracts did not show any significant effect in urea, creatinine, ALT, AST and AP in normal rat, while in diabetic rats the two extracts caused a significant decrease in serum urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, AP, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Also, these results suggested that MC extracts possesses anti-diabetic, hepato-renal protective and hypolipidemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thus, MC is alternative therapy that has primarily been used for lowering blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.     

Hypoglycemic effects of Potentilla fulgens L in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Tap roots of Potentilla fulgens L. traditionally chewed along with betel nut (Areca catechu) and betel leaves (Piper betel), are commonly used by local practitioners for various types of ailments. The crude methanolic extract of the roots was tested for its effects in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Hypoglycemic activity was observed to be dose- and time- dependent. The extracts reduced blood glucose level 2 h following administration in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. In alloxan-induced diabetic mice blood glucose was markedly reduced by 63%, while in normal mice a 31% reduction was observed 24 h after the effective dose of extract was administered. Further, in the diabetic mice a prolonged anti-hyperglycemic action was observed where glucose levels was, found to be significantly low (79%) when compared with control even on the third day. Glucose tolerance was also improved in both normal and diabetic mice. The results were compared against those of insulin, glibenclamide, metformin, and the probable mechanism of action is discussed.