两种非贵金属烤瓷冠对基牙龈沟液量及其成分的影响研究

目的：探讨钛合金和钴铬合金烤瓷冠对基牙牙周组织的影响。方法：选择需要制作钛合金和钴铬合金烤瓷冠的临床病例各50例,于修复前,戴临时冠1周,戴牙1个月、3个月、6个月提取龈沟液,检测其质量、内毒素、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）及天门冬氨酸基转移酶（AST）活性含量。结果：钛合金和钴铬合金烤瓷组戴临时冠1周时龈沟液量、内毒素、ALP及AST量均有所增高（P〈0.05）;之后4项指标均下降并维持稳定,与牙体预备前无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：两种非贵金属烤瓷冠对基牙牙周组织无不良影响。     

临时冠对龈沟液量及其成分的影响

目的：检测烤瓷冠修复前、戴临时冠后1周龈沟液量及AST、ALP活性、内毒素含量,评价临时冠对牙周组织的影响。方法：选择需制作烤瓷冠的患者30例,分别于修复前、戴临时冠1周、提取其龈沟液检测质量及AST、ALP活性及内毒素含量,分析龈沟液的质量及AST、ALP活性及内毒素含量变化,评估临时冠对牙周组织的影响。结果：戴临时冠1周时龈沟液量、AST、ALP及内毒素量均高于牙体预备前。结论：戴临时冠1周时龈沟液量、AST、ALP及内毒素量均增高;提示临时冠制作材料和方法均需进一步探讨。     

烤瓷冠对牙周的影响及龈沟液内毒素研究现状

烤瓷熔附金属全冠是一种较理想的修复体，已在我国广泛应用，但它引起的牙体、牙周组织损害的严重性，也越来越引起研究者的注意。目前临床上比较常用的牙周组织疾病诊断方法，主要是依赖临床指标及X线诊断，由于受到人为因素的影响，故难以对牙周组织损伤进行客观的评价。目前较多研究者集中于对龈沟液成分的研究，因为龈沟液中的内毒素，可以通过对细胞的直接毒害作用、介导炎症反应和免疫应答3种途径，对牙周组织造成破坏，所以越来越引起研究者的重视，测量其在龈沟液中的含量具有重要的临床应用价值。     

三种冠边缘设计对龈沟液中内毒素含量的影响

目的:通过测定冠修复前后龈沟液内毒素含量的变化,评价3种冠边缘设计对牙龈状况与龈沟液中内毒素含量的影响。方法:将要求烤瓷熔附金属全冠修复的就诊患者,随机分为A:肩台组、B:浅凹型肩台组、C:刃状边缘组,每组各10例。分别将修复前、修复后1个月、6个月的龈沟液样本内毒素量、龈沟液量及牙龈指数进行比较,统计学处理。结果:3组患牙冠修复后1个月各项指标明显上升。冠修复后6个月A、B两组各项指标下降至接近牙体预备前水平;C组内毒素水平无下降,牙龈指数、龈沟液量与修复后1月相比有所下降但无统计学意义。结论:只要按要求制作,A、B组龈边缘形式的修复均具有良好的效果,修复效果明显优于C组。     

种植体周围龈沟液中酶水平的研究

目的 初步探讨种植体修复后第１年内龈沟液（ｇｉｎｇｉｖａｌ ｃｒｅｖｉｃｕｌａｒ ｆｌｕｉｄ,ＧＣＦ）量及其中的天冬氨酸转氨酸（ａｓｐａｒｔａｔｅ ａｍｉｎｏｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ,ＡＳＴ）和碱性磷酸酶（ａｌｋａｌｉｎｅ ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ,ＡＬＰ）水平的变化,及其与种植体周围为症及骨丧失的关系。方法 以基台连接术后１～１．５个月为基线,修复后３、６、１２个月时分别对１２例患者２６个Ｂｒａｎｅ     

龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氮酶和碱性磷酸酶水平相关性的研究

目的：观察成人牙周炎龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平的相关性,并探讨两种酶在牙周炎活动性诊断中的意义。方法：利用全自动生化分析仪检测60例成人牙周炎患者共72个位点、15例健康对照15个位点龈沟液中AST、ALP水平,并进行分析,结果：成人牙周炎患者龈沟注保AST、ALP两种酶之间有一定的相关性,二者均与探诊深度,附着丧失,牙龈指数呈正相关关系,其中总量与临床指标相关性更高。结论：龈沟液中AST、ALP浓度和总量（特别是总量）均反映牙周炎的严惩程度,可用于牙周炎活动性的监测。     

龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶水平相关性的研究

目的　观察成人牙周炎龈沟液中天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)和碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)水平的相关性 ,并探讨两种酶在牙周炎活动性诊断中的意义。方法　利用全自动生化分析仪检测 6 0例成人牙周炎患者共 72个位点、15例健康对照 15个位点龈沟液中AST、ALP水平 ,并进行分析。结果　成人牙周炎患者龈沟液中AST、ALP两种酶之间具有一定的相关性 ,二者均与探诊深度、附着丧失、牙龈指数呈正相关关系 ,其中总量与临床指标相关性更高。结论　龈沟液中AST、ALP浓度和总量 (特别是总量 )均反映牙周炎的严重程度 ,可用于牙周炎活动性的监测。     

固定矫治器对牙龈状况与龈沟液中内毒素含量影响的研究

目的：探讨固定矫治对牙龈状况的影响和有效控制牙龈炎症的方法。方法：将临床就诊采用固定矫治器进行治疗的患者作研究对象，临床就诊的100例患者，分别于矫治前，矫治后1、3、6个月，矫治结束前，结束后3个月的牙龈炎症指数，龈沟液细菌内毒素进行测试比较，统计学处理。结果：1)牙龈炎症指数：固定矫治器戴于后1个月牙龈指数最高，3个月后趋于稳定，此时牙龈炎症指数接近正常，6个月后至矫治结束时基本无明显变化，矫治结束后3个月牙龈组织恢复完全正常；2)细菌内毒素：细菌内毒素含量与牙龈炎症指数呈正相关关系。结论：1)固定矫治器对牙龈组织的健康有一定的影响，但患者只要掌握正确的刷牙方法，养成良好的口腔卫生习惯，就可以是牙龈组织的炎症得到有效控制。2)固定矫治过程中的牙龈炎性反应同细菌内毒素含量有非常密切的正相关关系，而细菌内毒素是G^-菌的裂解产物，故对于固定矫治过程中出现的牙龈炎症，可以应用对G^-菌有效的抗菌素进行有效控制。     

钴铬合金烤瓷冠修复后龈沟液AST和ALP水平变化的研究

目的检测钻铬合金烤瓷冠修复后龈沟液天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平变化,探讨钴铬合金烤瓷冠修复对患牙牙周组织的影响。方法选择钴铬合金烤瓷冠修复上颌前磨牙病例18例（共23个烤瓷冠）,分别在修复前和修复后6个月进行临床检查,测定龈沟液的量,并对龈沟液内天冬氨酸转氨酶及碱性磷酸酶进行分析。结果钴铬合金烤瓷冠修复后,患牙的菌斑指数无明显改变,但探诊深度,龈沟出血指数、天冬氨酸转氨酶及碱性磷酸酶水平均比修复前明显升高。结论钴铬合金烤瓷冠修复对患牙牙周组织有一定不良影响。     

三种排龈方法对龈沟液含量及成分的影响

目的：通过对3种临床常用排龈方法排龈后龈沟液及其成分的研究,筛选对牙周组织损伤最小的排龈方法,为临床工作提供实验依据。方法：对10名受试者随机化分组,每名受试者口内3个第二前磨牙分别采用Ultrapak不含药排龈线、Ultrapak盐酸肾上腺素排龈线、Expasyl排龈膏进行排龈,于排龈前、排龈后30min、1d、3d、7d、14d、28d提取受试牙位龈沟液,称重并检测其中天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性水平。结果：以时间作为整体因素考虑,3种排龈方法没有统计学差异。龈沟液量的变化：不含药排龈线在排龈后1d、3d龈沟液的量明显高于排龈前,含药排龈线在排龈后30min、1d、3d、7d明显高于排龈前,两组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;排龈膏在排龈后1d、3d、7d龈沟液的量明显高于排龈前,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。AST含量变化：不含药排龈线和含药排龈线组在排龈后1d、3d、7d明显高于排龈前,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,排龈膏组仅在3d时与排龈前有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。ALP含量的变化：含药排龈线仅在排龈后3d时与排龈前有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,而不含药排龈线和排龈膏在各个时相均与排龈前无统计学差异。结论：三种排龈方法对牙周组织都存在一定损伤,排龈线对牙周组织造成的急性损伤最重但恢复较快,排龈膏损伤较小但恢复也较慢。     

妊娠期牙龈炎患者龈沟液中天门冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的含量变化

目的：比较妊娠期牙龈炎患者和正常妊娠妇女龈沟液中天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平的变化,探讨AST和ALP在妊娠期牙龈炎中的作用。方法：采集30例妊娠期牙龈炎患者和30例正常妊娠妇女龈沟液,处理后采用全自动生化分析仪分析AST和ALP含量,并做统计学分析。结果：妊娠期牙龈炎患者龈沟液中AST和ALP含量均显著高于正常妊娠妇女龈沟液中的含量,有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论：在妊娠期牙龈炎的发生发展过程中,AST和ALP发挥了重要的致炎作用,AST、ALP可以作为提示炎症活跃的信号分子。     

Osteopontin in gingival crevicular fluid

Osteopontin (OPN) is a major glycosylated phosphoprotein in bone matrix and is produced by several cells including osteoblasts, osteoclasts and macrophages. OPN levels increase in active sites of bone metabolism. Recently, several bone-related proteins were identified in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to seek markers of alveolar bone resorption in periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the existence of OPN in GCF and the correlation between OPN level in GCF and probing depth (PD) of sampling sites in 98 periodontitis patients and 35 healthy subjects. An immunoblotting analysis using 10% polyacrylamide gel showed that two forms of OPN with molecular masses of 54 and 66 kDa and several degraded fragments were detected in most GCF samples from diseased sites (PD > 4 mm). In GCF samples from healthy sites (PD < or = 3 mm), only one form (54 kDa) was observed, but any degraded fragments were not detected. When OPN amounts in GCF samples were determined by ELISA, a weak. but significant correlation was observed between OPN amount in GCF and PD (r=0.32, p=0.0013). These results demonstrate that OPN exists in GCF and that OPN level in GCF increases with the progression of periodontal disease.     

A comparison of 4 methods of data presentation for lysosomal enzyme activity in gingival crevicular fluid

In previous studies, we have emphasized the importance of considering the methods used for analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This study evaluated 4 different approaches for data presentation of lysosomal enzyme activity in GCF. GCF was collected from patients displaying at least 2 mm of clinical attachment loss at a minimum of 3 sites in the mouth (DA), and patients who did not display clinical attachment loss of 2 mm or more at any site in the mouth (DI), during a 3-month interval following entry into a longitudinal trial. GCF was collected by the timed intrasulcular placement of precut filter paper strips. 16 to 28 individual GCF samples were collected from each patient. The lysosomal enzymes studied were B-glucuronidase (BG) and arylsulfatase. The mean values for the DA and DI groups at baseline and 3 months are reported. The results indicate that when the data is expressed as total enzyme activity (unit activity) per 30-s collection (UA) or UA x GCF volume (microliter) per mm of probing depth, the DA group demonstrated significantly greater mean values than the DI group at baseline and 3 months. In contrast, when the data was expressed as concentration (UA/microliter), or UA per mm of probing depth, differences between the DA and DI groups were observed only at the 3-month evaluation. The difficulty in using concentration when reporting GCF lysosomal enzyme activity is emphsized by comparison of the data from the DA group and the high and low enzyme activity subsets of the DI group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

全瓷冠修复对高血糖患者龈沟液成分影响的分析

目的：探讨高血糖对全瓷冠固定修复后龈沟液成分的影响。方法：选取近两年在我院口腔修复科就诊的40-50岁,需进行全瓷单冠修复的患者80例为受试对象,其中男性40例,女性40例,常规牙周洁治后采用全瓷单冠修复,分别在修复前以及修复后2个月检测基牙龈沟液的分泌量以及碱性磷酸酶,白细胞介素1β和肿瘤坏死因子α水平。结果：正常血糖患者全瓷修复后2个月基牙龈沟液分泌量,碱性磷酸酶,白细胞介素1和肿瘤坏死因子α水平均无明显升高。高糖组修复后2个月基牙龈沟液分泌量,白细胞介素1和肿瘤坏死因子α显著高于修复前,但碱性磷酸酶水平与修复前比较差异无统计学意义。结论：高糖环境可使全瓷冠修复后患者龈沟液分泌量增加,相关炎性因子表达增高。     

微种植体支抗压低伸长磨牙对患者龈沟液中AST及ALP活性水平的影响

目的:探讨应用种植体支抗压低磨牙,对龈沟液(GCF)内天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性水平的影响.方法:纳入我院口腔正畸科就诊的需要压低伸长磨牙26颗(患者26例)分成2组:一组采用德国非凡公司的mandica微螺钉(13例),另一组采用中国陕西中邦微螺钉(13例).压低力值为1.47 ～1.96 N.压入量为3～5 mm.每名患者一侧第一或第二磨牙为压低组,以对侧同名牙为对照组,以对颌同名牙为空白对照组.分别收集全部样本在加力前、加力后24 h、48 h、7d、14 d和28 d、3月、6月时磨牙近远中龈沟内GCF,用全自动生化分析仪测定GCF中ALP和AST的水平,应用方差分析对数据进行统计学处理.结果:不同阶段时龈沟液内ALP的水平相比治疗前明显升高,28 d时达到高峰,3、6个月后也有所增加,但是与28 d无统计差别.龈沟液内AST的水平相比治疗前明显升高,3个月达到高峰.各时间段两组种植钉间龈沟液中AST及ALP活性水平改变无明显差异.结论:压低磨牙可引起受力牙龈沟液AST、ALP水平改变.     

Smoking cessation increases gingival blood flow and gingival crevicular fluid

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of smoking cessation on gingival blood flow (GBF) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen male smokers (aged 22-39 (25.3+/-4.0) years), with no clinical signs of periodontal and systemic diseases, were recruited. The experiment was performed before (baseline) and at 1, 3 and 5 days, and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after smoking cessation. The status of smoking and smoking cessation was verified by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, and by serum nicotine and cotinine concentrations. A laser Doppler flowmeter was used to record relative blood flow continuously, on three gingival sites of the left maxillary central incisor (mid-labial aspect of the gingival margin and bilateral interdental papillae). The GCF was collected at the mesio- and disto-labial aspects of the left maxillary central incisor and the volume was calculated by the Periotron 6000(R) system. The same measurements except for the GBF were performed on 11 non-smoking controls (four females and seven males), aged 23-27 (24.4+/-1.2) years. RESULTS: Eleven of 16 smokers successfully completed smoking cessation for 8 weeks. At 1 day after smoking cessation, there was a significantly lower CO concentration than at baseline (p<0.01). Also, nicotine and cotinine concentrations markedly decreased at the second measurement. The GBF rate of smokers was significantly higher at 3 days after smoking cessation compared to the baseline (p<0.01). While the GCF volume was significantly increased at 5 days after smoking cessation compared to the baseline (p<0.01), it was significantly lower than that of non-smokers until 2 weeks after smoking cessation (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The results show that the gingival microcirculation recovers to normal in the early stages of smoking cessation, which could activate the gingival tissues metabolism/remodeling, and contribute to periodontal health.