Wideband microstrip antennas with sandwich substrate

A broadband microstrip antenna with low?high?low (sandwich) dielectric constant substrate combination using a microstrip line-via feed is presented for ultra-wideband applications. The proposed antenna consists of three dielectric substrates; low dielectric constant substrates that contain the microstrip feed line as well as parasitic patches and a high dielectric constant substrate that contains the driven patch. To achieve a large impedance bandwidth, parasitic patches and microstrip line-via combination feed to the driven patch in the multilayered microstrip antenna are used. The proposed antenna designed, fabricated and measured on the sandwich substrate. The antenna has measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 46.9% and directive gain .5.2 dBi at boresight across the impedance bandwidth. The total height of antenna is 5.77 mm or 0.077λ ^{at 4 GHz.}     

Dual layer stacked rectangular microstrip patch antenna for ultra wideband applications

An antenna consisting of a U-slotted rectangular microstrip patch stacked with another patch of a different size on a separate layer is presented and its performance results are investigated. An equivalent circuit model of this stacked patch design structure is also presented based on an extended cavity model to predict the input impedance. The theoretical input impedance is evaluated from this circuit model and the experimental results support the validity of the model. In this case, stacking with a simple patch adds another resonance to the antenna thus providing a wider bandwidth. The dimension of the top patch is optimised to achieve ultra wide bandwidth. A maximum impedance bandwidth of 56.8% is achieved using this structure, and the return loss |S₁₁|of the antenna is less than -10 dB between 3.06 and 5.49 GHz and the radiation patterns are found to be relatively constant throughout the band. A coaxial feed with Gaussian modulated pulse is used for this antenna.     

Multipatches multilayered UWB microstrip antennas

The authors present multipatches multilayered ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antennas. The antenna comprises a driven patch radiator with five parasitic patch radiators. Two antennas with different dielectric substrate combinations are studied. The antenna with low-high-low dielectric constant substrate combination (Antenna no. 1) has an improved performance in terms of impedance bandwidth, gain, overall antenna size and beam-squinting over the antenna with low-low-low dielectric constant substrate combination (Antenna no. 2). The low-high-low dielectric constant combination consisting of three dielectric substrates, namely low dielectric constant (ϵr = 3.38) for both bottom and upper substrate but, high dielectric constant (ϵr = 6.15) for middle substrate. Five parasitic patches and multi-dielectric layers are used for wide impedance bandwidth and less boresight gain variation with frequency. A measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 48% with boresight gain .5.0 dBi is achieved. Antenna no. 1 can have 8% wider impedance bandwidth, 40% overall area reduction and less beam-squinting compared with Antenna no. 2.     

Compact active integrated microstrip antennas with circular polarisation diversity

A compact active integrated microstrip antenna with circular polarisation (CP) diversity for a global positioning system (GPS) receiver is presented. As a radiator, a diamond-shaped micro- strip ring patch with four embedded slots has been newly proposed to realise wide impedance bandwidth, compact size and dual CP. The active circuitry, consisting of both switching circuits and a small signal amplifier, is placed at the square opening inside the radiator. Thus, all electrical parts are mounted on the top layer of the circuit board. CP diversity is achieved by the switching circuit, and its output signal is amplified. The proposed antenna has been simulated and fabricated on the FR-4 PCB board. The size of the fabricated active antenna, including the radiator and active circuitry, is only about 57% of a conventional square-microstrip antenna with a side of half wavelength. From the measured radiation patterns and CP bandwidth for either polarisation selection, it is proven that this antenna has successfully performed the polarisation diversity. In addition, the measured minimum antenna gain of 12 dBi is estimated to be good enough to improve the GPS receiver performance.     

Segmentation analysis of loaded microstrip antenna

Abstract

A microstrip antenna for dual‐frequency operation has been investigated. The frequency can be controlled by placing PIN diodes at appropriate locations in the patch. The cavity model and segmentation method are used to analyze the operation frequency, input impedance, and radiation pattern. Finally, experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions.     

Circularly polarised proximity-fed microstrip antenna with polarisation switching ability

The authors propose a design of a circularly polarised proximity-fed microstrip antenna having polarisation switching ability. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, consisting of a truncated-corners square patch in the same plane with a microstrip feed line extended beyond the patch edge, pin diode and a pad connected to a ground by a conducting post. The diode, which is inserted between the end of the feed line and a pad, is used to control feed line termination. By turning the diode on or off, this antenna can radiate either right hand or left hand circular polarisation. Furthermore, we present a technique to improve the input characteristics of the antenna. It involves two diode-controlled tuning stubs connected in shunt with the feed line. Finally, a discussion on how the diode characteristics affect the structure and results of the antenna is given. All analyses are carried out using finite-difference time-domain technique and confirmed by measurements in the 5 GHz band. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results was obtained     

Size reduction and bandwidth enhancement of snowflake fractal antenna

A new small-size and wideband fractal antenna in the shape of a snowflake is proposed. Various iterations of this fractal antenna with probe feed and capacitively coupled feed are compared and an optimised design is presented. It is shown that, with an air-filled substrate and capacitive feed, an impedance bandwidth >49% and, with a slot-loading technique, a reduction of about 70% in patch surface size compared with an ordinary wideband Koch fractal antenna are achievable. The simulation via a finite-element programme, and measured results on the return loss and the E and H-plane radiation patterns of the proposed antennas are presented and shown to be in good agreement.     

Compact dual-band tunable microstrip antenna for GSM/DCS-1800 applications

A compact single feed dual-band electronically tunable microstrip antenna for operation in GSM/DCS-1800 system is presented. The antenna consists of two resonant elements designed separately and integrated while preserving their designed bands. The two bands are separately tuned using two biasing control circuits. A significant size reduction and bandwidth selection are achieved using a varactor diode as a voltage control capacitance. The design and implementation is carried out on a foam substrate of thickness 2.44 mm and with a dielectric constant 1.2. Simulation and experimental results show that the required bandwidth of the GSM/DCS-1800 system can be easily covered with voltage changes from 1 to 3 V, which is suitable for mobile hand phones.     

Application of dual-mode filter techniques to the broadband matching of microstrip patch antennas

Structures such as square or circular microstrip patch antennas may support two orthogonal resonant modes. The paper presents a new method of utilising the dual-mode property to increase the bandwidth of microstrip antennas. The input impedance of such a dual-mode antenna may be represented as a second-order ladder network of coupled resonators, where each resonator is coupled to a load resistor. A theoretical method for evaluating the coupling values in the network is presented, enabling the bandwidth of a dual-mode antenna to be maximised. A theoretical bandwidth improvement of up to 3:1 is achieved when compared to a single-mode antenna. This is confirmed with an experimental dual-mode circular microstrip patch antenna     

Aperture-coupled asymmetrical c-shaped slot microstrip antenna for circular polarisation

A novel aperture-coupled, asymmetrical C-shaped slot, square microstrip antenna is proposed for circular polarisation (CP). A narrow and asymmetrical C-shaped slot, microstrip antenna is fed at the centre using an aperture coupling to obtain a CP operation. The compactness of the antenna is easily obtained by inserting a C-shaped slot. Wide CP radiation is achieved simply by making the C-shaped slot asymmetrical. With this antenna, the measured 3 dB AR bandwidth is around 3.3% and the 10 dB return loss bandwidth achieved is 16.0%. The overall antenna size is 0.48λo x 0.48λo x 0.092λo at 2.4 GHz. The proposed slot microstrip patch technology is useful to design compact, broadband, circularly polarised antennas and arrays.     

多应用环境下超高频RFID标签天线设计

 金属等环境介质对射频信号的干扰影响着无源UHF RFID系统性能在应用中的充分发挥.利用三维结构的微带天线模型将贴片天线在电气上与金属表面分离以构成与底面无关的RFID标签,但因此而加大了RFID标签结构的复杂性,造成RFID标签生产成本的增加.通过改变微带天线的馈电形式,将传统非平衡单馈电结构的微带天线改进成平衡双馈电结构,三维的微带天线也简化成平板结构,减小了RFID标签体积.该天线模型不但可以降低RFID标签制造工艺难度,也为RFID标签在不同应用环境中提供了兼容性.     

Quintuple Band Antenna for Wireless Applications with Small Form Factor

A coplanar waveguide-fed quintuple band antenna with a slotted circular-shaped radiator for wireless applications with a high isolation between adjacent bands is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna resonates at multiple frequencies with corresponding center frequencies of 2.35, 4.92, 5.75, 6.52, and 8.46 GHz. The intended functionality is achieved by introducing a circular disc radiator with five slots and a U-shaped slot in the feed. The proposed antenna exhibits coverage of the maximum set of wireless applications, such as satellite communication, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, wireless local area network (WLAN), long-distance radio telecommunications, and X-band/Satcom wireless applications. The simulation and measurement results of the proposed fabricated antenna demonstrate the high isolation between adjacent bands. A stable realized gain with an advantageous radiation pattern is achieved at the operating frequency bands. The proposed simple design, compact structure, and simple feeding technique make this antenna suitable for integration in several wireless communication applications, where the portability of devices is a significant concern. The proposed antenna is anticipated to be an appropriate candidate for WLAN, long-term evolution, and fifth-generation mobile communication because of its multi-operational bands and compact size for handheld devices.     

Design of circular polarisation microstrip patch antennas with complementary split ring resonator

A novel design of circular polarisation microstrip patch antennas based on the complementary split ring resonator is numerically evaluated and experimentally verified. The non-resonant property of complementary split ring resonator is used as an asymmetric perturbation to excite the square microstrip patch antenna for circular polarisation radiation. The detailed parameters of the complementary split ring resonator on the circular polarisation radiation are studied.     

Short backfire antenna with microstrip Clavin feed

A single short backfire antenna has an enclosed structure with no sharp projections and approximately 15 dBi gain, making it attractive for handheld radio monitoring and other man-portable applications. However, a microstrip patch fed short backfire antenna had a broad E-plane radiation pattern main lobe, leading to a loss of gain and low aperture efficiency. The antenna was studied using a commercially available Method of Moments software. Adding eight parasitic wires inside the cavity of a short backfire was found to narrow the E-plane radiation pattern main lobe, making it more like the H-plane radiation pattern and increasing the peak gain by 1.5 dB. A single proof of concept antenna was built at 1.49 GHz, which had a bandwidth of 2.3%, aperture efficiency of 78% and was shown to have equalised principal plane main lobes.     

Design of fractal patch antenna for size and radar cross-section reduction

This research study presents a novel design of star-shaped fractal patch antenna for miniaturisation and backscattering radar cross-section (RCS) reduction. The proposed fractal antenna gives 50% size reduction compared with a conventional circular microstrip patch (CCMP) antenna. The antenna is studied experimentally for return loss behaviour using vector network analyser R&S ZVA40. It can be useful for wireless application in 0.85-4 GHz frequency band. Further, the study focuses on backscattering RCS (both monostatic and bistatic) reduction by the proposed antenna compared with the CCMP antenna. It is found that increase in number of fractal iterations included in the conventional patch to design fractal antenna geometry reduces backscattering RCS at multiband compared to the conventional patch antenna. This reduction in backscattering RCS by the antenna is observed at multiband. The antenna can be tuned for low backscattering by variation in the substrate dielectric constant and thickness and the superstrate dielectric constant and thickness. For maximum RCS reduction by the antenna, optimisation of substrate thickness becomes necessary. The study also deals with effect of frequency and aspect angle variation on backscattering RCS reduction.     

基于LTCC宽频带双频差分天线的研究与设计

提出了一种新型宽频带双频差分天线.该天线基于低温共烧陶瓷(Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramies,简称LTCC)技术,采用矩形环状贴片,并使用两条叉形微带馈线进行差分馈电,是一种具有平衡结构的宽缝隙天线,该结构使得天线拥有很宽的频带宽度.天线两频段的中心频率为2.63 GHz和5.13 GH...     

Frequency domain analysis of microstrip filters and antennae using an adaptive frequency sampling moment method

In this paper, an adaptive frequency sampling technique is applied to the moment method for the analysis of microstrip filters and patch antennae. The analysis of microstrip low-pass filter and patch antenna in the frequency domain has been usually done with uniform frequency step. An adaptive frequency sampling technique can significantly reduce the time taken for the analysis through the frequency range without reducing the accuracy of the results.     

A new eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending plate finite element

A new eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending Reissner–Mindlin plate finite element for the very thin and thick plates without locking and spurious zero-energy modes is presented. The element has very good convergence characteristics both for thin and thick plates, is hardly insensitive to mesh distortions, and passes the patch tests. The formulation of the element is derived from a displacement variational principle and some general criteria to compute inconsistent transverse shear strains. These criteria have been applied with success to four- and eight-node quadrilateral plate finite elements and could be applied to construct triangular elements. The eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending plate finite element proposed has been found to be very efficient.     

Complementary split ring resonator metamaterial to achieve multifrequency operation in microstrip-based radiating structure design

Following recent findings on metamaterials, a miniaturized microstrip patch antenna loaded with a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) was investigated for multiband operation. The proposed structure has a CSRR loaded in the base of the antenna to improve its performance and to make it a metamaterial. Metamaterials exhibit qualitatively new electromagnetic response functions that cannot be found in nature. The CSRR-loaded base allows simultaneous operation over several frequencies. Here, a total of seven bands were achieved by loading the patch antenna with the CSRR. The seven bands were centered around frequencies of 4.33 GHz, 5.29 GHz, 6.256 GHz, 7.066 GHz, 7.846 GHz, 8.86 GHz, and 9.75 GHz. Design results were obtained by using a high-frequency structure simulator that is used for simulating microwave passive components.     

Solution‐Processed Ti3C2Tx MXene Antennas for Radio‐Frequency Communication

Highly integrated, flexible, and ultrathin wireless communication components are in significant demand due to the explosive growth of portable and wearable electronic devices in the fifth‐generation (5G) network era, but only conventional metals meet the requirements for emerging radio‐frequency (RF) devices so far. Here, it is reported on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene microstrip transmission lines with low‐energy attenuation and patch antennas with high‐power radiation at frequencies from 5.6 to 16.4 GHz. The radiation efficiency of a 5.5 µm thick MXene patch antenna manufactured by spray‐coating from aqueous solution reaches 99% at 16.4 GHz, which is about the same as that of a standard 35 µm thick copper patch antenna at about 15% of its thickness and 7% of the copper weight. MXene outperforms all other materials evaluated for patch antennas to date. Moreover, it is demonstrated that an MXene patch antenna array with integrated feeding circuits on a conformal surface has comparable performance with that of a copper antenna array at 28 GHz, which is a target frequency in practical 5G applications. The versatility of MXene antennas in wide frequency ranges coupled with the flexibility, scalability, and ease of solution processing makes MXene promising for integrated RF components in various flexible electronic devices.