红曲霉固态发酵产Lovastatin的培养条件

对 1株红色红曲霉固态发酵产Lovastatin的培养条件进行了研究。得出固态基质最佳初始含水量为 40 %,基础基质中加入葡萄糖和有机氮源能显著提高发酵产物中Lovastatin含量 ,多种蔬菜浸出汁都能提高Lovastatin产量 ,红曲米浸泡水对Lovastatin有明显的促进作用。稻米的种类及米的粉碎度对Lovastatin的合成也有一定的影响。在优化的培养条件下 ,干曲中Lovastatin的含量可以达到 2 5～ 3 0mg/g。     

固定化细胞红曲霉生物反应器发酵洛伐他丁的研究

采用聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠双载体固定红曲菌细胞,以气升式生物反应器重复发酵对Lovastatin的培养条件进行了试验研究,结果表明,以20%粳米粉为基础培养基,添加葡萄糖和有机氮源能显著提高红曲菌M-01发酵Lovastatin产量;补加多种蔬菜浸出汁对红曲菌M-01产Lovastatin有明显地促进作用。气升反应器优化的培养条件为发酵培养基的初始pH4～5;最适发酵温度30℃;最适固定化细胞粒子的接入量20%。固定化细胞粒子经20批次重复发酵其凝胶粒子完好,固定化细胞产Lovastatin始终处于较高值,其产量为2.59mg/mL～2.68mg/mL,为游离细胞发酵产Lovastatin的10倍。     

红曲发酵谷物麸糠提取Lovastatin的研究

Lovastatin是一种强力抑制胆固醇合成的活性物质,,能够预防动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的产生.目前市场上大部分Lovastatin是从红曲米中提取出来的.本试验采用农副产品-麦麸为基质,来发酵提取Lovastatin,找出了适合本试验的提取溶剂:75%乙醇.然后经中性氧化铝吸附脱除红曲色素,最后采用增量法,成功地检测了红曲麸中的Lovastatin的含量.     

固定化红曲霉液体发酵Lovastatin的研究

以红曲霉为研究材料,采用海藻酸钠包埋法固定化红曲霉高产Lovastatin菌株,将其与游离细胞的发酵进程进行比较,分析了固定化细胞的发酵特性及发酵稳定性。结果表明,固定化细胞和游离细胞具有相似的前期发酵过程和Lovastatin最高值,但固定化细胞表现出更长的稳定期和更好的稳定性。     

重离子束-紫外线复合诱变选育高产Lovastatin土曲霉菌株

利用重离子束与紫外线复合诱变的方法,选育得到一株高产Lovastatin土曲霉菌株Aspergillus terreusUV150-3。液态摇瓶发酵中Lovastatin产量达966.32mg/L,较原始出发菌株A.terreus CA99提高了4.6倍。经连续传代培养5代,其遗传性状均比较稳定。     

八种稻米基质对红曲重要代谢产物的影响

高胆固醇血症是动脉粥样硬化,冠心病及其他心血管疾病的重要危险因素。酸型洛伐他汀是高效的降胆固醇物质,它通过抑制胆固醇合成限速酶HMGCR的活性,降低人体内源性胆固醇的合成,从而达到降胆固醇的功效。红曲是一种药食两用的发酵产品,红曲米中主要功能性成分包含洛伐他汀和GABA等,可有效降低血脂和血压水平。以八种稻米为研究对象,考察了不同品种稻米为发酵基质对红曲霉TUST001发酵产物中洛伐他汀和GABA的影响。结果表明不同的大米为发酵基质对红曲霉TUST001代谢产物中功能性成分产量影响显著,其中稻米J1中洛伐他汀含量最高,达到5470.68μg/g,是J6的3.81倍;J7中GABA含量最高,达到283.11μg/g,是J6的3.40倍;红曲霉TUST001不产桔霉素。     

红曲霉发酵产物Monacolin K的研究进展与应用

Monacolin K是红曲霉发酵的次生代谢产物,能显著降低体内胆固醇的合成水平。主要综述了Monacolin K的理化性质、在抑制胆固醇合成方面的作用机制及红曲霉发酵过程中高产Monacolin K的途径,并对Monacolin K的发展前景进行了展望。     

五碳糖发酵生产乙醇的菌种研究进展

当前以木质纤维素为原料制备燃料乙醇已成为全球研究热点,发酵五碳糖产乙醇的菌种选育是其关键技术之一。文中综述了微生物发酵五碳糖产乙醇的机理,五碳糖发酵自然微生物的种类及菌种遗传改良的研究进展,并对今后菌种的研究方向进行了简要论述。     

新型功能性红曲调味品的研究

本研究以红曲霉，米曲霉为菌种，用不同配比的大米，豆粕，麸皮等为原料，分别进行单菌种及混合菌种培养，培养成熟后，并对其进行发酵，结果表明：可用大米，豆粕为原料培养红曲，米豆比例1．5：1，温度30℃，培养时间6d时为最佳。以红曲霉，米曲霉混合菌种培养，原料以米：豆粕：麸皮比例为1：2：1，温度30℃，培养时间3d为最佳。通过对两种发酵比较：混合菌种培养发酵工艺酿制的新型调味品，在感官及理化指标等方面均优于单菌种培养混合发酵工艺所酿制的调味品。℃     

酿造用米曲霉菌种选育的研究进展

米曲霉是酿造食品行业广泛使用的一种生产菌种,其发酵特性直接关系到终端产品的质量和生产效率,因此,选育优良的米曲霉菌种尤为重要。本文对米曲霉菌种选育改良的最新研究进展进行综述,从自然选育、物理诱变、化学诱变、原生质体融合、复合诱变、基因工程育种等技术层面归纳分析国内外研究进展,以期为研究同行拓展思路,并为米曲霉菌种的生产应用提供参考依据。     

紫外分光光度法测定红曲中酸式Lovastatin的含量

研究紫外分光光度计测定红曲中酸式Lovastatin的方法。将内酯型Lovastatin全部转化为酸式形式后用硅胶柱层析进行分离，再用双波长紫外分光光度法测定样品中总Lovastatin（以酸式存在）含量，同时用本室报道的实验方法测定内酯型Lovastatin的含量，二之差为红曲样品中酸式Lovastatin的含量。实验探索了样品中Lovastatin转化和洗脱的最佳条件，对总Lovastatin测定方法的准确度、精密度及最低检测限进行了研究，并且运用这一方法实测了五种红曲样品中酸式Lovastatin的含量。结果表明该方法具有良好的实用性，适用于中小企业对Lovastatin产品的科研开发及质量控制。     

Optimization of Fermentation Parameters for Higher Lovastatin Production in Red Mold Rice through Co-culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monascus purpureus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monascus ruber</Emphasis>

Monascus, fermented rice (red mold rice), has been found to reduce the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride due to presence of lovastatin. Lovastatin acts as an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Coculture of Monascus purpureus MTCC 369 and Monascus ruber MTCC 1880 was used to produce red mold rice by solid-state fermentation. Optimization of different fermentation process parameters such as temperature, fermentation time, inoculum volume, and pH of the solid medium was carried out by Box–Behnken’s factorial design of response surface methodology to maximize lovastatin concentration in red mold rice. Maximum lovastatin production of 2.83 mg/g was predicted at 14th day in solid medium under optimized process condition.     

Effects of Oolong Tea Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation of Athletes at Rest and Post-exhaustive Exercise

ABSTRACT: Oolong tea contains polyphenolic catechins that can act as antioxidants and improve blood lipid status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a daily intake of Oolong tea for 30 d on the cholesterol profiles, lipid peroxidation level, and superoxide dismutase activity in athletes before and after exhaustive exercise. Twenty-two male rugby players served as the experiment subjects. They were divided into 2 groups: the tea-supplement group and control group. The results showed that there was a significant increase in total plasma cholesterol for both groups after training. There were no significant differences in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level after tea supplementation. However, ingestion of Oolong tea resulted in significantly lower resting and post-exhaustive exercise level of plasma malondialdehyde, and significantly lower resting level of superoxide dismutase activity. The results suggest that supplementation with Oolong tea for rugby players can decrease oxidative stress, and this can be explained by the decrease of lipid peroxidation level in cooperation with Oolong tea supplementation against the free radicals.     

Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸在高脂血症中的作用机制研究进展

高脂血症是一种代谢紊乱疾病,直接引起或导致一些严重危害人体健康的疾病,如动脉粥样硬化、冠心病等。Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸能够显著降低大鼠及人体血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)的含量,同时增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的含量,其作用机制主要为增加外源性胆固醇代谢,减少内源性胆固醇合成,抑制肝脏胆固醇转运相关基因的表达,抑制肝脏载脂蛋白的产生,在高脂血症及其相关代谢性疾病的防治中发挥重要作用。基于国内外研究Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸对血脂水平的调节作用,对Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸在高脂血症中的作用机制进行综述,以期为深入研究Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸对于血脂和脂质代谢调节的相关机制和后续相关药物的研发提供参考。     

复合红曲胶囊辅助大鼠降血脂作用研究

目的 通过大鼠脂代谢紊乱模型法评价复合红曲胶囊辅助降血脂的作用。方法 雄性 SD 大鼠 40 只, 根据血清胆固醇(TC)及甘油三酯(TG)水平随机分为4组, 即3个剂量组和1个高脂饲料对照组, 连续灌胃30 d。实验期末取眼眶空腹血测定 TC、TG 和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。结果 低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清TG 水平明显低于高脂对照组(P<0.01)。低剂量组大鼠血清 TC 水平明显低于高脂对照组(P<0.05)。低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清 HDL-C 水平明显高于高脂对照组(P<0.01)。 结论 在本实验条件下, 复合红曲胶囊具有辅助降血脂的作用。     

Apple polyphenols inhibit plasma CETP activity and reduce the ratio of non-HDL to HDL cholesterol

Previous reports demonstrated that hypocholesterolemic activity of apple was associated with its pectin and fiber. This report was to investigate the effect of apple polyphenols (AP) on blood cholesterol level and gene expression of cholesterol-regulating enzymes in Golden Syrian hamsters maintained on a 0.1% cholesterol diet. It was found that dietary supplementation of 0.3 or 0.6% of AP did not affect plasma total cholesterol (TC), but it increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and decreased non-HDL-C, thus leading to a lower ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C. Plasma total triacylglycerol (TG) level was also significantly reduced when hamsters were fed a diet supplemented with 0.6% AP. Western blot analysis did not find any effect of AP on sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), LDL receptor (LDLR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), and cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A). Most interesting was that supplementation of AP had no effect on protein abundance of plasma cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP), but it suppressed plasma CETP activity. A series of in vitro assays confirmed that AP inhibited CETP in a dose dependent manner. It was concluded that AP favorably improved distribution of cholesterol in lipoproteins, most likely, by its inhibition on CETP activity.     

Functional Foods: Their Role in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

ABSTRACT: The effect of food factors on health status has been recognized since antiquity. More recently, epide-miological studies have led to fundamental research for unraveling the chemistry and mechanism of action of dietary phytochemicals and bioactives. Functional foods and natural health products encompass a wide range of food and ingredients, with a variety of bioactives responsible for their efficacy in health promotion and disease prevention. Phenolic and polyphenolic compounds constitute an important class of secondary plant metabolites that act as free radical scavengers and inhibitors of LDL cholesterol oxidation and DNA breakage, among others. Thus, the role of food phenolics and polyphenolics in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer is well recognized. In addition, certain marine foods have often been considered as "heart food" because of their omega-3 constituents which are known to lower blood triacylglycerol and, possibly, cholesterol levels. Thus, food factors from both plants and animals may be participating in human health promotion.     

The effect of taurine on cholesterol metabolism

The elevated plasma cholesterol level, in particular, LDL cholesterol is regarded as an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. A number of studies provide the evidence that taurine has the efficient action to reduce plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations, especially to decrease VLDL and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia animal induced by high cholesterol diet. Cholesterol lowering effect of taurine is actually involved in the regulatory mechanism of cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis that mediated by CYP7A1, which has become a biomarker for cholesterol metabolism and itself is also regulated by several factors and nuclear receptors. This review summarizes the change of cholesterol concentration in metabolism observed in feeding studies of hypercholesterolemia animal dealing with taurine, and then, addresses the possible metabolic and molecular mechanisms of cholesterol lowering effect by taurine in three aspects, cholesterol clearance from blood circulation, bioconversion of cholesterol to bile acid in liver, and excretion of cholesterol and bile acid from intestine.     

The effects of hazelnut oil usage on live weight, carcass, rumen, some blood parameters and femur head ash in Akkaraman lambs

This study was carried out to determine the effects of hazelnut oil supplementation in the diets on growth, carcass and blood parameters as well as rumen pH, protozoa quantity and femur head ash in Akkaraman lambs. Forty native Akkaraman lambs were used. The lambs were divided into two groups as treatment and control. The treatment group diet was supplemented with 3% hazelnut oil. The study was continued for 84 days. The values regarding plasma malondialdehyde, cholesterol, triglyceride and antioxidant activity levels were found to be lower in the treatment group. In conclusion, supplementing 3% hazelnut oil in the diet of Akkaraman lambs had no detrimental effects on live weight, carcass and blood parameters, rumen microbial activity and femur ash. While the plasma glutathione and glucose levels increased, total cholesterol levels decreased. Considering the low level of malondialdehyde and high level of glutathione, it could be claimed that supplementation of hazelnut oil at 3% in diets plays a protective role against oxidative damage in the body. Therefore it could be used in sheep feeding.