CeO_2/RP-PSCFM@CoFe阳极材料用于质子导体乙烷燃料电池共生乙烯和电能（英文）

固体氧化物燃料电池钙钛矿阳极材料可以通过改性获得优异的催化活性,低的极化阻抗和稳定的抗积炭能力。在此,以立方相钙钛矿Pr_(0.4)Sr_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.7)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)作为阳极前驱体,然后将CeO_2成功地浸渍到阳极的多孔结构中。通过原位还原技术获得了纳米合金粒子负载钙钛矿基底的复合阳极用于质子导体乙烷固体氧化物燃料电池。在氢气和乙烷气氛中,750℃时,燃料电池峰值功率密度分别达到253和183 m W·cm~(-2)。而且,在十小时的测试中燃料电池性能没有衰减反而电流密度随着时间的延长而增加,表明CeO_2浸渍表现出优异的催化活性和抗积炭稳定性。同时,通过产物分析,乙烯的产率从650℃下的23.52%增加到750℃下的34.09%,并且乙烯选择性超过94%。因此改性的阳极通过析出的纳米颗粒与CeO_2的协同作用,促进了燃料电池电极的催化活性和稳定性,将其运用到质子导体固体氧化物乙烷燃料电池中成功实现了乙烯与电能的共生。     

燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能共生中应用

燃料电池作为能源转换装置能够高效地将化学能转化为电能,随着技术的发展人们将其作为反应器来完成高附加值的化学品的合成,同时产生一定的电能. 燃料电池反应器因具有反应条件温和、反应过程可控、产物选择性高、能源利用效率高等特点,而被广泛地应用于医药中间体的制备、气体分离、水处理等多个领域. 本文首先按照反应器中阴阳极区域发生反应的类型进行分类,介绍燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能联产中的研究现状和研究进展. 随后描述了燃料电池反应器中存在的问题,并依照催化剂、反应过程等方向对解决方案进行探讨. 最后,对几种新型燃料电池反应器的研究进行了简要的介绍并对其发展做出了展望.     

燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能共生中应用北大核心CSCD

燃料电池作为能源转换装置能够高效地将化学能转化为电能,随着技术的发展人们将其作为反应器来完成高附加值的化学品的合成,同时产生一定的电能.燃料电池反应器因具有反应条件温和、反应过程可控、产物选择性高、能源利用效率高等特点,而被广泛地应用于医药中间体的制备、气体分离、水处理等多个领域.本文首先按照反应器中阴阳极区域发生反应的类型进行分类,介绍燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能联产中的研究现状和研究进展.随后描述了燃料电池反应器中存在的问题,并依照催化剂、反应过程等方向对解决方案进行探讨.最后,对几种新型燃料电池反应器的研究进行了简要的介绍并对其发展做出了展望.     

燃料电池技术在电催化反应领域的应用

燃料电池反应器是一种既能生产有价值化学品,又能同时发电的新型单元操作装置.由于其安全、反应易受控制、无污染,且能源资源利用率高的特点,日益受到各国工业部门的重视.本文评述了几类燃料电池反应器如酸性燃料电池、质子交换膜燃料电池和固体氧化物燃料电池的用途、工作原理及其实现工业化所面临的几个主要问题。     

单室固体氧化物燃料电池

单室固体氧化物燃料电池使矿物燃料和氧在同一气室中反应发电,具有无需密封、结构简单及抗热和机械性能强的特点,已经显示出作为便携式电源的良好发展前景,近几年来已成为燃料电池领域的一个研究热点.本文较详细地介绍了单室固体氧化物燃料电池的发展背景、特点、工作原理和影响单室固体氧化物燃料电池性能的众多因素,阐述了它的发展历程及最新进展,并对其前景进行了展望.     

单室固体氧化物燃料电池

单室固体氧化物燃料电池使矿物燃料和氧在同一气室中反应发电,具有无需密封、结构简单及抗热和机械性能强的特点,已经显示出作为便携式电源的良好发展前景,近几年来已成为燃料电池领域的一个研究热点.本文较详细地介绍了单室固体氧化物燃料电池的发展背景、特点、工作原理和影响单室固体氧化物燃料电池性能的众多因素,阐述了它的发展历程及最新进展,并对其前景进行了展望.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池优势和挑战的简要评述

燃料电池是一种将燃料的化学能直接转化为电能的电化学发电装置. 在各种类型的燃料电池中,固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）在600~800 ^oC的中温区运行,因此与质子交换膜燃料电池等低温燃料电池相比,它的燃料选择范围更广,具有更广泛的应用前景. 然而,SOFC的商业应用面临着两大挑战：成本和稳定性. 这两种挑战与阳极、阴极、电解质、连接体和密封材料等组件的加工、制备、性能、化学和微结构稳定性密切相关. 电池堆的导管连接材料也需要经过仔细地筛选,以最大限度地降低有毒害的挥发性成分,从而确保电池结构的稳定和完整. 本文旨在简要评述SOFC的材料和组分的研究现状,并提出展望. 本文也对新一代SOFC技术面临的机遇和挑战进行了探讨.     

单室固体氧化物燃料电池

单室固体氧化物燃料电池使矿物燃料和氧在同一气室中反应发电,具有无需密封、结构简单及抗热和机械性能强的特点,已经显示出作为便携式电源的良好发展前景,近几年来已成为燃料电池领域的一个研究热点。本文较详细地介绍了单室固体氧化物燃料电池的发展背景、特点、工作原理和影响单室固体氧化物燃料电池性能的众多因素,阐述了它的发展历程及最新进展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

高温固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）进展

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC) 采用的是全固体的电池结构, 不存在液体电解质带来的腐蚀和流失等问题, 而且具有燃料适应性广等突出优点, 近几年发展非常迅速, 已经展示出作为集中或分散发电新技术的前景。本文较详细地介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池的特点、工作原理和关键电池材料的研制, 并全面阐述了国内外发展现状和发展趋势。     

《固体氧化物燃料电池新型材料》

本书主要结合国内外固体氧化物燃料电池材料的研究进展,探讨钙钛矿型复合氧化物电解质材料、阴极材料和阳极材料及其组成单电池的制备工艺和性能,以期对固体氧化物燃料电池技术的研究有所推动。可供从事固体氧化物燃料电池和新材料研究与开发的科研人员、企事业单位的技术人员和管理人员阅读,也可供能源、化学、材料等相关专业教师     

CeO2/RP-PSCFM@CoFe阳极材料用于质子导体乙烷燃料电池共生乙烯和电能

The continuous consumption and excessive use of fossil fuels promote the exploration of new energy conversion technologies. Meanwhile, the increase in the supply of ethane encourages the development of industrial technology for the production of ethylene chemical raw materials. Compared with traditional fossil fuel energy conversion equipment, solid oxide ethane cogeneration fuel cells are an efficient energy processing device. Through selective oxidation of fuel gas on the anode, the endothermic process of ethane dehydrogenation is converted into an exothermic oxidation reaction, which has a greater driving force for reaction thermodynamics, and simultaneously produces clean electricity and value-added chemicals without CO₂ emissions. The anode material used for the proton conductor ethane fuel cells needs to operate stably and efficiently under hydrocarbon fuel. Consequently, excellent catalytic activity, low polarization resistance, and anti-coking stability are essential. In this work, CeO₂ was uniformly impregnated into the surface of the porous cubic perovskite Pr_0.4Sr_0.6Co_0.2Fe_0.7Mo_0.1O_3−δ anode by wet impregnation, and then calcined and reduced to obtain a CeO₂/RP-PSCFM@CoFe composite anode embedded with nanoparticles, which was successfully used in electrolyte-supported proton conductor fuel cells. CeO₂ has a high ionic conductivity and transport capacity, which accelerates the transfer rate of protons on the anode and improves the catalytic reaction and transport process. Moreover, uniformly dispersed CeO₂ can effectively increase the three-phase interface of the anode reaction and increase the range of reaction activity. The peak power densities before and after wet impregnation reached 172 and 253 mW·cm⁻², respectively, at 750 ℃. When switching to ethane as the fuel, the peak power densities reached 136 and 183 mW·cm⁻², respectively. The polarization resistance of the impregnated single cell was significantly reduced, and the catalytic activity improved. Moreover, there was no attenuation for 10 h in the long-term test. Inversely, the current density increased with the continuous reduction of the composite anode. Product analysis revealed that the yield of ethylene increased from 23.52% at 650 ℃ to 34.09% at 750 ℃, and the ethylene selectivity exceeded 94%. These results clearly show that the impregnated anode exhibited excellent catalytic activity and anti-coking ability in hydrocarbon fuels at high temperatures. Combining CoFe nanoparticles with CeO₂ enhanced the electronic conductance and ionic conductance of the electrode, improved the transmission of electric energy and the efficient conversion of chemicals, thus successfully producing the cogeneration of electric energy and ethylene.     

纳米NiO催化乙烷低温氧化脱氢制乙烯

 用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米氧化镍。TEM结果表明，在380℃下焙烧的氧化镍粒子大小在10 nm以下。与大尺寸氧化镍相比，纳米氧化镍对乙烷氧化脱氢反应的催化性能有较大的改善，在获得相当收率时反应温度大约下降125℃。关于热点问题，可以通过催化剂与石英沙混合得到解决。     

Energochemical technologies: energy and bulk/basic chemicals in a single process

The exoergic reactions, which underlie the production of large-scale basic chemicals for organic industry, can be used for one-pot generation of energy and chemical products. Typical examples include methane oxidative conversion to produce synthesis gas and methane oxidative dimerization to give ethylene and ethane.     

固体氧化物燃料电池直接以焦炭为燃料的电性能

直接碳固体氧化物燃料电池（DC-SOFC）是一种潜在的固体碳燃料高效率、低污染发电技术。本研究报道了将工业焦炭直接用作管式DC-SOFC燃料的研究。制备了电极材料为Ag-GDC （钆掺杂氧化铈）的YSZ （钇稳定化氧化锆）电解质支撑型管式固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）。采用拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪对焦炭燃料进行了性质表征。结果表明,焦炭燃料呈微米级的颗粒状,并含有大量对Boudouard反应有利的缺陷结构。电池以纯焦炭为燃料在850℃取得的最大功率密度为149mW/cm²,在碳燃料表面负载能提高Boudouard反应速率的Fe催化剂后,最大功率密度提高至217mW/cm²。通过电化学测试和尾气表征,分析了恒电流放电过程中电池的性能衰减机制。测试结果证明了将焦炭直接用作全固态DC-SOFC的燃料产生电能的可行性。     

CO2 emission free co-generation of energy and ethylene in hydrocarbon SOFC reactors with a dehydrogenation anode

A dehydrogenation anode is reported for hydrocarbon proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A Cu-Cr(2)O(3) nanocomposite is obtained from CuCrO(2) nanoparticles as an inexpensive, efficient, carbon deposition and sintering tolerant anode catalyst. A SOFC reactor is fabricated using a Cu-Cr(2)O(3) composite as a dehydrogenation anode and a doped barium cerate as a proton conducting electrolyte. The protonic membrane SOFC reactor can selectively convert ethane to valuable ethylene, and electricity is simultaneously generated in the electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenation process. While there are no CO(2) emissions, traces of CO are present in the anode exhaust when the SOFC reactor is operated at over 700 °C. A mechanism is proposed for ethane electro-catalytic dehydrogenation over the Cu-Cr(2)O(3) catalyst. The SOFC reactor also has good stability for co-generation of electricity and ethylene at 700 °C.     

乙烷脱氢制乙烯技术研究进展及趋势

在碳中和及全球能源供需版图调整的背景下,乙烯生产原料轻质化成为主流趋势。乙烷脱氢制乙烯技术具有低能耗、低碳排、流程短、收率高、成本低等优势,但目前工业上主要通过乙烷蒸汽裂解法生产乙烯,其他方法工业化生产相对不成熟。本文简述了近年来乙烷脱氢制乙烯技术(包括直接催化脱氢、O₂辅助氧化脱氢、CO₂辅助氧化脱氢、化学链氧化脱氢、催化膜反应器脱氢等)工艺及催化剂的研究现状,同时介绍了其他新兴工艺及催化剂。乙烷脱氢制乙烯技术现阶段面临的挑战不仅在于开发更高效的催化剂及更低能耗的技术,更需要突破乙烷脱氢热力学平衡的限制设计合适的反应路径,其中催化膜反应器脱氢、化学链氧化脱氢工艺都具有非常广阔的市场和工业化发展前景。     

Light Hydrocarbon Separations Using Porous Organic Framework Materials

Light hydrocarbons (C₁–C₃) are used as basic energy feedstocks and as commodity organic compounds for the production of many industrially necessary chemicals. Due to the nature of the raw materials and production processes, light hydrocarbons are generated as mixtures, but the high-purity single-component products are of vital importance to the petrochemical industry. Consequently, the separation of these C₁–C₃ products is a crucial industrial procedure that comprises a significant share of the total global energy consumption per year. As a complement to traditional separation methods (distillation, partial hydrogenation, etc.), adsorptive separations using porous solids have received widespread attention due to their lower energy costs and higher efficiency. Extensive research has been devoted to the use of porous materials such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as solid adsorbents for these key separations, owing to the high porosity, tunable pore structures, and unsaturated metal sites present in these materials. Recently, porous organic framework (POF) materials composed of organic building blocks linked by covalent bonds have also shown excellent properties in light hydrocarbon adsorption and separation, sparking interest in the use of these materials as adsorbents in separation processes. This Minireview summarizes the recent advances in the use of POFs for light hydrocarbon separations, including the separation of mixtures of methane/ethane, methane/propane, ethylene/ethane, acetylene/ethylene, and propylene/propane, while highlighting the relationships between the structural features of these materials and their separation performances. Finally, the difficulties, challenges, and opportunities associated with leveraging POFs for light hydrocarbon separations are discussed to conclude the review.     

Three-phase electrochemistry for green ethylene production

The electrochemical conversion of greenhouse gases (mainly CO₂ and CH₄) into ethylene has attracted worldwide attention. Compared with thermal cracking and dehydrogenation ethylene production processes, electrochemical ethylene production is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly process with high atom and energy economies. Great efforts have been made in enhancing the performance of electrochemical CO_x reduction and alkane dehydrogenation reactions in recent years. The complicated interactions between gas reactants, electrolytes, and catalysts force the three-phase interface mass transfer process an important issue in determining the electrochemical activity and product selectivity. Herein, we summarize the recent progresses on electrochemical ethylene production. Special attention has been paid to the principles for the design of gas–liquid–solid and gas–solid–solid three-phase interfaces and their influence on the electrochemical CO_x reduction and alkane dehydrogenation reactions. The comprehensive understanding of those different ethylene production reactions together from the perspective of the three-phase interface-related mass transfer process would provide new insights into the design of advanced electrochemical cells for green ethylene production.