高速列车信息控制系统的故障诊断技术

介绍高速列车故障诊断的研究意义,特别关注高速列车信息控制系统的故障诊断研究工作,给出高速列车信息控制系统的一般性定义.高速列车信息控制系统主要包括牵引传动控制系统、制动控制系统、列车运行控制系统和网络系统.针对每一个子系统,分别阐述其故障诊断技术的研究现状,简要分析相应故障诊断技术的思想与优劣特点.最后探讨高速列车故障诊断研究中亟待解决的问题以及未来可能的研究方向.     

地铁CBTC技术的研究与发展

随着通信技术特别是无线电技术的飞速发展,人们开始研究以通信技术为基础的列车运行控制系统,用以实现移动闭塞,减少列车运行间隔,在不增加硬件投资的前提下提高系统的运能。通讯式列车控制（CBTC）系统是一个连续、自动化的列车控制系统,它是利用无线定位技术侦测列车的位置,是一个不受轨道电路支配、连续、高容量且双向作用的列车控制系统。     

动车组网络控制系统及技术分析

动车组的网络控制系统相当于人的大脑和神经,它在保证列车的行车安全、可靠性、舒适性方面具有至关重要的作用;为了给相关产品的网络控制系统设计提供借鉴,通过梳理中车已有典型动车组产品的网络控制系统,提取共性特征,总结归纳了动车组网络控制系统的组成、系统功能、拓扑功能、主要参数等内容;同时,乘客需求的提升以及轨道交通装备技术的不断升级,对动车组在速度、舒适性、智能化等方面提出了更高要求,为了明确动车组列车网络控制系统的发展方向,通过查询专利文献等途径,得出动车组网络控制系统新技术研究多集中在多网融合、列车冗余优化设计、列车自动驾驶、无线通信等方向,可以为轨道交通技术特别是网络控制系统技术的相关研究提供参考。     

基于模糊PID控制的列车主动悬架振动控制研究

为了研究高速列车主动悬架系统横向振动控制,将研究对象简化为二自由度1/4车悬挂模型,研究了高速列车车体的横移、侧滚为变量的列车悬挂控制系统,采用德国轨道谱作为列车的激励拟合。算法控制器选择方面,在PID控制和模糊控制的基础上,建立模糊PID控制,并建立了基于模糊PID控制的高速列车主动悬架横向振动控制系统,通过MATLAB仿真生成关系曲线,验证了模糊PID控制算法具有更好的控制效果。     

基于参数估计的半挂汽车列车稳定性控制研究

车辆参数估计是半挂汽车列车稳定性控制研究的关键,通过递推最小二乘法（RLS）估计整车质量和轮胎侧偏刚度,进而获取挂车横摆转动惯量,将估计的车辆参数应用于稳定性控制系统,修正控制系统参数.基于商用车动力学仿真软件TruckSim建立了某半挂汽车列车的非线性整车仿真模型,在Matlab/Simulink中设计建立了稳定性控制逻辑和参考响应模型,通过TruckSim-Simulink的联合仿真对控制方案进行了验证分析.结果表明,基于名义参数设计的控制系统受载重变化的影响较大,而带有参数估计的控制系统由于能够对控制参数进行修正,可以较好地适应载运工况的变化,受载运工况的影响较小.     

城市轨道交通行车综合自动化系统研究

回顾了国内外城市轨道交通行车综合自动化系统的研究状况。介绍了行车综合自动化系统的系统结构、系统特点、系统功能情况。研究了列车自动监督控制系统ATS与综合监控系统信息深度融合的方案,实现了城市轨道交通信息系统中多专业协同工作。     

城市轨道交通列车空转检测与校正方法研究

城市轨道交通列车牵引过程中由于诸多原因可能发生列车车轮空转的现象,空转会引起速度测量误差,可以导致轮轨擦伤甚至是脱轨事故的发生;文中提出速度差判别法对列车的空转进行检测,并研究列车速度及走行距离校正模型,由于列车牵引过程目标速度低,为了快速平稳地实现目标速度的跟踪和空转的补偿,进而设计模糊控制系统对列车的速度进行控制;在Simulink环境下搭建模型并进行仿真,仿真结果表明,该模糊控制系统补偿空转的同时实现了给定列车速度的跟踪。     

浅谈无线CBTC与传统列控系统的比较及其优势

当今在轨道交通列车控制系统中,主要采用了传统基于轨道电路的列车控制系统。本文在系统的可靠性、行车追踪间隔、设备维护和管理、信息传输方式等方面进行分析比较。提出无线CBTC移动闭塞系统代表了轨道交通列车控制系统的发展方向。     

列车信号系统与TCMS一体化显示软件的设计与实现

将列车网络系统与信号系统采用一体化显示的方式,实现实时监控列车网络系统和信号系统状态信息。融合显示后更便于用户监控列车运行状态,简化人员操作。对该一体化显示方案的硬件配置、软件设计及功能实现进行介绍。司控台显示屏是列车网络控制系统和信号系统的一个重要组成部分,通过将两个系统的显示屏融合的方式,简化了列车设备配置,节约空间,对列车运行的稳定性与安全性有着重要意义。     

基于磁悬浮列车的运行图编制算法

分析了轮轨列车与磁悬浮列车运行控制系统的差异,在参考轮轨列车运行图编制系统的基础上,提出了基于磁悬浮列车的运行图编制约束模型和编制算法。通过构建列车运行“位置—时间”矩阵检测列车运行冲突,并利用迭代修复算法消除冲突,最终得到可行的列车运行图。算例表明,该算法能有效地解决磁悬浮列车运行图编制方案,算法具有很好的有效性和实用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.