Quantitative Error Analysis for Ebulliometric Method

1 INTRODUCTIONCottrell,Kojima et al.,Eckert et al.and Swietoslawski have suggested the applica-tion of certain ebulliometers.This method of ebulliometry has generally been used to deter-mine the boiling temperature at constant pressure or to determine the equilibrium pressure atconstant temperature,taking it as a function of the gravimetrically determined compositionx_0 of the solution.It is known that t-x_0 or p-x_0 data instead of t-x or p-x data have been ob-tained by this method where x_0 is not equal to the equilibrium liquid composition x.In this     

Quantitative Error Analysis for Ebulliometric Method

1 INTRODUCTION Cottrell[1], Kojima et al.[2], Eckert et al.[3] and Swietoslawski[4] have suggested the application of certain ebulliometers.     

A New Method of Fabricating NASICON Thin Film

Nasicon thin films of 15 μm thick on YSZ sub-strates were prepared by means of solid state reaction at 1230℃ for 10 hours,Stuctural characteriza-tion of the films were performed by XRD ,SEM and EDX,A new tyype of CO2 gas sensor with Nasicon thin film as solid electrolyte was developed.     

Chemical Analysis Method for Carbon Bearing Refractory Products——Determination of Magnesium Oxide Content by CyDTA Volumetric Method

GB/T 13246-91 1 Scope This standard specifies the method summary, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, test results calculation and permissible tolerance of the determination of magnesium oxide by CyDTA volumetric method.This standard applies to the determination of magnesium oxide content in between 60% and 85% in magnesia-carbon bricks     

Chemical Analysis Method for Carbon Bearing Refractory Products——Determination of the Total Carbon by Combustion Gravimetric Method

GB/T 13245-91 1 Theme and Scope This standard specifies the method abstract, reagents, apparatus, specimen, analyzing procedure, result calculation and permissible tolerance used for determination of the total carbon with combustion gravimetric method.     

Chemical Analysis Method for Magnesia and Magnesia-Alumina Refractories——Gravimetric-Molybdenum Blue Photometric Method for Determination of Silicon Dioxide Content

GB/T 5069.3-2001 1 Scope This standard specifies the gravimetric-molybdenum blue photometric method for determination of silicon dioyide content.This standard is used for the determination of silicon dioxide content of magnesia and magnesia-alumina refractory materials. Determination range: >5.00%.     

Development of Tabular Corundum by Electro—fusion Method

A tabular corundum(TC) with α-Al2O3 as main crystalline phazse has been made by elec-tro-fusion method,Its physical and chemical properties are: Al2O3 99.11% ,SiO2 0.07%, Fe2O3 0.04% Na2O3 0.23% ,granular bulk density 3.89 g/cm^3.     

Refractory Material ——Determination of Thermal Expansion-Push Rod Method

GB/T 7320·1 -20001 ScopeThis standard specifies thermal expansion testmethod of refractories by push rod method.This standard is applicable to determination of lin-ear expansion or mean linear expansion coefficient ofrefractories over the range from room temperature to1300℃.Note: The temperature range can be extended to1500℃ if the condition is feasible.2 Referenced documentsThe following standards contain provisions, whichthrough reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis stand…     

Investigation of the Metabolic Flux Analysis Method for Overdetermined System

With the xanthan synthesis in Xanthomonas campestris as an example, two methods for metabolic flux analysis of overdetermined system, the experimental data error minimization method and the equation error minimization method, are compared from their mathematical basis, rationality of the results and the easiness of computation. The results show that the experimental data error minimization method is appropriate in metabolic flux analysis of overdetermined system.     

Mullite Continuous Ceramic Fiber Prepared by Sol—Gel Method

As oxide materials,continuous mullite fiber has superior properties in high temperature resis-tance when exposed in air,Present work shows the production of oxide solutio and the spinning of the nullite fiber,The stable spinning lasted over 10 hours,The strength of the mullite-based fiber is 1900 MPa with a diameter of 10μm after about 1000℃ treatment,When the treatment temperature exceeds 1300℃ the grains of fiber become column crystals and results in reduction of fiber strength.     

Appendix B Test Method on Exudation Quantity of Glassy Phase

B1 Scope This standard specifies the principle, specimen, testing process, result and report of the test method on seeping quantity of glassy phase of fused cast zirconiaalumina refractories.     

Nanometer Sized Silver Particles Embedded Silica Particles—Spray Method

Spherical shaped, nanometer to micro meter sized silica particles were prepared in a homogeneous nature by spray technique. Silver nanoparticles were produced over the surface of the silica grains in a harmonized manner. The size of silver and silica particles was effectively controlled by the precursors and catalysts. The electrostatic repulsion among the silica spheres and the electro static attraction between silica spheres and silver particles make the synchronized structure of the synthesized particles and the morphological images are revealed by transmission electron microscope. The silver ions are reduced by sodium borohydride. Infra red spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirm the formation of silver–silica composite particles. Thermal stability of the prepared particles obtained from thermal analysis ensures its higher temperature applications. The resultant silver embedded silica particles can be easily suspended in diverse solvents and would be useful for variety of applications.     

DOBD Algorithm for Training Neural Network: Part I. Method

Overfitting is one of the important problems that restrain the application of neural network. The traditional OBD (Optimal Brain Damage) algorithm can avoid overfitting effectively. But it needs to train the network repeatedly with low calculational efficiency. In this paper, the Marquardt algorithm is incorporated into the OBD algorithm and a new method for pruning network－the Dynamic Optimal Brain Damage (DOBD) is introduced. This algorithm simplifies a network and obtains good generalization through dynamically deleting weight parameters with low sensitivity that is defined as the change of error function value with respect to the change of weights. Also a simplified method is presented through which sensitivities can be calculated during training with a little computation. A rule to determine the lower limit of sensitivity for deleting the unnecessary weights and other control methods during pruning and training are introduced. The training course is analyzed theoretically and the reason why DOBD algorithm can obtain a much faster training speed than the OBD algorithm and avoid overfitting effectively is given.     

Purification of Nucleoside-5′-diphosphates: A New Ion-Exchange Method

Abstract

Inosine- and uridine-5′-diphosphates can be purified by ion-exchange chromatography utilizing a new ion-exchange method where Type 1 ion-exchange resins and the absorbed nucleoside polyphosphates are changed to the basic form by rinsing the column with dilute sodium hydroxide and subsequently eluting with dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride.     

Method and Apparatus for Precision In‐Line Sampling of Distillate

Abstract

In this short note we present a method and describe a simple apparatus for use with simple, fractional, and steam distillation operations in which the operator requires a precise measurement of instantaneous distillate composition as the distillation proceeds. There are many examples in which such a measurement will play a critical role. One such example is in the measurement of boiling or distillation curves, where one desires an explicit measure of distillation process temperatures as a function of distillate volume fraction. The ability to augment temperature‐volume distillation curves with composition information is very helpful. The optimization of critical distillation conditions for the separation of sensitive solutes is another example in which instantaneous distillate composition is of value. The purification of reactants before a reaction is still another example. In all of these cases, it is the instantaneous composition that emerges from the condenser that is needed, rather than the integrated composition of the distillate that accumulates in the receiver. In this note, the apparatus and method are described, and an example is given with a mixture of n‐decane/n‐tetradecane.     

Optimization of the Spray Drying Operating Parameters—A Quick Trial-and-Error Method

This short communication reports an optimization approach to effectively determine suitable spray drying operating parameters for a pilot-scale dryer. The proposed optimization approach is essential, as pilot-scale investigations and medium-scale contract productions often involve usage of standard spray dryer units which is not specifically designed for the feed material used. This optimization approach was developed based on past studies on the effect and relationship of the many spray drying operating parameters and highlights two factors which has to be solved (or considered) chronologically: dripping problem, followed by product caking problem. Based on this proposed approach, an algorithm was developed in a case study to optimize an available spray dryer for our future experimental study on wall deposition. In this case, the operating parameters were determined under minimal experimental runs. This proposed optimization approach will be a useful tool for operators and experimenters utilizing spray dryers of similar type, particularly in exploring new feed materials. Depending on the optimization objectives and experimental limitations, different algorithms can be developed. Apart from that, interesting deposition pattern was also observed in the case study. This short communication also reported on the design of an internal rig for further studies on wall deposition.     

Test Method for Determination of Thermal Shock resistance（Air Quenching）

On the basis of the theory of thermal shock resistance in the science of materials and the test method of air quenching which is generally rec-ognized internationally,especially in Europe,the present test methods for determination of thermal shock resistance in China have been analysed,Experiment study on thermal shock resis-tance of silica and basic refractory products has been conducted,and a new test method of thermal shock resistance-air quenching method has been put forward.     

An Improved Isolation Method of Soy β-Conglycinin Subunits and Their Characterization

This study aimed at establishing an effective preparative isolation method of soy β-conglycinin constituent subunits and characterizing some of their physicochemical properties and their heat-induced aggregation. These subunits were isolated in relatively large amounts and in high purity by dissociating β-conglycinin in 6 M urea and using a combination of DEAE-Sepharose fast flow column chromatography and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). At a pH deviating from isoelectric point (pI), zeta potentials of α′ and α subunits were much larger than that of β subunit, while in the latter case, the hydrophobic groups were more buried within the proteins. Dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the extent of heat-induced aggregation of β subunit was much higher than that of α′ and α subunits, and the aggregation was also more affected by the increase in ionic strength. Atomic force microscopy analysis indicated that more ordered and stranded aggregates were formed for α′ and α subunits. These results confirm a close relationship between physicochemical properties and heat-induced aggregation of β-conglycinin subunits.     

Gas‐Dynamic Method of Determining Combustion Efficiency in a Model with Combustion

A method of determining combustion efficiency and testgas parameters along the combustion chamber with a supersonic velocity of air at the entrance is considered. The composition and properties of the test gas are determined by a thermodynamic calculation with allowance for dissociation and temperature dependence of the energy of internal degrees of freedom. The sources of errors and the influence of accuracy of initial data definition in a zerodimensional approach to determining the combustion curve and flow parameters are studied.     

Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Test of MgO Whiskers by Carbon—reduction Method

The equilibrium partial pressure of Mg (g) from magnesia and carbon reaction at dif-ferent temperatures were calculated,Thermo-dynamic conditions for MgO whiskers synthe-sized by carbon-reduction method were dis-cussed and experimental test was designed by using theoretical results.XRD patterns and SEM photograph of MgO whiskers obtained have proved the correctness of theoretical anal-ysis.