FPSO串靠外输作业水动力耦合响应分析

FPSO与穿梭油轮串靠外输作业时两船体之间的相互作用较为复杂,基于多体水动力学方法对两浮体的运动响应进行分析.应用水动力学软件ANSYS-AQWA建立耦合响应分析模型,计算单点系泊FPSO与穿梭油轮之间的水动力影响.通过时域分析得到不同风浪流组合工况下系泊锚链与浮体之间系泊大缆的张力变化曲线,分析张力及大缆的变化特性,为串靠外输作业提供参考依据.     

Integrated numerical analysis of an iceberg collision with a foreship structure

This paper presents results of integrated elasto-plastic analyses of ship-iceberg collisions based on continuum mechanics modelling of both bodies. The collision simulation was simplified by splitting the problem into external and internal mechanics, which are both discussed in detail. A simplified formulation was used to obtain the demand for energy dissipation in a ship-iceberg collision. The internal mechanics was assessed by means of the explicit non-linear code LS-DYNA 971. A new iceberg material model was used to simulate the iceberg behaviour during the impact. The foreship structure was modelled by shell elements. Rupture due to excessive straining was taken into account by a widely used steel fracture model. The relative strength of the ship and iceberg was varied by adjusting the stress-strain properties of the steel. Two iceberg shapes were investigated: a half-sphere with a radius of 2000 mm and another half-sphere with a radius of 1000 mm. The point of impact of the iceberg was assumed to be either the web frame or midway between web frames. The evolution of contact pressure and the distribution of damage to the foreship and crushing of the iceberg were studied comprehensively.     

液舱晃荡与FPSO波浪运动相互耦合时域分析

浮式生产储油轮（FPSO）长期在外海作业,其液舱晃荡现象始终存在。文中对船体外流场采用非线性势流理论,对液舱内流场采用线性势流理论,应用脉冲响应函数法,基于法国船级社（BV）的综合性水动力分析软件HOMER,计算了FPSO在考虑液舱晃荡作用下的时域运动响应,并对晃荡压强进行对比分析。结果表明：液舱晃荡对FPSO运动具有一定的影响,且该影响在迎浪船舷的运动上更为明显,同时迎浪船舷液舱晃荡产生的压强也更大。     

FPSO模块支墩结构形式与设计原则

依据不同的功能要求,浮式生产卸货装置(FPSO)的主甲板上设置多个工艺模块平台,每一个模块架构平台与FPSO主船体的连接结构——模块支墩,是FPSO结构设计的关键技术,其可靠性和实用性将直接影响FPSO生产流程的正常运转。结合近20多年来对FPSO的设计经验,提出了模块支墩设计的不同理念及结构设计特点,并对多型FPSO的模块支墩分析对比其形式特点、适用性及优缺点,同时从工程设计经验角度,阐述了模块支墩的结构设计原则和结构强度的分析计算及算例。所提供的设计原则及相应的经验可供相关设计人员借鉴。     

考虑腐蚀损伤的FPSO船体结构强度LC演变特性

在建立全船有限元模型的基础上,基于腐蚀模型完成各服役年限模型的更新,并使用自主开发的软件,依据规范,对浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)船体结构进行屈服强度与屈曲强度的直接计算。结果表明,在生命周期(Life Cycle,LC)内各年限船体结构强度计算结果均满足规范值。受腐蚀损伤影响,FPSO船体结构的屈服利用因子与屈曲利用因子逐渐增加;随服役时间增加,二者增长趋势逐渐加快。研究结果对FPSO的设计、维护与延寿具有一定的参考价值。     

Strain prediction for critical positions of FPSO under different loading of stored oil using GAIFOA-BP neural network

FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading) units are widely used in the offshore oil and gas industry. Generally, FPSOs have excellent oil storage capacity owing to their huge oil cargo holds. The volume and distribution of stored oil in the cargo holds influence the strain level of hull girder, especially at critical positions of FPSO. However, strain prediction using structural analysis tools is computationally expensive and time consuming. In this study, a prediction tool based on back-propagation (BP) neural network called GAIFOA-BP is proposed to predict the strain values of concerned positions of an FPSO model under different oil storage conditions. The GAIFOA-BP combines BP model and GAIFOA which is a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA). Results from three benchmark tests show that the GAIFOA-BP model has a remarkable performance. Subsequently, a total of 81 sets of training data and 25 sets of testing data are obtained from experiment using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors installed on the surface of an FPSO model. The numerical results show that the GAIFOA-BP is capable of predicting the strain values with higher accuracy as compared with other BP models. Finally, the reserved GAIFOA-BP model is utilized to predict the strain values under the inputs of a 10-day time series of volume and distribution of stored oil. The predicted strain results are further used to calculate the fatigue consumption of measurement points.     

两船碰撞数值模拟的参数影响分析（英文）

In the present analysis, several parameters used in a numerical simulation are investigated in an integrated study to obtain their influence on the process and results of this simulation. The parameters studied are element formulation, friction coefficient, and material model. Numerical simulations using the non-linear finite element method are conducted to produce virtual experimental data for several collision scenarios. Pattern and size damages caused by collision in a real accident case are assumed as real experimental data, and these are used to validate the method. The element model study performed indicates that the Belytschko-Tsay element formulation should be recommended for use in virtual experiments. It is recommended that the real value of the friction coefficient for materials involved is applied in simulations. For the study of the material model, the application of materials with high yield strength is recommended for use in the side hull structure.     

Study on collision between two ships using selected parameters in collision simulation

In the present analysis, several parameters used in a numerical simulation are investigated in an integrated study to obtain their influence on the process and results of this simulation. The parameters studied are element formulation, friction coefficient, and material model. Numerical simulations using the non-linear finite element method are conducted to produce virtual experimental data for several collision scenarios. Pattern and size damages caused by collision in a real accident case are assumed as real experimental data, and these are used to validate the method. The element model study performed indicates that the Belytschko-Tsay element formulation should be recommended for use in virtual experiments. It is recommended that the real value of the friction coefficient for materials involved is applied in simulations. For the study of the material model, the application of materials with high yield strength is recommended for use in the side hull structure.     

FPSO外输系统动力响应及风险分析

采用水动力分析软件AQWA对由软钢臂式单点系泊FPSO和油轮组成的串靠外输系统的动力响应和安全性进行研究。基于多体方法,建立串靠外输系统的有限元模型,计算4种拖轮拉力和24种作业海况下外输系统的连接大缆张力、两浮体相对艏向角及间距的时间历程,并分析波高、流速、风速、风浪流夹角、连接大缆长度等因素对系统动力响应的影响及动力响应特性。此外,还开展了串靠外输系统的风险分析,计算不同海况下连接大缆失效、船体碰撞和过分相对艏向运动的发生概率。研究结果对串靠外输系统的设计和外输作业具有一定的指导意义。     

超大型FPSO原油质量分布模拟与水弹性响应研究

FPSO在近海油气田开发中得到了越来越广泛的应用.大多数在渤海海域服役的FPSO工作在浅水海域.主尺度大与水深吃水小,直接导致FPSO水动力特性与深水条件下船舶的水动力特性有较大区别,因此采用水弹性理论研究超大型FPSO在浅水中的运动与波浪诱导载荷响应具有重要意义.浅水超大型FPSO满载时原油重量将近占载重量的80%,因此如何正确模拟原油重量分布对干结构的固有频率、广义质量和振型的计算非常重要.本文建立了基于三维水弹性理论的数值模型,开发了有限水深复合格林函数的数值计算程序模块,对一艘300K DWT FPSO在特定水深海况下的运动与波浪载荷响应进行了研究;同时采用三种方法模拟了原油质量分布.计算结果表明,不同的原油质量分布模拟方法对水弹性计算分析影响很大.     

FPSO锚泊系统动力响应影响因数分析

基于三维势流理论,建立了FPSO与锚泊系统时域耦合分析方法。在时域内对设计好的锚泊系统进行动态分析,并验证了锚泊系统设计的安全性。然后对比研究了系泊线夹角、预张力、转塔位置、拖曳力系数等重要参数对FPSO锚泊系统动力响应的影响,并讨论了悬链线式和张紧式两种系泊方式的区别。总结出了这些参数的影响规律,为锚泊系统动力响应的优化提供了参考意见。     

船舶与桥墩碰撞的数值模拟

利用有限元软件,模拟4种不同载重吨位的船舶以不同的速度与某桥墩发生碰撞的过程,演示有限元法仿真计算船桥碰撞问题的一般过程,着重分析船舶和桥墩的损伤程度.在此基础上,归纳出撞深速度、撞击时间-速度和桥墩的应力分布.     

FPSO全生命周期风险管理

简述了FPSO风险管理的目的和意义，结合FPSO风险特点和FPSO管理经验，采用风险分析方法指出FPSO全生命周期面临的安全风险；针对FPSO全生命周期内的设计、建造、生产、废弃等不同阶段的不同风险探索相应的风险管理方法和控制措施，旨在有效降低FPSO全生命周期内的健康安全环保风险。     

冰区加强LNG船舷侧抗撞性能仿真研究

航行于北冰洋海域的LNG船必须具备抵抗冰山撞击的能力。针对LNG船纵骨架式和横骨架式冰区结构加强方案,开展比较分析,评价LNG船舷侧抵抗冰山撞击的能力。根据CCS规范对LNG船舷侧分别进行纵骨架式与横骨架式冰区加强设计。利用有限元数值仿真技术和LS_DYNA软件,模拟冰山撞击LNG船舷侧场景,得到船体结构变形、碰撞力和能量吸收等结果。研究发现：横骨架式在相邻强横肋位之间结构较弱,纵骨架式表现出更好的抗冰撞击性能;冰带加强骨材在抵抗冰载荷过程中发挥重要作用;在提高抗冰撞击性能的前提下,纵骨架式加强方案拥有更佳的经济效益。     

基于驾驶实践的无人船智能避碰决策方法

[目的]为实现沿海无人驾驶船舶自主航行,充分考虑无人驾驶船舶智能避碰决策的合理性和实时性后,提出并建立一种基于驾驶实践的无人船智能避碰决策方法.[方法]首先,以本体论为基础,设计无人驾驶船舶航行态势本体概念模型,并结合《国际海上避碰规则》及良好的船艺将船舶航行态势量化划分为12种会遇场景;然后,从驾驶实践的角度改进影响...     

环境烈度因子在FPSO船体梁强度评估中的应用

由于作业方式不同,用于计算FPSO与不限定航线条件下船舶设计载荷的规范计算公式不一样,如何将现有的关于普通海船的规范用于FPSO的设计评估是FPSO研究中的关键问题.基于现有常规钢质海船规范,文章采用环境烈度因子(ESF)对用于计算运营于无限航区船舶设计载荷的规范公式进行修正,将修正后的公式作为FPSO设计载荷的计算公式.利用所得FPSO载荷计算公式计算某30万吨FPSO设计载荷,并采用薄壁梁理论对船体梁强度进行校核.将校核结果与未经ESF修正的船体梁校核结果进行比较,发现未经ESF修正的船体梁校核结果明显偏大.同时,采用薄壁梁理论进行船体梁剪切强度评估,可以避免建立全船有限元模型.     

基于钢-泡沫夹层结构的船与冰碰撞性能分析

运用非线性有限元基本理论,采用大型动态计算软件MSC.Dytran,建立了基于钢-泡沫夹层结构的船舶首部以及冰体的三维有限元计算模型,分析了碰撞力的大小、船首及内部结构的损伤变形和能量吸收等特性。为研究大型运输船舶船首结构与冰之间碰撞性能奠定基础。通过使用钢-泡沫夹层结构替换舷侧外板,在有效行程内降低了碰撞力和增加总体的能量吸收,提高了整体的碰撞性能。     

内转塔式单点系泊系统敏感性研究

本文以我国南海某条FPSO的内转塔式单点系泊系统为例,研究内转塔式单点系泊的不同参数对于FPSO的运动和系泊张力的影响,确定单点系泊系统不同参数的敏感性.本文从系泊系统材料、系泊系统重量以及系泊缆预张力3个方面考虑其对系泊系统受力及FPSO的运动等设计参数进行敏感性分析.通过分析确定了FPSO的运动和单点系泊系统的动力响应对于系泊系统不同参数的敏感程度.     

FPSO的聚类分析管理

通过对目前在渤海和南海相关海域作业的10艘具有代表性的FPSO的船型、油气处理功能、系泊系统三个重要组成部分的17个参数进行聚类对比分析计算,将10艘FPSO聚类为四大类：海洋石油101、海洋石油102、海洋石油105一类;海洋石油109、海洋石油112、海洋石油113二类;海洋石油111、海洋石油115和海洋石油116三类;海洋石油104四类。从而为同类中不同FPSO个体的维护、管理提供参照。     

风浪流成长全过程单点系泊FPS O运动低频响应极值研究

为了探求风浪流成长全过程对应的单点系泊FPSO低频响应极值,应用三维势流理论及非线性时域耦合分析方法,研究了单点系泊FPSO低频运动响应与风浪流入射角度之间的关系,得出了给定风浪流大小前提下最危险的入射角度,计算了风浪流载荷在发展、顶峰、消亡各不同阶段对应的船体低频运动响应极值。结果表明：单点系泊FPSO低频响应与风浪流入射角度密切相关,且响应最大值可能并不出现在有义波高、风速、流速最大的顶峰时期,而可能出现在有义波高、风速、流速较小但风浪流入射角度呈强非线性的发展或消亡阶段。因此,在研究单点系泊FPSO的低频响应极值时,必须考虑风浪流成长过程中的发展和消亡阶段。文中考虑了易被忽略的风浪流成长过程中入射角度呈强非线性的发展和衰亡阶段,为单点系泊FPSO低频响应特性的分析提供了有益参考。