Effect of additive boron on type-Ib gem diamond single crystals synthesized under HPHT

The boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were synthesized successfully by adding amorphous boron into a system of graphite and Kovar catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).The effect of additive boron on type-Ib gem diamond was extensively studied including the growth characteristic,morphology and nitrogen concentration.The synthesized boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were characterized by optical microscope (OM),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectrometer (IR)...     

Study on growth of coarse grains of diamond with high quality under HPHT

The growth of coarse grains of diamond was observed with graphite as carbon source and Fe₈₀Ni₂₀ alloy powder as catalyst at HPHT in a China-type SPD 6×1670T cubic high-pressure apparatus with highly exact control system. To synthesize coarse grains of diamond crystal with high quality, advanced indirect heat assembly, powder catalyst technology and catalyst with optimal granularity were used. Especially the nucleation of diamond and the growth rate were strictly controlled by the optimized synthesis craft. At last, diamond crystals (about 0.85 mm) in the perfect hex-octahedron shape were successfully synthesized at ~5.4 GPa and ~1360℃ in 60 min. The characteristic of crystal growth with powder catalyst technology under HPHT was discussed. The results and techniques might be useful for production of coarse grains of diamond.     

Study on the HPHT synthetic diamond crystal from Fe-C（H） system and its significance

Investigations of crystal habit, micro-topographic imaging, micro-composition and micro-structural analysis of HPHT synthetic diamonds from the Fe-C（H） system indicate that most of them have an octahedral habit. The crystals grow mainly layer-to-layer from center to periphery. HPHT synthetic diamond is smaller in size than natural diamond because it only goes through nucleation and growth in the early stage. In the middle and late stages, due to the coalescence of diamond grains related to differences of surface energy, the growth of HPHT synthetic diamond is limited. The active energy （E） of transforming single nitrogen into a nitrogen-pair is lowered and the time of transforming single nitrogen into a nitrOgen-pair is shortened because of the existence of hydrogen. Therefore, aggregate nitrogen （A-centers） may exist in synthetic diamond from HPHT and explosive detonation processes. It needs further discussion on a worldwide view that the time of natural diamond formation extracted from nitrogen aggregation is some hundred million years. Consideration of the way in which surface energy influences the growth of diamond can help to understand some of the remaining issues （e.g. growth mechanism, etc.） in the HPHT synthetic process and effectively explain the formation of natural diamond in terms of HPHT thermodynamic theory. Especially, it is important to pay more attention to the influence of hydrogen on surface energy in that hydrogen may be a ＂bridge＂ for explaining the formation of HPHT synthetic and natural diamond.     

Dependence of nitrogen concentration in type Ib diamonds on synthesis temperature

Type Ib diamonds were grown by the temperature gradient method (TGM) at 5.5 GPa and 1500－1560 K in a china-type cubic anvil high pressure apparatus using Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅ alloy as solvent/catalyst. The concentration of nitrogen (C_N) in type Ib diamonds synthesized at different synthesis temperatures was measured by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The dependence of C_N in diamond on synthesis temperature was studied. For the type Ib diamonds synthesized using Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅ as catalyst, its C_N decreases along with the increase of synthesis temperature.     

Microstructures of metallic film and diamond growth from Fe-Ni-C system

The microstructures of metallic film surrounding diamond have been systemically studied using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the atom force microscopy (AFM). The film can be divided into three layers (inner layer near diamond, external layer near graphite and middle layer). The graphite cannot be directly transformed into diamond in the film at HTHP; there exists a parallel relationship between (−111) of γ-(Fe,Ni) and (110) of Fe₃C in the inner layer; the sawtooth-like step morphology found by AFM on the film is similar to that of corresponding diamond surface. A new model for diamond growth at HPHT is proposed from the parallel relationship and sawtooth-like step morphology. It is believed that Fe₃C may be a transitional phase in the course of diamond growth, γ-(Fe,Ni) in the inner layer can absorb carbon atom groups with lamella structure from Fe₃C, and then the carbon groups stack on growing diamond.     

氮气流量对金刚石膜生长的影响

采用电子辅助热灯丝化学气相沉积（EA-CVD）方法沉积大面积金刚石膜,在金刚石膜的沉积过程中,氮气流量对金刚石膜沉积的影响会直接影响着金刚石膜的生长和质量。用Raman等手段对金刚石膜的生长特性进行了表征。     

甲烷浓度对大面积金刚石膜生长的影响

采用电子辅助热灯丝化学气相沉积(EA.CVD)方法沉积大面积金刚石膜,在金刚石膜的沉积过程中,碳源浓度的变化会直接影响着金刚石膜的生长和质量。使用Raman,SEM等手段对金刚石膜的生长特性进行了表征。     

甲烷浓度对光学级金刚石膜生长的影响

采用微波PCVD系统进行了高品质透明金刚石膜的制备,在金刚石膜的沉积过程中,碳源浓度的变化直接影响着金刚石膜的生长和质量。用Raman,SEM等手段对金刚石膜的生长特性进行了表征。     

不同添加方式对添加剂强化吸收的影响

为研究界面活性添加剂对吸收过程的强化作用,采用分子中含5~10个碳原子的多种醇类物质作为添加剂进行静态池吸收实验.采用传统的液相添加、两种添加剂的液相混合添加、吸收器中气相添加、蒸发器中气相添加及气、液相同时添加等添加方式,测试了多种添加剂对溴化锂溶液吸收水蒸气的影响.实验结果表明,添加剂在不同添加方式下均能起到一定的强化吸收作用.     

添加剂对烧结矿转鼓强度的影响

针对在采用烧结矿表面喷洒CaCl2溶液进行生产时,改善了烧结矿的低温还原粉化性能,却加快了除尘系统洗涤塔内衬钢板的腐蚀速度这一现象,研究采用含硼添加剂替代部分CaCl2外喷烧结矿,能有效抑制烧结矿的低温还原粉化,很好地改善了腐蚀状况,并阐述了其对转鼓强度这一重要冶金性能的影响。     

金刚石排列模式对钻进时效的影响

 研究金刚石宏观排列模式与金刚石钻头碎岩的时效关系, 不仅有助于设计有序排列金刚石钻头, 而且有利于更好地理解金刚石有序排列下岩石的破碎机理。本文应用ANSYS-LSDYNA 有限元软件对3 种不同金刚石排列模式(弧形排列、均匀排列和射线排列)的平底孕镶金刚石钻头进行孔底碎岩模拟研究, 考察金刚石的排列模式对其钻进时效的影响, 并对采用钎焊法试制的3 种有序排列金刚石钻头进行室内钻进试验。研究表明, 3 种钻头的钻进时效由高到低分别为弧形排列、均匀排列和射线排列钻头, 室内钻进试验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好。     

Diamond synthesis from a system of chromium-carbide and Ni70Mn25Co5 alloy

In order to ascertain the mechanism of interaction between carbide and metallic catalyst and formation of diamond under high pressure and high temperature, and find a new method to synthesize diamond with special properties, it is necessary to investigate the reaction behavior of different carbides and metallic solvent_catalysts under high pressure and high temperature. A system of Cr-3C-2 powder and Ni 70Mn 25Co 5 alloy in weight ratio of 1∶6 was treated under 6 0 GPa and 1 500℃ for 20, 30 or 60 min respectively. X_ray diffraction of the samples indicated the Cr 3C 2 decomposed partially after high pressure and temperature treatment, and Cr 7C 3, Cr and diamond formed respectively. There was not any trace of graphite in the samples. The result suggested that the separated carbon atoms could form diamond directly without conversion process of graphite into diamond. The observation of SEI, WDX and EDX also showed that diamond crystals were synthesized in the system, which have perfect surfaces and shapes, with the average grain size of about 40 μm. The properties of the crystals are being investigated.     

合成方法对Ti-SiZSM-5分子筛合成影响及合成过程探讨

在廉价原料水热合成体系中研究了合成原料组成、陈化、超声波振荡处理、加入导向剂或晶种对合成Ｔｉ－ＳｉＺＳＭ－５分子筛的影响,结果表明：在较低碱度下、ｎ（ＳｉＯ２）／ｎ（ＴｉＯ）很宽匀易生成Ｔｉ－ＳｉＺＳＭ－４８;在较高碱度下、ｎ（ＳｉＯ２）／ｎ（ＴｉＯ２）在５０－４００时易生成Ｔｉ－ＳｉＺＳＭ－５。凝胶必须陈化处理才能合成出高结晶度的Ｔｉ－ＳｉＺＳＭ－５分子筛,但凝胶经超声波振荡后合成钛硅分子筛时,     

基于钻石体系的纺织产业可持续竞争能力分析

研究了中国纺织产业提升可持续竞争能力的策略.运用迈克尔·波特的"钻石体系"模型,从生产要素,需求因素,相关产业和支持产业,战略、结构和竞争等4个方面分析了我国纺织产业竞争力现状及影响其可持续发展的制约因素.指出纺织产业应通过发掘低成本的比较优势、继续进行产业结构的优化和升级以及提升产业集群的竞争力等措施,以提升纺织业的竞争能力.     

Influence of Cr2O3 additive and sintering temperature on the structural characteristics and piezoelectric properties of Bi4Ti2.95W0.05O12.05 Aurivillius ceramics

In this paper, Cr_2O_3(0–0.4 wt%) as an additive was added into Bi_4Ti_(2.95)W_(0.05)O_(12.05)(BITW) for preparing a kind of W/Cr co-doped BIT(BITW-yCr) Aurivillius ceramics, both W~(6+) and Cr~(3+) are considered to substitute Ti~(4+) in the [TiO_6] octahedron of BIT. Besides the orthorhombic Bi_4Ti_3O_(12) as the major phase, BITW-yCr ceramics also contain the cubic Bi_2Ti_2O_7 as the second phase which was formed due to the doping effect of WO_3, but its formation could be depressed by the addition of less Cr_2O_3. Additionally, the cell parameters of BITW ceramics are also changed by the incorporation of Cr_2O_3, as the distortion degree of the orthorhombic structure(a/b)increases firstly and then decreases with its addtional amount(y). On the other hand, the grain growth of BITWyCr ceramics is mainly controlled by the sintering process, there a higher sintering temperature results in a larger grain size. In comparison to BIT ceramics, BITW-yCr ceramics with less Cr-addition(y=0–0.2) require a higher sintering temperature to attain the best dense state, moreover, as y increases, the sintering temperature to gain the highest piezoelectric activity also increases. Finally, BITW-0.2Cr which was sintered at 1150 °C exhibits a higher piezoelectric activity than the others, which could be attributed to its larger orthorhombic distortion and larger grain size, its ideal piezoelectric constant(d_(33)=28pC/N) provides it with great applying potentiality.     

Nb对Ti/Al_2O_3复合材料力学性能的影响

研究了热压烧结条件下Nb元素对Ti/ [φ(Al2 O3 ) =80 % ]复合材料相对密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性及维氏硬度等力学性能的影响 ,分析了其影响机理。结果表明 ,在Ti/ [φ(Al2 O3 ) =80 % ]的Al2 O3 复合材料中掺入Nb元素 ,材料的微观组织形貌得以细化 ,性能有了较大提高。随Nb掺量的增加 ,材料的相对密度、维氏硬度与抗弯强度先增大后减小 ,当掺量为 φ =1.5 %时 ,其相对密度、抗弯强度、维氏硬度达到最高 ,分别为 98.13%、5 0 1.0 6MPa和 2 0 .31GPa ,断裂韧性随Nb掺量的增加而增大 ,当掺量为 φ =2 %时 ,其断裂韧性为5 .2 4MPa·m1/ 2 。     

实验参数和Al质量分数对燃烧合成Ti3AIC2的影响

以Ti、Al和C粉为原料,采用XRD、SEM方法研究压坯压力、保护气氛以及不同Al质量分数对自蔓延燃烧合成Ti3AlC2的影响．结果表明,在150MPa压力下的试样生成主晶相Ti3AlC2,且其质量分数明显高于过高和过低压力下的试样．其他实验条件相同时氩气保护更有利于主晶相Ti3AlC2的生成．Ti／C=1．5时,Ti3AlC2的衍射蜂强度随着原料中Al质量分数的增加而加强．     

实验参数和Al质量分数对燃烧合成Ti3AlC2的影响

以Ti、Al和C粉为原料,采用XRD、SEM方法研究压坯压力、保护气氛以及不同Al质量分数对自蔓延燃烧合成Ti3AlC2的影响.结果表明,在150 MPa压力下的试样生成主晶相Ti3AlC2,且其质量分数明显高于过高和过低压力下的试样.其他实验条件相同时氩气保护更有利于主晶相Ti3AlC2的生成.Ti/C=1.5时,Ti3AlC2的衍射峰强度随着原料中Al质量分数的增加而加强.     

Effects of the surface-adsorption of boron-doped diamond electrode on its electrochemical behavior

As a kind of new functional material, diamond has unique physical and chemical properties[1 - 3]. Its chemical stability is perfect because it hardly reacts with acids and alkalis. Researchers tried to apply dia- mond as electrochemical electrode to waste…     

Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察不同Ti含量3.5Ni钢试样的组织及析出物,并通过测定其-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功来研究Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响。结果表明,与0.042Ti试样相比,0.079Ti试样在热轧态和正火+回火态时晶粒大小相同,但其热轧态组织中珠光体细化,且正火+回火态组织中TiN数量增多,平均尺寸约为150nm;正火+回火处理后,0.079Ti试样在-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功为233～23J,均低于0.042Ti试样相应值(234～66J);对于正火+回火态试样,较粗大TiN粒子的析出是造成其低温韧性降低的主要原因。