土荆芥提取物对谷蠹和赤拟谷盗的触杀与熏蒸活性研究

采用超声波辅助冷浸提取法以4种不同极性的溶剂(100％乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和石油醚)对土荆芥活性成分进行粗提,测试粗提物对谷蠹和赤拟谷盗的触杀与熏蒸活性.结果表明:土荆芥4种溶剂提取物对谷蠹具有明显的触杀活性,在0.468 mg/cm2剂量处理3d后致试虫校正死亡率达81.67％～ 100％;丙酮和100％乙醇提取物具有显著的熏蒸活性,丙酮提取物在0.36～0.52 g/mL处理3d后均致试虫全部死亡,100％乙醇提取物在0.52 g/mL处理下致试虫校正死亡率高达94.64％.土荆芥乙醇、丙酮和石油醚提取物对赤拟谷盗具有明显的触杀活性,在1.144 mg/cm2剂量处理3d后致试虫高达91.67％～ 100％的死亡,但4种溶剂提取物的熏蒸活性不明显.     

柳叶亚菊挥发油对烟草甲与赤拟谷盗的毒杀作用

为探索烟草甲和赤拟谷盗的有效绿色防治方法,进行了新型植物防护剂的开发研究。通过触杀、熏蒸和驱避试验测试了柳叶亚菊挥发油的活性,并通过GC/MS分析了柳叶亚菊挥发油的成分。结果显示:(1)从柳叶亚菊挥发油中共鉴定出了23种化合物,占挥发油总量的96.13%。其主要成分为:樟脑(36.50%)、杜松脑(16.44%)、桉叶油醇(9.61%)和α-红没药醇(4.77%)等。(2)柳叶亚菊挥发油对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗均表现出较明显的熏蒸活性(LC_(50)分别为26.60 mg/L和24.29 mg/L)和触杀活性(LD_(50)分别为25.66μg/头和64.51μg/头)。(3)柳叶亚菊挥发油对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗也表现出明显的驱避作用。在高浓度(0.500 0%,体积分数)条件下分别处理后2 h和4 h时,柳叶亚菊挥发油对烟草甲的驱避率高于60%,而对赤拟谷盗的驱避率高于90%。显示柳叶亚菊挥发油对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗均具有较好的防治效果。     

花椒提取物的杀虫活性研究

以花椒果皮为研究对象,赤拟谷盗为供试虫源,采用点滴法、饲喂法、三角瓶密闭熏蒸法和培养皿滤纸涂药法检测不同花椒果皮提取物对赤拟谷盗的的触杀、胃毒、熏蒸及趋避作用。实验结果显示,正丁醇萃取部分对赤拟谷盗的触杀活性最高,其LC50值为1.086 463 g/m L,石油醚提取部分对赤拟谷盗趋避活性最高,其趋避率可达到93.617%,花椒果皮不同极性段的提取物均有一定的杀虫活性。     

细叶亚菊挥发油化学组成及其对赤拟谷盗和烟草甲的杀虫活性研究

本实验研究了细叶亚菊挥发油的化学组成及其对2种常见粮储害虫—赤拟谷盗和烟草甲成虫的杀虫活性及驱避作用。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,GC/MS法分析挥发油的成分及其相对含量;采用熏蒸、触杀、驱避3种不同的测试方法评价挥发油对害虫的防治作用。从细叶亚菊挥发油中鉴定出了17种化合物,主要成分为(+)-樟脑(28.92%)、1,8-桉油精(23.64%)、冰片(6.52%)。挥发油对赤拟谷盗和烟草甲表现出较强熏蒸活性,LC_(50)分别为15.88 mg/L和25.67 mg/L;同时,对2种昆虫表现出一定触杀活性,LD_(50)分别为52.37μg/头和17.56μg/头;另外,在78.63 nL/cm~2和15.73 nL/cm~2测试浓度下作用2 h或4 h后,对赤拟谷盗均具有与阳性对照DEET相近的驱避效果,对烟草甲作用2 h后具有一定驱避活性。结果表明,细叶亚菊挥发油对赤拟谷盗和烟草甲具有较好防治作用,能够为细叶亚菊挥发油防治常见粮食仓储害虫提供参考。     

鸡骨柴挥发油及其主要组分γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫的防治作用

本研究分析了鸡骨柴挥发油及其主要组分γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫的防治作用。通过触杀、熏蒸和驱避试验评价鸡骨柴挥发油及γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫的生物活性。结果显示，鸡骨柴挥发油及γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫具有明显的触杀活性（LD50 = 26.64和33.04 μg/头）和熏蒸活性（LC50 = 32.16和16.94 mg/L-1）。鸡骨柴挥发油对赤拟谷盗幼虫触杀和熏蒸活性均弱于成虫（LD50和LC50分别为111.72 μg/头和78.25 mg/L-1）。驱避活性测试中，在5 mg/ml测试浓度下，鸡骨柴挥发油对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫驱避作用显著，驱避率值分别达到100%和90%以上。γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗成虫和幼虫未表现出驱避活性及对赤拟谷盗幼虫未表现出触杀和熏蒸活性。鸡骨柴挥发油及其主要组分γ-萜品烯对赤拟谷盗具有一定的防治作用。     

连翘挥发油对两种烟草仓储害虫的毒杀作用

为开发新型烟草仓储防护剂,研究连翘果实挥发油的化学成分及其对烟草仓储害虫的杀虫活性。通过GC-MS分析了连翘果实挥发油的化学成分,运用柱色谱和核磁共振方法分离并鉴定化合物,通过熏蒸、触杀试验测试挥发油及单体成分活性。结果表明,连翘挥发油对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗熏蒸活性的LC₅₀值分别为8.94和7.68 mg/L;触杀活性的LD₅₀值分别为23.66和30.13 μg/头。单体化合物中,4-萜品醇对烟草甲的熏蒸和触杀毒性最强（LC₅₀值为6.90 mg/L;LD₅₀值为8.62 μg/头）。另外,α-蒎烯,γ-萜品烯和4-萜品醇对两种仓储害虫均具有较好的熏蒸和触杀活性。因此,连翘挥发油及其单体化合物对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗均具有一定防治作用。     

九种药用植物提取液对储粮害虫毒杀作用的研究

本文介绍了中国的丹皮(Paeonia suffrutiposa Andr.)、蛇床子(Cnidiummonnieri(L.)Cuss.)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.)、姜黄(Cur-cuma longa auct.non L.),木香薷(Elsholtozia stauntonii Benth)、苦楝(Me-lia azedarach L.)、槟榔(Areca Catechu L.)、半夏(Pinellia ternata Breit)和乌梅(Prunus mume Sieb.et Zucc.)等九种药用植物,采用点滴法、喷雾法、拌粮法和熏蒸法,对玉米象(Sitophilus Zeamais Motschulshy)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha domin-ica(Fabricius))、杂拟谷盗(Tribolium confnsum Jacqnelin du Val)、赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castanneum Herbst)和绿豆象(Callosobruchus chinensis(L.))等虫种,进行了室内毒力测定和毒杀作用的研究。结果表明,苦楝油、木香薷挥发油和丹皮乙醚热提取物均具有较明显的接触致死效应;蛇床子95%乙醇热提取物也具有一定的接触致死作用。其中木香薷挥发油还具有较强的熏杀作用。苦楝油拌粉处理赤拟谷盗各个虫态,导致形态畸形;丹皮粗提物对谷蠹和赤拟谷盗等成虫亦具有相似作用。槟榔—正丁醇提取物对杂拟谷盗幼虫中肠淀粉酶的活性具有一定的抑制作用。     

北艾精油对赤拟谷盗的控制作用

为明确北艾精油对赤拟谷盗的杀虫活性,采用亚临界萃取法提取了北艾精油,用背部点滴法、滤纸药膜法和滤纸熏蒸法测定了北艾精油对赤拟谷盗不同虫态的控制作用。结果表明,北艾精油处理浓度越高,触杀效果越好,且200 μL/mL以上浓度的北艾精油对成虫和幼虫均具有很强触杀效果;北艾精油浓度和虫态显著影响了熏蒸效果,在北艾精油浓度 1 600 μL/mL以上时熏蒸死亡率达到100%,同时对幼虫熏蒸效果强于成虫;处理时间对赤拟谷盗的成虫和幼虫趋避率无显著影响,但精油浓度增加显著提高了成虫和幼虫趋避率,且在精油浓度为200 μL/mL时均达到了IV级以上水平。研究结果说明,北艾精油对赤拟谷盗具有较强的触杀、熏蒸和驱避活性。该研究结果可为利用北艾精油防治仓储害虫提供参考。     

侧柏叶对烟草仓储害虫烟草甲和赤拟谷盗的毒杀作用

为有效防治烟草仓储害虫,进行了新型植物防护剂的开发研究。通过熏蒸和触杀试验测试了侧柏叶挥发油及单体成分活性,并通过GC/MS分析了侧柏叶挥发油的化学成分。结果显示:①GC/MS分析共鉴定出侧柏叶挥发油成分34种,占总成分的93.28%,其主要成分为:α-蒎烯(15.08%)、雪松醇(12.63%)、3-蒈烯(9.68%)和石竹烯(9.02%)。②通过生物活性筛选,侧柏叶挥发油对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗触杀的半数致死量分别为50.45和48.59μg/头;对二者熏蒸活性的半数致死浓度为145.40和39.25 mg/L。③从侧柏叶挥发油中得到3种活性成分:α-蒎烯、β-水芹烯和4-萜烯醇。因此,侧柏叶挥发油及其活性单体对烟草甲和赤拟谷盗均具有一定的触杀和熏蒸活性。      

土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性

研究土荆芥挥发油的化学成分及对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性。用水蒸气蒸馏的方法提取土荆芥挥发油,气相-质谱法分析挥发油的化学成分;用密闭熏蒸法、点滴法与滤纸扩散法对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性进行了测定。从土荆芥挥发油中共检出96种化合物,相对含量较高的有：（+）-4-蒈烯（36.136%）、2-蒈烯（23.897%）、邻伞花烃（10.992%）、驱蛔素环氧化物（9.047%）,驱蛔素（4.882%）等。土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗熏蒸活性LC50 值分别为1.35 mg/L和2.83 mg/L;对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的触杀活性LD50值分别为16.80 μg/头和29.35 μg/头;当浓度为58.975 ??g/cm2时,处理2 h和4 h,土荆芥挥发油对玉米象的驱避率分别为45%和47%,对赤拟谷盗的驱避率分别为76 %和80 %。土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗两种仓储害虫均有良好的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性,可望从土荆芥挥发油中发现对两种仓储害虫具有良好生物活性的化合物。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.