顽固频发性室性早搏与特发性室性心动过速的射频消融治疗

目的 通过对48例顽固频发性早搏(室早)及特发性室性心动过速(室速)的射频消融的疗效观察,探索其射频消融治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 48例顽固频发性室早与特发性室性心动过速患者,所有病例无器质性心脏病证据.男29例,女19例,年龄(45.3±6.8)岁,采用激动标测和起搏标测,确定室速和室早的起源部位,标测到靶点后行射频消融.并比较室早者消融前24小时动态心电图记录及消融后心电监护室早数.结果 48例室早与室速多数起源于心室流出道占87.5%(42/48).消融即刻成功率95.83%(46/48),其中33例顽固性室早24小时动态心电图记录消前室早数为(16016±2891)次,短阵室速(612±86)阵次,消融后室早数(142±170)次(P＜0.001),无室速再发.所有病人无任何并发症.随访3～48个月未服用任何抗心律失常药物,复发率为4.4%(2/46).结论 经导管射频消融可有效而安全地消除正常心脏顽固频发性室早与特发性室性心动过速.     

CARTO系统指导下射频消融特发性室性心律失常

目的：观察特发性室性心律失常射频消融治疗的成功率、复发率及并发症的发生率。方法选择15例特发性频发室早伴发或不伴阵发性室性心动过速、药物治疗无效或不能耐受长期服药且要求手术的患者,在CARTO系统指导下以单一专用导管行心室电解剖重建,激动顺序标测、起搏标测后,实施射频消融,观察结果。结果射频消融的15例患者中12例即刻消融成功,术后随访3~6个月均未见复发;3例不成功,改为药物治疗后室早有所减少。15例患者均未见并发症。结论射频消融治疗特发性室性心律失常是一种安全有效的方法。可以提高室性心律失常的治愈率,减少长期服药所带来的副作用。     

探索不用Halo电极射频消融治疗典型心房扑动的方法

目的探讨不用Halo电极消融典型心房扑动(AF)的方法和右心房峡部传导时间间期的意义。方法对9例AF患者进行了心脏电生理检查和射频消融。将普通标测电极分别放置高位右房(HRA、A点)、低位右房(LRA、B点)、希氏束(His、C点)、冠状窦(CS、CS34为D点),标测AF发作时右房激动顺序,起搏时测量右心房峡部传导时间间期,然后,对峡部行线形消融直至双向传导阻滞,测量右心房峡部传导时间间期(BD、DB)。结果不用Halo电极成功消融所有典型心房扑动病例,消融后冠状窦口处起搏时,起搏信号至右房下侧壁的时间间期(DB=140.7±66.1ms)和右房下侧壁起搏时起搏信号至冠状窦口CS34的时间间期(BD=123.2±42.1ms)均较消融前(DB=66.0±12.5ms,BD=62.5±13.0ms)明显延长,P<0.01。结论不用Halo电极能成功消融典型心房扑动(AF),右心房峡部传导时间间期的定量测定可作为判断峡部完全性双向传导阻滞的方法之一。     

导管射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速

目的总结房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）射频消融治疗的经验。方法房室结双径路通过下位能量递增消融法改良房室结慢径。结果房室结折返性心动过速16例，房室结双径路改良全部成功。结论导管射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速安全、有效；准确的靶点标侧是成功的关键。     

CARTO指导下射频消融低位环右心房逆钟向折返不典型心房扑动

目的 分析逆钟向低位环折返不典型心房扑动的特点，评价CARTO标测系统对其鉴别诊断的意义。方法 一57岁男性患者，因长期反复的心房扑动进行心脏电生理检查和导管射频消融治疗。常规放置右心房内导管、希氏束导管、冠状窦导管和标测消融导管。在心动过速中进行激动标测、电-解剖标测及三尖瓣环至峡部的连续性线性消融。以宽分离的双电位为射频消融的终点。结果 体表心电图和心内激动顺序提示为典型心房扑动。多部位拖带标测发现右心房侧壁远离折返环，低位右心房后壁在折返环上，峡部隐匿性拖带。进一步CARTO标测提示折返环沿下腔静脉逆钟向折返(尾头方向观)。进行峡部至三尖瓣环的连续性线性消融终止心动过速，并出现宽分离的双电位。随访6个月，未服用任何抗心律失常药物，无心房扑动复发。结论 逆钟向低位环折返不典型心房扑动可与典型心房扑动共用三尖瓣环与下腔静脉间的峡部作为缓慢传导区。峡部消融可以终止并消除心动过速。传统的标测方法容易漏诊，CARTO标测系统对折返环部位的判定有帮助。     

超声引导下实施射频消融房室结初探

目的探索经胸心脏超声引导心内射频的可行性和安全性.方法11例持续/永久性房颤/房扑拟行房室结消融加VVI起搏的患者,男性6例,女性5例,平均年龄66岁.在经胸心脏彩超引导下,采取"多切面观察"、"导管运动中观察",密切结合心内电生理定位,尝试左锁骨下静脉永久起搏导管和右股静脉消融导管的心内定位和靶点消融.以出现稳定的房室分离判为消融成功.结果11例患者的房室结消融及VVI起搏均顺利完成,手术成功率100%,随访期内患者恢复良好.结论经胸切面超声引导某些房室结消融和VVI起搏安全、简便、可行、经济,有可能成为常规X线透视下心律失常介入术的重要补充.     

心房颤动导管射频消融对心脏起搏器安全性影响的临床研究

目的评价植入起搏器患者经导管射频消融治疗慢性心房颤动(房颤)的安全性。方法18例永久性心脏起搏并房颤患者,其中男性12例,女性6例,年龄55～78岁,平均年龄68.67岁(标准差8.72岁)。分析其接受导管射频消融术中全程记录的心电信息,判断有无感知、起搏功能不良及房室失夺获、噪声反转等现象,并用起搏器程控仪于导管射频消融术前及术后第1天观察房室感知、起搏阈值及电极阻抗等参数的变化。结果18例患者均顺利完成导管射频消融,肺静脉前庭电学隔离率为100%。导管射频消融前后起搏器感知、起搏阈值及阻抗的变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。导管射频消融过程中,3例(17%)出现噪声反转,3例(17%)出现感知不良,1例(6%)出现起搏功能不良致心室失夺获,均于停止放电后恢复正常。3例(17%)慢性持续性房颤患者在电复律后出现一过性感知不良。结论射频电流和电复律可引起一过性感知、起搏功能的障碍,但一般不引起起搏、感知阈值及电极阻抗的改变。对于已植入心脏起搏器的慢性房颤患者,在需行导管射频消融术时是安全的。     

特发性室性心动过速射频消融后护理体会

目的探讨特发性室性心动过(IVT)速射频消融(RFCA)术后护理。方法回顾分析IVT患者RFCA过程、临床资料及护理要点。结果患者手术成功，已出院，术后随访3个月。结论正确、细致的病情观察和护理是手术后患者病情恢复的关键影响因素。     

影像与心电生理融合技术在快速心律失常治疗中的应用

快速心律失常主要包括房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)、房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)、特发性室性心动过速(室速)、房性心动过速(房速)、心房扑动(房扑)、心房颤动(房颤)和器质性心脏病伴发室性心动过速.其治疗包括经导管消融、基因治疗、药物治疗3部分.其中发展最快的是经导管射频消融技术,而现有的影像与电生理融合技术可以简化这一手术过程,提高成功率.Carto系统和Ensite系统等三维标测系统可以为术者提供较为直观的心脏三维图像,MERGE/Fusion技术则进一步将多排CT或MRI获得的影像与三维标测系统获取的解剖图像结合,更清楚地显示与消融密切相关的信息,从而大大提高了消融的精确性.     

心室局部应用乌头碱诱发室性心律失常的实验研究

为开展消除局部致心律失常病灶心肌组织的实验研究,本工作建立了适宜的动物模型。在12只犬心室局部心外膜上进行了36次给予乌头碱滤纸片诱发室性心律失常的实验。在给予乌头碱(6.1±4.5μg,n=36)后均诱发出严重的持续性单一形态室速。53%(19/36)的室速在持续256±234秒之后转变为室颤。室速时血液动力学状况明显恶化。局部心外膜等时标测图显示在心外膜上20×20mm~2的标测区域内存在一个以上的提前激动50～90ms的突破点,在心外膜等时标测指导下用Nd:YAG激光消除了全部病灶心肌,使心脏转复为窦性心律。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.