Alcalase酶解蛋清粉制备抗凝血肽的工艺优化

采用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶酶解蛋清粉制备食源性抗凝血肽。结果表明:底物浓度过大会抑制水解度的增长,底物质量分数为1%时蛋白质完全水解后的产物抗凝血活性最佳;高温和低温均对水解度有影响,低温酶解产物的抗凝血活性较好;pH值对水解度的影响与Alcalase的最适pH值有关;pH值为7时,抗凝血活性最好;酶/底物浓度增大,但底物不变的情况下,对水解度的提高不明显,酶/底物浓度过大,导致抗凝血活性降低。考虑交互作用经试验优化设计确定的酶解最佳工艺参数为:底物质量分数为1%,酶解温度为50 ℃,酶/底物质量分数为5%,酶解pH为8。在该条件下水解2 h,凝血抑制率达到68.92%。     

碱滴定法研究镍离子的水解

根据金属离子水解过程中溶液酸碱度的变化,用碱滴定法研究了镍(Ni~(2 ))离子的水解与pH的关系;实验表明,Ni~(2 )显著水解的pH值随溶液浓度的增大而减小;水解的主要产物为Ni_4(OH)_4~(4 )水解的pH范围为6～7,主要水解产物的热力学稳定常数lgββ=-24.65。     

蜗牛水解液的制备及其乳酸发酵饮料的研究

用碱性蛋白酶对白玉蜗牛肉进行水解,探讨了水解温度、pH值、加酶量及固液比对蜗牛肉水解液水解得率的影响,通过正交试验确定了蜗牛肉水解的较佳条件,并以水解液为原料进行乳酸菌发酵,获得较佳的饮料制备工艺.结果表明:以碱性蛋白酶为水解酶,水解工艺条件为,温度50℃,pH 10.5,料液比1:5,加酶量6 000 U/g,水解3 h后加1%风味蛋白酶水解1 h时水解度为7.13%.水解液乳酸菌发酵的较佳工艺条件为:115℃高温灭菌15 min,蔗糖添加量5%,乳糖添加量2%,乳酸菌接种量3%～4%,时间6 h.     

酶法水解鸡肝的工艺研究

采用5种蛋白酶分别对鸡肝进行水解,以水解度为指标,通过单因素试验,对原料预处理方法、酶解温度、pH、酶用量(E/S)、底物浓度及酶解时间等酶解条件进行优化,确定了Alcalase、Neutrase、Protamex、Fla-vourzyme以及木瓜蛋白酶水解鸡肝的工艺条件.综合比较酶解产物的水解度、氮回收率、感官质量和胆固醇含量发现,Alcalase水解能力最强,且产物苦味较弱;而Flavourzyme所得水解产物感官质量最好,无苦味,且具有较好的鲜味;酶解产物中均不含胆固醇.优选Alcalase用于单酶水解鸡肝,通过正交实验优化确定其最佳水解条件为:温度60℃,pH值8.0,加酶量1.25%,水解时间2.5h,底物浓度7.5%.在此条件下所得酶解液水解度为52.62%,氮回收率为85.32%.     

2种蛋白酶对鲢鱼蛋白质的酶解作用

为了利用蛋白酶水解低值鱼或鱼加工下脚料生产水解鱼蛋白质,以鲢鱼蛋白质为原料对比研究了原料前处理、底物浓度、酶解时间、产物抑制浓度等对碱性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶水解鱼蛋白质的影响,并研究了用2种蛋白酶分阶段水解鱼蛋白质的工艺.结果表明,碱性蛋白酶水解鲢鱼蛋白质在pH 8.0时的适宜条件为:温度45 ℃,酶解时间20 min,蛋白质质量分数低于6%,产物氨基态氮质量浓度低于2.55 g/L;复合蛋白酶在pH 6.5时的最适水解条件为:温度50 ℃,酶解时间20 min,蛋白质质量分数小于6%,产物氨基态氮质量浓度小于2.25 g/L;用2种蛋白酶分段水解鲢鱼蛋白质可大大提高水解产物的氨基态氮含量,增加水解产物的得率.     

烷氧基钨水解,热解制备WO3超细颗粒

我们利用W(OMe)6的水解及WO(OR)_4、WO_2(OR)_2的直接热分解制备了WO_3超细颗粒.对产物进行了扫描电子显微镜及红外光谱分析.实验制备的WO_3颗粒为球形或椭球形.粒径在90～400nm范围内,化学纯度高,单分散性能良好.探讨了不同因素对合成粒子性能的影响.结果表明,粒子的平均直径dv随着反应底物浓度的增加而增大;调节所加水的pH值,在水解体系中引入大分子PEG(聚乙二醇)均能降低粒子的尺寸;以无水乙醇或丙酮脱除水解产物中的水且采用减压干燥可改善粒子的团聚程度.     

沙角衣藻的抗菌活性研究

在液体培养基中添加不同剂量的沙角衣藻(Chlamydomonas sajiao Lewin),用比浊法测定7种细菌和7种植物病原真菌在其中的生长量.结果显示,沙角衣藻对供试的7种细菌与7种植物病原真菌具有高效抗菌活性,并随藻体浓度的增加抗菌活性而增强.对各菌的抑菌效果表明：对细菌的起始抑制浓度为0.2×10-3 g/mL～0.5×10-3 g/mL,完全抑制浓度为30×10-3 g/mL～40×10-3 g/mL;对真菌的起始抑制浓度为1.5×10-3 g/mL～2×10-3 g/mL,完全抑制浓度为6     

枯草芽孢杆菌培养液水解鱼蛋白质制备蛋白胨的初步研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌胞外蛋白酶的产生条件及其培养液水解鱼蛋白质制备蛋白胨进行了初步研究．结果表明,适宜枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的培养基初始pH值7．0、培养温度30℃、250mL三角瓶中的装液量为60mL,培养时间为24h;用枯草芽孢杆菌培养液为蛋白酶源水解蛋白质时,应控制反应体系的温度为55℃,pH9．0,加入低浓度的Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋并去除Cu^2＋、Fe^3＋、Pb^2＋和Ag^＋,对枯草芽孢杆菌产酶有促进作用．用枯草芽孢杆菌培养液分别水解鳕鱼粉和罗非鱼,蛋白质制备蛋白胨的得率分别为13．95％和14．96％,与目前的工业水平基本相当．     

MS培养基凝固效果和高温灭菌后pH值变化的研究

研究了培养基的pH值、琼脂浓度与MS培养基凝固的关系 ,以及不同成分对高温灭菌后MS培养基pH值的影响 .结果表明 ,调高培养基的pH值或增加琼脂浓度均可改善培养基的凝固效果 ;高温灭菌后 ,MS基本培养基的pH值由灭菌前的 5 .80下降为 5 .5 1 ,造成pH值下降的最主要原因是高温灭菌过程中EDTA铁盐与其它微量元素发生相互作用所致 ;同基本培养基相比 ,培养基中加入 3 0 .0g·L- 1 蔗糖、食用白糖、葡萄糖或果糖使高温灭菌后的培养基的pH值分别下降了 0 .0 6、0 .1 0、0 .2 8和 0 .98个单位 ,而添加 2 .0g·L- 1 水解酪蛋白、蛋白胨、酵母提取物或 1 .0～ 5 .0g·L- 1 活性炭则使高温灭菌后的培养基的pH值分别上升了 0 .2 3 ,0 .1 8,0 .3 9和 0 .1 9～ 0 .72个单位     

餐厨垃圾发酵产油脂的复合酶制剂水解试验

为使餐厨垃圾能有效地通过微生物发酵产油脂,采用复合酶对餐厨垃圾进行水解预处理研究。研究结果表明,复合酶中淀粉酶、糖化酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶投加量分别为92.5,1 250,3 000,100活力/g原料时,效果最优;其水解产物中氨基酸态氮浓度为137.7mg/L,还原糖的质量百分比含量为11.11%。在复合酶各组分投加量一定时,水解效果受pH值、温度和水解时间影响。试验结果表明,pH值为6、温度为55℃、水解时间为30min时,水解效率最高;在最佳水解条件下,每升水解液经从土壤筛选分离的菌种B发酵7d后,生物产量36.9g,微生物油脂产量5.172g。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to