广西扇棘单睾吸虫5.8S rRNA序列及二级结构的研究

目的 比较分析广西人体扇棘单睾吸虫、扇棘单睾吸虫和钩棘单睾吸虫5.8S rRNA序列及二级结构,探讨他们的进化关系.方法 提取广西扇棘单睾吸虫DNA,PCR扩增并测定5.8S rDNA序列;登录GenBank获取扇棘单睾吸虫和钩棘单睾吸虫5.8S rDNA序列.应用相关软件将5.8S rDNA基因转换成5.8S rRNA.采用Zuker算法,构建5.8S rRNA分子二级结构;计算3种吸虫间的遗传距离和同源性,分析5.8S rRNA序列及其二级结构特征.结果 广西人体扇棘单睾吸虫与扇棘单睾吸虫5.8S rRNA分子序列比较显示第81、83、84、129和143位共5个碱基发生变异,这些突变碱基均位于5.8S rRNA分子二级结构未配对碱基区,未引起5.8S rRNA二级结构的明显变化;与钩棘单睾吸虫比较,显示第13、27、49、66、99、152、157位共7个碱基发生变异,其中3个碱基发生在配对区,4个替代发生在未配对区,碱基变异引起两种吸虫5.8S rRNA二级结构的明显不同;广西扇棘单睾吸虫与扇棘单睾吸虫和钩棘单睾吸虫的遗传距离分别为0.031和0.044,同源性分别为96.9%和95.6%.结论 广西人体扇棘单睾吸虫5.8S rRNA序列与扇棘单睾吸虫高度同源,二级结构无明显不同,与钩棘单睾吸虫同源性较低,二级结构明显不同.     

桐庐县淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染现状调查

目的 了解桐庐县淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染现状,为预防华支睾吸虫病健康教育提供依据.方法 取桐庐县二大水系3个乡镇捕获的淡水鱼,采用鱼肉压片法进行解剖检查和显微镜鉴定华支睾吸虫囊蚴.结果 检测淡水鱼248尾,检出华支睾吸虫囊蚴14尾,感染率为5.65%;其中以桐君街道捕获的淡水鱼感染率最高为10.47%;富春江镇和分水镇分别为3.85%和2.38%.在捕获的淡水鱼中以麦穗鱼感染率最高为7.34%;其次为石斑鱼和柳条鱼,感染率分别为5.56%和3.23%.结论 二大水系中的淡水鱼存在一定程度的华支睾吸虫感染,其中以麦穗鱼感染率最高.     

广西横县集贸市场淡水鱼虾华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染调查

目的了解广西横县集贸市场食用淡水鱼虾华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染情况,为疾病控制部门采取预防措施提供参考资料。方法取6种常见淡水鱼鱼肉和淡水虾,采用直接压片法和人工消化法检查囊蚴,再将囊蚴感染家兔进一步确证。结果共采集标本651份,其中白鲩116条,鲫鱼82条,鲈鱼72条,蝙鱼28条,鲤鱼25条,鲢鱼13条,315只淡水虾,大多数来自本地养殖场,但也有少数淡水鱼虾从贵港、南宁等地运来。结果发现感染华支睾吸虫囊蚴的鱼21条,感染率6．25％。淡水虾未检出华支睾吸虫囊蚴。在来自贵港的1条白鲩中,共查出囊蚴1440个,阳性鱼感染度为7．1个／g,总体感染率为3．2％。结论广西横县市场食用淡水鱼受华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染,而且感染率比较高,要增强疾病控制部门的监管预防措施。     

金华市野生淡水鱼虾华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染状况调查

目的了解金华市野生淡水鱼虾华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染情况。方法按金华市主要水系分布特点采集3个县的河道、水库、池塘随机捕获的野生淡水鱼虾,用直接压片镜检法检测野生淡水鱼虾肌肉中华支睾吸虫囊蚴。结果在18种野生淡水鱼虾中检出华支睾吸虫囊蚴的有11种,占61.11%;检测鱼虾2 326尾,其中阳性131尾,总感染率为5.63%。鱼类感染率为8.24%,高于虾类感染率2.96%(P0.01)。不同调查县感染率不尽相同(P0.01),其中以处于水系下游的婺城区水域鱼虾感染率最高为12.92%。不同水域环境感染率差异有统计学意义(P0.01),以池塘感染率为高10.18%。不同种类野生淡水鱼的感染率差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),以旁皮鱼(17.65%)和麦穗鱼(17.65%)为最高。结论金华市野生淡水鱼虾有不同程度的华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染,生食或半生食淡水鱼虾,存在感染华支睾吸虫病的风险。     

广西横县集贸市场淡水鱼虾华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染调查

目的了解广西横县集贸市场食用淡水鱼虾华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染情况,为采取预防措施提供参考资料。方法取6种常见淡水鱼鱼肉和淡水虾,采用直接压片法和人工消化法检查囊蚴,再将囊蚴感染家兔进一步确证。结果共采集标本651份,其中白鲩116条,鲫鱼82条,鲈鱼72条,鳊鱼28条,鲤鱼25条,鲢鱼13条,315只淡水虾,大多数来自本地养殖场,但也有少数淡水鱼虾从贵港、南宁等地运来。结果发现感染华支睾吸虫囊蚴的鱼21条,感染率6.25%。淡水虾未检出华支睾吸虫囊蚴。在来自贵港的1条白鲩中,共查出囊蚴1 440个,阳性鱼感染度为7.1个/g,总体感染率为3.2%。结论本地市场食用淡水鱼有华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染,而且感染率比较高,要增强疾病控制部门的监管预防措施。     

白城地区市售淡水鱼东方次睾吸虫感染情况调查

目的了解白城地区东方次睾吸虫第二中间宿主感染情况。方法分别从白城地区大安市、白城市和镇赉县市场购买麦穗鱼、船丁鱼、鲫鱼，草鱼、鲤鱼、鲶鱼、胖头鱼、黑鱼、河虾，采用压片法显微镜下镜检，每种鱼检出囊蚴的放在一起，采用胃蛋白酶消化法进行消化，并计算每种鱼的囊蚴感染率和每种鱼平均每100g鱼肉的囊蚴数及其成熟情况。结果麦穗鱼、船丁鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼检出东方次睾吸虫囊蚴，检出的囊蚴感染率和平均每100g的数量为：麦穗鱼40％，760个；船丁鱼36％，465个；鲫鱼10．0％，126个；草鱼9．5％，97个。成熟囊蚴所占的比率为89．7％～92．2％。结论白城地区市售淡水鱼中可检出东方次睾吸虫囊蚴，应加强东方次睾吸虫方面的控制和宣传教育工作。     

人体自然感染钩棘单睾吸虫及其鱼类宿主调查

在龙海市和南靖县市坑等５个村进行的人体肠道蠕虫感染调查中，查见类似华支睾吸虫的小型虫卵，经驱出的成虫和虫卵形态学观察，鉴定为钩棘单睾吸虫，人群感染率为０．３４％（１３／３８６７）。第二中间宿主查出１１种鱼类，囊蚴平均感染率为３６．３％（１２５／３４４），每尾感染鱼平均含囊蚴１０．７个。本文同时对该虫异位寄生可引起的临床严重后果进行了讨论。     

广西武鸣县人群华支睾吸虫感染情况分析

目的掌握武鸣县国家监测点人群华支睾吸虫病流行情况,为国家制定华支睾吸虫病防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 2006—2015年在武鸣县每年监测≥3岁常住居民约1 000人,收集粪便,用改良加藤厚涂片法检测华支睾吸虫卵,分析人群感染情况。结果 2006—2015年武鸣县国家监测点人群华支睾吸虫总感染率为39.4%,其中,男、女性感染率分别为45.5%和33.9%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ~2=165.095,P0.001)。2006年感染率(47.7%)与2015年感染率(45.8%)差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.677,P=0.411)。不同年龄组感染率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=702.506,P0.001),感染率随年龄增长呈增高趋势(趋势χ~2=493.291,P0.001),高峰期为30～39岁。不同职业人群感染率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=646.115 8,P0.001);不同民族人群华支睾吸虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.2900,P0.001);不同教育程度人群感染率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=59.946 6,P0.001)。结论武鸣县属于华支睾吸虫超重度流行区,建议对居民强化华支睾吸虫感染危害及防控知识的健康教育。     

白城地区市售淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染情况调查

[目的]了解白城地区华支睾吸虫第二中间宿主感染情况。[方法]分别从白城地区大安市、白城市和镇赉县市场购买麦穗鱼、船丁鱼、鲫鱼,草鱼、鲤鱼、鲶鱼、胖头鱼、黑鱼、河虾,采用压片法显微镜下镜检,每种鱼检出囊蚴的放在一起,采用胃蛋白酶消化法进行消化,并计算每种鱼的囊蚴感染率和每种鱼平均每100克鱼肉的囊蚴数及其成熟情况。[结果]麦穗鱼、船丁鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼检出华支睾吸虫囊蚴,检出的囊蚴感染率和平均每100g的数量为:麦穗鱼33.3%,720个;船丁鱼29.6%,365个;鲫鱼10.0%,106个;草鱼8.5%,87个。成熟囊蚴所占的比率为84.9%~91.7%。[结论]白城地区市售淡水鱼中可检出华支睾吸虫囊蚴,仍应加强华支睾吸虫方面的控制和宣传教育工作。     

常见淡水鱼感染华支睾吸虫囊蚴的检测

华支睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)隶属于后睾科,支睾吸虫属。该吸虫背腹扁平,稍狭长,长宽为8～15×1～4mm。寄生于人、哺乳类动物的肝胆管内,引起胆管炎、胆囊炎、肝肿大、肝受损等疾患,称华支睾吸虫病,俗称肝吸虫病^〔1〕。人体感染是因食生的或未煮熟的含有其囊蚴的第2中间宿主鱼、虾而引起的。沼螺与淡水鱼虾分别是华支睾吸虫的第1、2中间宿主^〔2〕。国内外迄今已报告132种鱼、3种虾可充当华支睾吸虫的第2中间宿主,如:鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼、白鲢、麦穗鱼、米虾、沼虾等^〔3〕。     

广西狂犬病新旧疫区人群免疫应答与发病情况分析

广西是全国狂犬病高发区与老疫区之一。 6 0年代发病率为 0 0 2 / 10万～ 0 92 / 10万 ;70年代发病率为 0 74 / 10万～1 2 7/ 10万 ,发病地区分布在广西的 2 / 3县市 ;80年代发病率为 0 70 / 10万～ 2 4 6 / 10万 ,全省 87个县、市均发生不同程度的流行。由于对家犬采取管、免、灭与开展犬伤门诊等综合性措施之后 ,90年代疫情逐年下降。现对广西狂犬病新旧疫区人群狂犬病发病率和抗体水平进行比较分析。1　材料和方法1 1　资料来源　　疫情数据来源于广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心狂犬病的疫情资料。1 2　分析方法1 2 1　新、旧疫区…     

Microsatellite loci in the carcinogenic liver fluke,Opisthorchis viverrini and their application as population genetic markers

Opisthorchis viverrini is a carcinogenic foodborne trematode endemic in Southeast Asia especially in Thailand and the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Opisthorchiasis causes hepatobiliary diseases and cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer). Currently there is substantial evidence on genetic variation of O. viverrini but the information on population genetic structure is lacking. Because microsatellite DNA of this parasite is not available, we for the first time isolated and utilized microsatellite DNA as genetic markers to examine genetic diversity and the population structure of O. viverrini. Partial genomic DNA libraries were constructed by conventional and enrichment methods which yielded microsatellite-containing clones of 0.18–0.25% and 16.84%, respectively. Within 41 microsatellite loci isolated 36.59% were perfect, 60.98% were interrupted and 2.44% were compound microsatellites. The CA repetitions were the most frequent, followed by GT and CAT. Primers specific to the flanking regions of 12 microsatellite loci were developed to genotype 150 O. viverrini individuals from geographical localities in Thailand and Lao PDR. Allele numbers per locus ranged from 2 to 15, with the mean expected heterozygosity of 0.03–0.66. Analyses of O. viverrini from 5 localities revealed a high level of genetic diversity and had significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Significant heterozygote deficiency as well as heterozygote excess was detected across all localities indicating the possibility of selfing (inbreeding) as a predominant reproductive mode. Significant genetic differentiation (F_ST) was also detected between worms from different localities with varying levels of genetic heterogeneity. We discuss our results in terms of what these novel microsatellite markers reveal about the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of this medically important parasite, both in terms of the current study and their potential for future comprehensive population genetic studies O. viverrini sensu lato in Southeast Asia.     

Serum iron status in Orang Asli children living in endemic areas of soil-transmitted helminths

We conducted a cross sectional study to examine the association of intestinal parasitic infections and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) with iron-status indicators and anaemia among Orang Asli children in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 281 children aged 2 - 15 years were studied. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and laboratory analysis for blood and faecal samples. All children were infected either by A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura or hookworm and almost 19%, 26% and 3% of the children had severe infection of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection respectively. The prevalence of giardiasis among them was 24.9%. Overall, 41.5% of the children were anaemic (haemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL). Of these 61.0% of the children had iron deficiency and 36.5% had iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), which accounted for 88.0% of anaemia in this population. Severe trichuriasis had the most significant correlation with anaemia and iron deficiency in this population. It contributed to low concentrations of haemoglobin, serum iron and serum ferritin and high total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Significant underweight and stunting were associated with low concentrations of haemoglobin and serum iron while significant wasting was significantly associated with low concentration of serum ferritin. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that severe trichuriasis was a strong predictor of IDA. It also confirmed that children who were significantly underweight and whose mother was working were independent predictors of IDA in this population.     

广西2006年农村环境卫生现状分析

目的分析2006年广西农村环境卫生现状。方法分层随机抽取广西33个县开展农村生活饮用水水质调查,选择其中的23个县241个行政村2 414户农户开展农村的村容、垃圾和污水处理、卫生厕所等情况调查。结果241个调查村中,实行统一村容规划的占20.75%,没有硬化路面的占45.23%,没有卫生保洁员的占90.04%,无卫生管理制度的占81.72%。每村平均月产生活垃圾及生产性垃圾分别为63.42、109.23吨,生活、生产垃圾处理率分别占44.27%(28.08/63.42),79.25%(86.56/109.23);调查村月均产生活污水5 674.79吨、生产污水2 365.44吨,其中生活污水以随意及明沟排放方式为主,分别占52.75%、29.42%。调查2 414户农户,其卫生厕所普及率为43.79%(1 057/2 414)。33个调查县生活饮用水水质总合格率为24.24%(327/1 349),不同供水方式水质总大肠菌群平均合格率在27.32%~46.15%之间。23个调查县甲肝、痢疾、伤寒副伤寒和感染性腹泻发病共10 491例,死亡7例,病死率为0.067%。结论2006年广西农村村容规划率低,垃圾、...     

Screening of microfilariasis in blood (Loa Loa) among the immigrant population in endemic areas

BACKGROUND: Given the increasing flux of immigrant population from high-risk areas to our country, the need of screening for loasis arises, despite systematic screening being a debated and poorly evaluated practice to which there is no protocol. This study is aimed at identifying the population to which loasis screening would be most appropriate, by drawing a comparison among four alternatives. METHODS: Case and control group study, involving 30 cases (all those who came to our unit for treatment and who tested positive for Loa Loa in a microfilariae in the blood detection test) and 90 control cases (three controls per case from among the subjects having tested negative for microfiliariae in the blood chosen at random without any pairing criteria). RESULTS: Of the 1,638 subjects on whom the microfilariae blood test was performed, 30 tested positive (1.8%; 1.2-2.6%). Of these 30 cases of loasis, 76.7% (23; 57.7-90.1%) had eosinophilia (OR 8.8; 3.3-23.1; p<0.0001) and 30.0% (9; 14.7-49.4%) compatible clinical symptoms (OR 2.8; 1.0-7.5; p=0.04). If we were to apply the screening test to the entire immigrant population coming from endemic areas, we would have to perform 54.6 tests to detect one case. If we were to perform the test on patients showing eosinophilia and/or compatible clinical symptoms, we would have to perform a smaller number of tests for every case detected (NNS=29; IC=21-48), but there would be 16.7% (5; 5.7-34.7%) false negatives. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting a screening test with determination of microfiliariae in the blood on the immigrant population coming from Central and West Africa, independently of the presence of eosinophilia or compatible clinical symptoms, would be indicated, provided that the necessary resources are available.     

不同地区STD患者支原体感染及耐药性比较

目的了解江苏省不同地区STD患者常见支原体感染状况及其对抗生素药物的敏感性。方法以南京、徐州、无锡的4所医院性病门诊患者为研究对象，采集泌尿生殖道分泌物标本．培养分离解脲脲原体和人型支原体，并对分离株进行药敏试验及耐药基因检测分析。结果3个地区性病门诊患者解脲脲原体(Uu)或／和人型支原体(Mh)检出率分别为33．3％，27．9％和25．0％；女性检出率(41．3％)高于男性(2162％)；不同年龄组性病患者的检出率不同，以20岁～组和30岁～组较高；Uu和Mh较为敏感的抗生素为强力霉素、交沙霉素和原始霉素，耐药率较高的抗生素为环丙沙星和氧氟沙星。支原体对四环素的耐药性由TetM基因确定，后者的检出率与其耐药性高低成正比。结论应加强对常见支原体的检测与耐药监测，以便指导合理用药，从而有效控制由支原体感染所致的非淋球菌性尿道(阴道)炎。     

广西6市县首次城乡居民健康素养水平现状调查

目的:了解广西6市县城乡居民健康素养水平,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,选取广西南宁市、柳州市、桂林市、东兴市、宾阳县、鹿寨县6个地区2602名居民进行问卷调查。结果:本次调查对象具备健康素养的总体水平为6.0%,其中具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能素养者分别占12.3%,7.9%,23.1%。从5类健康问题素养分析,具备科学健康观、传染病预防、慢性病预防、安全与急救及基本医疗素养的占比分别是32.1%、17.6%、1.0%、31.2%和6.0%。结论:调查对象的健康素养水平较低,应有针对性地制定健康教育与促进策略,对广大群众持续进行行为干预,提高城乡居民的健康素养水平。     

广西不同区域流动人口感染疟疾结果比较

目的比较和分析广西壮族自治区3类不同区域流动人口感染疟疾结果，以确定哪类流动人群感染疟疾风险较高，为疟疾控制后期监测提供科学依据。方法收集2001～2011年广西109个县（市、区）疟疾疫情资料和流动人口监测资料，采用流行病学方法，对全区流动人口疟疾发病情况、病例感染来源等进行描述和统计分析。结果2001~2011年，广西共检查国际间流动返回人员4189人次，省际间流动返回人员216570人次，省内县际间流动人员122046人次，3类不同区域流动返回人员疟原虫血检阳性率分别为11.053%（463/4189）、0.378%(818/216570)和0.069%(85/122046)；检查来自国外人员1530人次、省外人员98548人次，省内县际间人员203921人次，3类外来人员血检阳性率分别为2.026%（31/1530）、0.201%(198/98548)和0.047%（96/20392）。共检出1691例疟疾病例，其中本地感染病例占10.70%（181/1691），外省感染返回病例占60.08%（1016/1691）,国外病例占29.21%（494/1691）。结论广西疟疾发病持续控制在1/万以下，当前疟疾发病以境外输入性疟疾为主，恶性疟病例呈增多趋势。到非洲和东南亚国家务工人员感染疟疾风险高，应加强对非洲和东南亚地区务工返回人员疟疾监测和管理，及时采血镜检，阳性者和可疑者及时规范治疗。