高放射性废物深地质处置库预选场址深部花岗岩的同位素地球化学

评价高放射性废物深地质处置库安全性能的一个重要方面是研究处置库的远场地球化学环境 ;矿物和岩石同位素地球化学研究可以较客观地重现矿物、岩石形成时的古环境及其演化历史。对中国第一个高放射性废物处置库预选场深部花岗岩不同深度裂隙充填矿物 (方解石、石英 )的 C、O同位素 ,Rb- Sr同位素及铀系核素的研究表明预选场深部花岗岩可分为四种不同的地球化学环境 :1浅部 (0～ 15 0 m ) ,其填隙矿物的δ1 8O(SMOW) =12 .1‰～ 13.0‰ ,δ1 3C(PDB) =- 9.5‰～ - 10 .1‰ ,δ87Sr=- 3.2 4‰～ - 1.0 9‰ ,填隙矿物形成于低温流体环境 ,为大气降水补给。 2中—上部 (15 0～ 35 0 m) ,δ1 8O(SMOW) =13.3‰～ 18.0‰ ,δ87Sr≈ 0 ,δ1 3C(PDB) =- 11.2‰～- 10 .5‰ ,填隙矿物形成时其流体来源较复杂 ,为大气降水和盆地卤水的混合流体 ,且处于弱还原环境 ;铀系核素活度数据也显示此区段地下水环境相对稳定 ,未受到现代大气降水或地下水的影响。 3中—下部花岗岩 (35 0～5 5 0 m) ,填隙矿物形成时的环境由两种不同性质的地下水控制 ,但深部地球化学环境相对稳定。 4深部 (>5 5 0 m) ,岩性相对稳定 ,地下水—花岗岩的反应处于稳定的长期平衡状态。这种地球化学环境对于高放射性废物的永久处置是有利的。     

高放废物深地质处置库预选场址的古温度环境

填隙矿物的流体包裹体研究与矿物的同位素地球化学研究可较好地揭示高放废物深地质处置库预选场址的深部热环境及古地下水热历史。中国高放废物深地质处置库第一个预选场深部花岗岩内填隙矿物的同位素、矿物学以及流体包裹体研究结果显示,甘肃北山地区花岗岩深部至少存在两种环境：浅部花岗岩(0～150m)填隙方解石的δ^18O=-18．2‰～-15．8‰(PDB),δ^13C=-9．5‰～-8．4‰(PDB),包裹体的均一温度(th)为140～160℃,包裹体的冰点温度为-2．5～-1．5℃,地下水可能以大气降水成因为主,且可能混合了盆地卤水并与花岗岩反应,形成温度、盐度(2％～5％,NaCleq)均较低的地下水;在350～550m区段内(深部花岗岩),其δ^18O值为-32．6‰～-17．6‰(PDB),δ^13C值为-10．5‰～-6．2‰(PDB),流体包裹体的均一温度较其上部的稍高,为160～190℃,而其冰点温度则较低,为-4～-3．2℃(盐度5％～8％,NaCleq),地下水类型为大气降水与盆地古卤水的混合,以大气降水为主。石英的氧同位素组成和计算的古地下水氧同位素组成则进一步表明,花岗岩深部(350～550m)也存在两种温度环境：较低温度(140～160℃)、较高盐度(5．5％～8％,NaCleq)的地下水;较高温度(220～240℃)、较低盐度(3％～5．5％,NaCleq)的地下水,其地下水类型为大气降水和与花岗岩平衡的卤水。     

一种适用于高放废物地质处置数据管理的多源信息分类与编码体系

综合考虑高放废物地质处置多源信息的数据特点,按照学科专题领域划分原则,同时兼顾GIS等信息技术在新兴领域中的应用,形成了一套适用于高放废物地质处置数据管理的多源信息分类与编码体系。该体系遵循相关国际或国家基础信息标准及废物处置等行业标准,同时采用面向对象程序设计与兼顾GIS分析的思想,有利于更大程度地满足核技术领域信息共享需求。     

高放废物地质处置地下实验室新场候选场址三维地质建模

在新场研究区现有资料分析和解译的基础上,对岩体单元和断裂分别进行建模,然后将两个模型合并进行插值计算,建立了高放废物地质处置地下实验室新场候选场址的三维地质模型。基于模型开展了一系列三维剖切、任意开挖、钻孔设计等可视化分析应用研究,全面真实地揭示了候选场址周围深部地质环境特征,并筛选出半径约1km的区域用作地下实验室的候选场址,为我国高放废物地质处置项目的后续工作中地质分析与工程设计提供有益参考和技术支持。     

基于开源PostgreSQL & SharpMap的高放废物地质处置遥感信息管理系统的设计与开发

基于开源PostgreSQL空间数据库和SharpMap控件,设计开发了高放废物地质处置遥感信息管理系统,实现了遥感影像的打开、另存、裁剪、空间查询、可视化漫游及数据记录的增、删、改、查等多种功能,对高放废物地质处置及信息化建设具有重要的现实意义。     

高放废物处置库北山预选区地下水同位素组成特征及其意义

在高放废物处置库选址中,场地水文地质条件的认识极为重要,因为任何从处置库释放出来的放射性物质都将通过地下水搬运向人类生存环境或生物圈迁移.甘肃北山地区是我国高放废物处置库的重要预选区之一,位于我国西北甘肃省西北部.为了认识预选区的水文地质条件,从水文地质角度评价其作为高放废物处置库场地的适宜性,在过去的10 a,在该区开展了同位素水文地质调查工作.野外调查和氢、氧稳定同位素分析结果表明,研究区地下水主要源自大气降水补给.浅部地下水主要由现代区内降水补给形成,而深部地下水则可能由地质历史时期降水补给形成;浅部地下水系统具有相对开放性特征,水循环交替能力较强,而深部地下水系统具有相对封闭性特征,水循环交替能力较弱.     

CFC在中国高放废物处置库预选区地下水研究中的应用

本文介绍了地下水测年的CFC方法及其原理,并将这种方法实际应用于我国高放废物处置库预选区--甘肃北山地区的水文地质研究,结果表明,研究区内沟谷洼地浅部地下水的CFC年龄在15~26 a,基岩裂隙浅部地下水多为不含CFC的老水与含CFC的新水的混合水.在描述了确定混合比方法的基础上,根据样品CFC含量计算了研究区地下水的混合比.与氚相比,CFC是目前年轻地下水测年更好的工具,具有更多的优越性.     

阿齐山—雅满苏地区中-新生代构造隆升裂变径迹 证据:兼论构造活动对核废选址场的意义

构造活动性是核废处置场评价的一项基本判别要素。文中通过对东天山阿齐山—雅满苏地区磷灰石裂变径迹测年及 构造隆升剥蚀过程的模拟来评价核废处置场的构造活动性。结果表明阿齐山—雅满苏地区样品磷灰石裂变径迹年龄集中分 布在81.7~51.4 Ma之间,反映出东天山地区晚白垩世—始新世存在一次明显的构造冷却事件,这与天山地区晚白垩世的抬 升剥露事件相一致。磷灰石裂变径迹长度介于13.60±0.11~14.36±0.10 μm之间,其长度标准差为0.98~1.22 μm,显示该区 磷灰石径迹形成后没有发生过明显的退火作用。根据地温梯度计算得到晚白垩世—始新世东天山阿齐山—雅满苏地区隆升 剥蚀速率为270~580 m/Ma。现有地质资料及热史模拟结果表明,东天山阿齐山—雅满苏地区在晚白垩世—始新世(84~49 Ma)期间经历了强烈的构造隆升—剥露事件,自始新世以后50 Ma以来,地壳处于稳定状态,新生代构造活动不明显,其 活动强度明显有别于天山其他地段。东天山阿齐山—雅满苏地区现在的构造地貌基本继承了晚白垩世的特征,处于构造活 动平稳期,符合核废处置场选址的构造要求。     

沸石净化剂制备及治理造纸废水应用试验

将８０目信阳上天梯斜发沸石岩经水润湿后,与水解后能形成多核、多羟基、高正电的铝盐、铁盐按一定比例混合,同时加入适量的反应助剂充分搅拌;然后将混合物的ＰＨ值调至４￣５并陈化数小时;最后将混合物在２００￣２５０℃的温度下烧结制成“沸石净化剂”。用该净化剂处理ＰＨ≈９、ＣＯＤＣｒ〈３５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的草浆型造纸终端废水,若重量比为１：９００,则可使ＣＤＯＣｒ降低到４５０￣９６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,达到国家造纸行业２     

Selection and Basic Properties of the Buffer Material for High-Level Radioactive Waste Repository in China

Radioactive wastes arising from a wide range of human activities are in many different physical and chemical forms, contaminated with varying radioactivity. Their common features are the potential hazard associated with their radioactivity and the need to manage them in such a way as to protect the human environment. The geological disposal is regarded as the most reasonable and effective way to safely disposing high-level radioactive wastes in the world. The conceptual model of geological disposal in China is based on a multi-barrier system that combines an isolating geological environment with an engineered barrier system. The buffer is one of the main engineered barriers for HLW repository. It is expected to maintain its low water permeability, self-sealing property, radio nuclides adsorption and retardation properties, thermal conductivity, chemical buffering property, canister supporting property, and stress buffering property over a long period of time. Bentonite is selected as the main content of buffer material that can satisfy the above requirements. The Gaomiaozi deposit is selected as the candidate supplier for China＇s buffer material of high level radioactive waste repository. This paper presents the geological features of the GMZ deposit and basic properties of the GMZ Na-bentonite. It is a super-large deposit with a high content of montmorillonite （about 75 %）, and GMZ-1, which is Na-bentonite produced from GMZ deposit is selected as the reference material for China＇s buffer material study.     

Correlations between U, Th Content and Metamorphic Grade in the Western Namaqualand Belt, South Africa, with Implications for Radioactive Heating of the Crust

The digital image of airborne radiometric data across SouthAfrica reveals that the largest anomaly, 100 nGy/h, is causedby the granulite-facies rocks of the Namaquan metamorphic complex,whereas most of the country is <60 nGy/h. This observationis consistent with geochemical data that show that the 1900± 100 Ma greenschist-facies Richtersveld Terrane nearNamibia (max. U = 3·4 ppm; Th = 20·1 ppm) andthe adjacent, 1100 ± 100 Ma, amphibolite-facies Aggeneys/SteinkopfTerranes (max. U 10 ppm; Th 52 ppm) are the least enrichedin U, Th and K. In contrast, the lower-T granulite-facies OkiepTerrane near Springbok hosts more enriched granites (max. U 17 ppm; Th 66 ppm) and noritic intrusions (max. U = 14 ppm;Th = 83 ppm). The most enriched rocks are found in the 1030Ma higher-T granulite-facies core of the Namaquan belt and includequartzo-feldspathic gneisses (max. U = 46 ppm; Th = 90 ppm)and charnockites (max. U = 52 ppm; Th = 400 ppm). Our findingscontradict the notion that granulite-facies terrains are characteristicallydepleted in U and Th. In this study we modeled the heat productionin the core of the Namaquan complex, where the granulites havehad a very unusual metamorphic history, and show that ultra-high-T(1000°C, P 10 kbar) metamorphic conditions could have beenachieved by radiogenic heating without invoking external heatsources. However, monazite-rich veins of charnockite and patchesof granulites mark the passage of CO₂-dominated melts and fluidsderived from fractionated noritic intrusions. KEY WORDS: charnockite; granulite; Namaqualand; thorium; uranium; radioactive heating; metamorphism     

西藏南部晚白垩世厚壳蛤不同壳层的地球化学特征及其对古海洋信息的保存性

测试了西藏南部岗巴剖面上白垩统宗山组上段地层中厚壳蛤不同壳层的Sr、Mn、Al、Si含量,以及碳、氧、锶同位素组成,测试结果表明:1）厚壳蛤的不同壳层（包括柱状层、珍珠层和二者间的过渡层）的碳酸盐矿物均已新生变形为成岩低镁方解石（DLMC）,各种原始碳酸盐矿物（沉积低镁方解石或文石）都已不同程度地发生重结晶;2）从壳的外层（柱状层）向内层（珍珠层）方向,碳酸盐矿物重结晶作用有逐渐增强的趋势,柱状层仍具有很好的柱状结构,其平均阴极发光强度明显弱于内部的珍珠层;3）厚壳蛤不同壳层的Sr含量和δ18O值都呈现有规律的变化,从靠外部的柱状层到内部的珍珠层,Sr含量和δ18O值都逐渐降低,同样说明内部的珍珠层丢掉的海水信息相对较多;4）厚壳蛤不同壳层和体腔充填物的δ18O值都显著低于前人报道的同期海水值,说明在新生变形过程中,厚壳蛤不同壳层和体腔充填物的氧同位素都与大气水或其它成岩流体发生了交换,但柱状层的氧同位素与大气水（或其它成岩流体）的交换相对较少;5）厚壳蛤不同壳层和体腔充填物的锶、碳同位素组成与同期海水值接近,不同壳层之间也没有表现出有规律性的变化,因而在矿物的新生变形过程中,厚壳蛤的锶、碳同位素与成岩流体间的交换相对较少,同时也说明,在氧、碳、锶三种同位素中,氧很容易与成岩流体发生同位素交换,而碳、锶同位素则更多地代表了海水信息。     

川东北普光地区新型杂卤石钾盐矿的物源:Sr、S同位素证据

新型杂卤石钾盐矿是近年来发现于四川盆地东北部早—中三叠世的一种可溶性海相固体钾盐,因其可利用性及低成本可开采特征,及其对海相找钾实现突破性进展提供的指示意义,引起了工业界及学术界的广泛关注。但当前以新型杂卤石钾盐矿为载体的海相成钾理论研究尚处于探索阶段,本文聚焦川东北普光地区中下三叠统新型杂卤石钾盐矿,将锶、硫同位素研究方法应用于杂卤石碎屑、石膏及"绿豆岩"等样品,以探讨新型杂卤石钾盐矿中不同组分的物源特征。分析结果显示,杂卤石碎屑和矿层底部硬石膏样品具有相似的δ³⁴S和⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr同位素特征,δ³⁴S分布在27.9‰～28.9‰之间,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr介于0.70826～0.70829之间。该研究结果与同时期全球海相硫酸盐的δ³⁴S和全球海水的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr的可对比性表明上述组分的主要物源应为同时期海水。该研究结果为进一步新型杂卤石钾盐矿成矿模型的建立及海相成钾理论的补充和完善提...     

Strontium and Lead Isotopic Study of the Carbonate‐hosted Xujiashan Antimony Deposit from Hubei Province,South China: Implications for its Origin

The Xujiashan antimony deposit is hosted by marine carbonates of the Upper Sinian Doushantuo and Dengying Formations in Hubei Province, South China. Our Sr isotopic data from pre‐ and syn‐mineralization calcites that host the mineralization show that the pre‐mineralization calcite displays a narrow range of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7096 to 0.7097), similar to the ratios of the Sinian seawater, and high Sr concentrations (2645 to 8174 ppm). In contrast, the syn‐mineralization calcite exhibits low Sr concentrations (785 to 2563 ppm) and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7109 to 0.7154), which is interpreted as the result of addition of radiogenic strontium during the antimony mineralization. The study of Sr isotopes suggests that their Sr component to the pre‐mineralization calcite derived directly from the host rocks (i.e. the Sinian marine carbonates), while radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr for the syn‐mineralization calcite derived from the underlying Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group basement through hydrothermal fluid circulation along the major fault that hosts the mineralization. The Pb isotopic ratios of stibnite are subdivided into two groups (Group A and Group B), Group A is characterized by higher radiogenic lead, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.874 to 19.288, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.708 to 15.805, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.642 to 39.001. Group B shows lower lead isotope ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.882 to 18.171, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.555 to 15.686, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.950 to 38.340). The single‐stage model ages of Group A are mainly negative or slightly positive values (‐258 to 3 Ma), while those of Group B range from 636 to 392 Ma, with an average of 495 ± 65 Ma. In addition, there are positive linear correlations among Pb isotopic ratios. These results suggest that the lead of Group A stibnite was mainly derived from the Sinian marine carbonates, and that of Group B stibnite from the underlying Lengjiaxi Group basement. This conclusion is consistent with the results of the Sr isotopes. These results indicate that the Xujiashan deposit is not syngenetic sedimentary and in situ reworked origin as previously considered. The metal (mainly Sb) of this deposit was not only derived from the Sinian host rocks, but also partly derived from the underlying Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group basement.     

Trace element and Nd isotope analyses of apatite in granitoids and metamorphosed granitoids from the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications for petrogenesis and post-magmatic alteration

We present in situ trace element and Nd isotopic data of apatites from metamorphosed and metasomatized (i.e., altered) and unaltered granitoids in the Songnen and Jiamusi massifs in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, with the aim of fingerprinting granitoid petrogenesis, including both the magmatic and post-magmatic evolution processes. Apatites from altered granitoids (AG) and unaltered granitoids (UG) are characterized by distinct textures and geochemical compositions. Apatites from AG have irregular rim overgrowths and complex internal textures, along with low contents of rare earth elements (REEs), suggesting the re-precipitation of apatite during epidote crystallization and/or leaching of REEs from apatite by metasomatic fluids. ε_Nd(t) values of the these apatites are decoupled from zircon ε_Hf(t) values for most samples, which can be attributed to the higher mobility of Nd as compared to Sm in certain fluids. Apatites from UG are of igneous origin based on their homogeneous or concentric zoned textures and coupled Nd-Hf isotopic compositions. Trace element variations in igneous apatite are controlled primarily by the geochemical composition of the parental melt, fractional crystallization of other REE-bearing minerals, and changes in partition coefficients. Sr contents and Eu/Eu* values of apatites from UG correlate with whole-rock Sr and SiO₂ contents, highlighting the effects of plagioclase fractionation during magma evolution. Apatites from UG can be subdivided into four groups based on REE contents. Group 1 apatites have REE patterns similar to the host granitoids, but are slightly enriched in middle REEs, reflecting the influence of the parental melt composition and REE partitioning. Group 2 apatites exhibit strong light REE depletions, whereas Group 3 apatites are depleted in middle and heavy REEs, indicative of the crystallization of epidote-group minerals and hornblende before and/or during apatite crystallization, respectively. Group 4 apatites are depleted in heavy REEs, but enriched in Sr, which are features of adakites. Some unusual geochemical features of the apatites, including the REE patterns, Sr contents, Eu anomalies, and Nd isotopic compositions, indicate that inherited apatites are likely to retain the geochemical features of their parental magmas, and thus provide a record of small-scale crustal assimilation during magma evolution that is not evident from the whole-rock geochemistry.     

Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of sediments from the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers: Implications for partitioning tectonic terranes and crust weathering of the Central and Southeast China

New Nd and Sr isotope data are presented in this paper for sediments from the Yellow and Yangtze River drainage basins. The average ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope compositions of fine-grained sediments from two drainage basins seem similar. The T _DM^Nd ages of sediments from the two drainage basins are relatively uniform but exhibit subtle differences. This reflects the different underlying bedrocks, in association with the unique tectonic terranes that comprise central and southeastern China, including the North China Block, the Yangtze Block, the South China Block, the Tibet Plateau and the Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt. In contrast, there is an obvious difference in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios between fine-grained sediments of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, which actually reflects an increase in chemical weathering intensity from northwestern to southeastern China.     

He–Ar and Nd–Sr isotopic compositions of late Pleistocene felsic plutonic back arc basin rocks from Ulleungdo volcanic island, South Korea: Implications for the genesis of young plutonic rocks in a back arc basin

We report analyses of noble gases and Nd–Sr isotopes in mineral separates and whole rocks of late Pleistocene (< 0.2 Ma) monzonites from Ulleungdo, South Korea, a volcanic island within the back arc basin of the Japan island arc. A Rb–Sr mineral isochron age for the monzonites is 0.12 ± 0.01 Ma. K–Ar biotite ages from the same samples gave relatively concordant ages of 0.19 ± 0.01and 0.22 ± 0.01 Ma. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar yields a similar age of 0.29 ± 0.09 Ma. Geochemical characteristics of the felsic plutonic rocks, which are silica oversaturated alkali felsic rocks (av., 12.5 wt% in K₂O + Na₂O), are similar to those of 30 alkali volcanics from Ulleungdo in terms of concentrations of major, trace and REE elements. The initial Nd–Sr isotopic ratios of the monzonites (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70454–0.71264, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512528–0.512577) are comparable with those of the alkali volcanics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70466–0.70892, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512521–0.512615) erupted in Stage 3 of Ulleungdo volcanism (0.24–0.47 Ma). The high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of the monzonites imply that seawater and crustally contaminated pre-existing trachytes may have been melted or assimilated during differentiation of the alkali basaltic magma.A mantle helium component (³He/⁴He ratio of up to 6.5 RA) associated with excess argon was found in the monzonites. Feldspar and biotite have preferentially lost helium during slow cooling at depth and/or during their transportation to the surface in a hot host magma. The source magma noble gas isotopic features are well preserved in fluid inclusions in hornblende, and indicate that the magma may be directly derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle metasomatized by an ancient subduction process, or may have formed as a mixture of MORB-like mantle and crustal components. The radiometric ages, geochemical and Nd–Sr isotopic signatures of the Ulleungdo monzonites as well as the presence of mantle-derived helium and argon, suggests that these felsic plutonic rocks evolved from alkali basaltic magma that formed by partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the back arc basin located along the active continental margin of the southeastern part of the Eurasian plate.     

Geochemical and mantle-like isotopic (Nd, Sr) composition of the Baklan Granite from the Muratdağı Region (Banaz, Uşak), western Turkey: Implications for input of juvenile magmas in the source domains of western Anatolia Eocene–Miocene granites

The (late syn)- post-collisional magmatic activities of western and northwestern Anatolia are characterized by intrusion of a great number of granitoids. Amongst them, Baklan Granite, located in the southern part of the Muratdağı Region from the Menderes Massif (Banaz, Uşak), has peculiar chemical and isotopic characteristics. The Baklan rocks are made up by K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and hornblende, with accessory apatite, titanite and magnetite, and include mafic microgranular enclaves (MME). Chemically, the Baklan intrusion is of sub-alkaline character, belongs to the high-K, calc-alkaline series and displays features of I-type affinity. It is typically metaluminous to mildly peraluminous, and classified predominantly as granodiorite in composition. The spider and REE patterns show that the rocks are fractionated and have small negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu^* = 0.62–0.86), with the depletion of Nb, Ti, P and, to a lesser extent, Ba and Sr. The pluton was dated by the K–Ar method on the whole-rock, yielded ages between 17.8 ± 0.7 and 19.4 ± 0.9 Ma (Early Miocene). The intrusion possesses primitive low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.70331–0.70452) and negative ε_Nd(t) values (−5.0 to −5.6). The chemical contrast between evolved Baklan rocks (SiO₂, 62–71 wt.%; Cr, 7–27 ppm; Ni, 5–11 ppm; Mg#, 45–51) and more primitive clinopyroxene-bearing monzonitic enclaves (SiO₂, 54–59 wt.%; Cr, 20–310 ppm; Ni, 10–70 ppm; Mg#, 50–61) signifies that there is no co-genetic link between host granite and enclaves. The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the Baklan intrusion argue for an important role of a juvenile component, such as underplated mantle-derived basalt, in the generation of the granitoids. Crustal contamination has not contributed significantly to their origin. However, with respect to those of the Baklan intrusion, the generation of the (late syn)- post-collisional intrusions with higher Nd(t) values from the western Anatolia require a much higher amount of juvenil component in their source domains.