电网电压不平衡下采用串联网侧变换器的双馈感应风电系统改进控制

为进一步提高电网电压不平衡下采用串联网侧变换器的双馈感应发电机(doubly fed induction generator,DFIG)风电系统的运行性能,研究了适用于该系统的改进运行控制策略。提出电网电压不平衡下采用串联网侧变换器的DFIG系统的3种可选运行方案,以此为基础提出串联网侧变换器与并联网侧变换器的协调控制策略,并建立了在双同步dq旋转坐标轴系下两者的控制模型。所提系统协调控制方案无需改变电网电压不平衡下转子侧变换器的控制策略,在实现发电机输出功率无二倍频波动、电磁转矩无二倍频波动以及定、转子三相电流平衡的同时,可实现电网电压不平衡下整个系统或总输出有功功率无二倍频波动(同时可实现直流链电压无二倍频波动)或总输出无功功率无二倍频波动或整个系统无负序电流注入电网的不同运行功能,进一步增强了不平衡电压下DFIG风电系统的运行能力。对一台采用串联网侧变换器的DFIG风电模拟系统在不平衡电压条件下的运行进行了相关实验,实验结果验证了该文所提改进控制策略的可行性。     

弱电网下双馈风电机组电网电压扰动补偿控制策略

针对弱电网下双馈风电并网系统的稳定性问题,文中提出了一种基于电网电压扰动补偿的双馈风电机组补偿控制策略。首先,在同步旋转坐标系下建立双馈风电机组,包括转子侧变换器和网侧变换器的统一阻抗模型。然后,基于所建立的阻抗模型分析了并网点电压扰动到控制器输出的传递关系,分别在转子侧电流环和网侧电流环引入了电压扰动补偿对变换器进行改进控制,并通过广义奈奎斯特判据证明了该方法能有效提高双馈风电机组在弱电网下的并网稳定性。理论分析表明,基于并网点电压扰动补偿的转子侧和网侧补偿控制能很好地改善双馈风电机组的输出阻抗特性,从而提高其在弱电网下的稳定性。最后,通过仿真分析验证了该补偿控制方法的有效性。     

电压不对称骤升下DFIG暂态特性及无功协调控制

针对双馈感应风力发电机(DFIG)电网电压不对称骤升故障,传统的研究大多集中于定子磁链暂态特性的分析,忽略了故障时间对DFIG的影响。以单相和两相不对称骤升故障为例,详细分析了DFIG在不同故障发生时刻的定子磁链暂态特性,并推导出对应的定子磁链和转子电压表达式。此外,DFIG一般运行在单位功率因数下,这忽略了其自身RSC和GSC的无功协调能力。针对这一问题,提出了DFIG无功协调控制方案,以此帮助风电系统实现穿越故障。仿真结果验证了暂态特性推导的正确性以及RSC和GSC无功协调控制方案的有效性,所提控制策略有效抑制了并网点电压的骤升,同时满足了系统无功支撑的需求。     

不平衡电网电压下基于串联网侧变换器的DFIG控制策略

电网电压不平衡会导致双馈感应发电机组(DFIG)定、转子电流出现较大不平衡,使发电机功率和电磁转矩发生振荡,从而恶化机组运行状况.分析了串联网侧变换器抑制不平衡电网电压对DFIG系统影响的机理,利用并联网侧变换器的控制及静止坐标系下的比例谐振控制器,提出了基于串联网侧变换器的DFIG在不平衡电网电压条件下的控制策略;在实现DFIG电磁转矩、直流母线电压及系统总输出有功功率无2倍频波动的同时,使DFIG定、转子三相电流平衡.所述方法具有不改变转子侧变换器的控制策略、无需求解复杂高阶矩阵的特点.对一台基于串联网侧变换器的2 MW DFIG系统进行了仿真,验证了所提出控制策略的正确性和有效性.     

电网电压不对称跌落时DFIG的控制策略研究

相比于对称故障,不对称故障时双馈风力发电机(Doubly Fed Induction Generators, DFIG)的电磁暂态过程更为复杂,对DFIG造成的危害也越大。从电网电压不对称跌落时DFIG的电磁暂态过程入手,分析了DFIG各电磁量产生二倍频波动和过电流的直接原因。在此基础上,提出了一种电网电压不对称跌落时转子侧变换器(Rotor Side Converter, RSC)的转子电压补偿控制策略,通过控制RSC交流侧的输出电压,对转子暂态电动势和负序电动势进行补偿。该控制策略可在电网轻度不对称故障时有效消除转子电流二倍频波动;在电网严重不对称故障时最大限度地减小转子电流冲击,增强DFIG的低电压穿越能力。此外,根据转子侧变换器的电压容量,对补偿控制策略的完全补偿范围进行了分析。仿真结果验证了所提出控制策略的有效性。     

电网不平衡时采用串联网侧变换器的DFIG风电系统协调控制

针对采用串联网侧变换器的双馈感应发电机(doubly fed induction generators, DFIG)风电系统,详细分析电网电压不平衡条件下该系统的运行情况,从抑制不平衡定子电压及维持系统有功功率平衡的角度出发,分别提出电网不平衡时串联网侧变换器和并联网侧变换器的控制策略.与电网不平衡下DFIG系统的传统运行控制方案相比,所提系统协调控制策略无需改变电网不平衡下转子侧变换器的控制策略,简化转子侧变换器的控制并有效提高其运行可靠性;所提方案在实现DFIG系统电磁转矩、直流链电压及系统总输出有功功率无二倍频波动的同时,实现电网不平衡下DFIG定、转子三相电流平衡,进一步提高了DFIG系统运行的稳定性和可靠性.通过对电网不平衡下采用串联网侧变换器的DFIG风电系统和采用传统控制策略的DFIG系统进行了仿真计算和对比分析,验证所提协调控制策略的正确性和有效性.     

电网电压骤升时DFIG定转子电流分析及无功电流配置改进

在双馈感应发电机（DFIG）高电压穿越（HVRT）问题中,电压骤升引起的暂态过电流不足以触发撬棒保护动作,致使HVRT下的定转子短路电流特性比低电压穿越（LVRT）更复杂。推导了计及电磁暂态过渡过程和转子侧换流器（RSC）调控共同作用影响下的定转子电流表达式。在此基础上考虑并网规范要求的DFIG无功电流支撑,控制RSC和网侧换流器（GSC）输出与骤升幅度相对应的分量,使DFIG工作于无功支持状态。仿真结果表明,定转子电流表达式准确描述了HVRT期间的故障电流,所得结果更具一般性,且对故障电气量的计算具有重要意义;改进无功电流配置实现了DFIG的HVRT。研究结果对掌握DFIG的动态过程具有一定的参考价值。     

计及直流链路动态耦合效应的双馈风电机组谐波阻抗模型

双馈风电机组的大量并网会给电网带来谐波谐振等电能质量问题,研究此类问题的关键在于建立准确有效的风机谐波模型.传统的双馈风电机组谐波阻抗模型的建立通常基于理想的直流链路电压,然而在风机实际运行中,变流器交直流侧交互作用会导致直流链路电压出现动态耦合谐波成分,且两侧变流器谐波可通过直流链路双向传递,进而产生耦合,即存在直流...     

Operation and control of a grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbine with series grid-side converter during network unbalance

This paper proposes a control scheme of a grid-connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine with series grid-side converter (SGSC) to improve the control and operation performance of DFIG system during network unbalance. The behaviors of DFIG system with SGSC under unbalanced grid voltage conditions are described. The SGSC is controlled to inject voltage in series to balance the stator voltage. Therefore, the adverse effects of voltage unbalance upon the DFIG such as large stator and rotor current unbalances, electromagnetic torque and power pulsations are removed and the conventional vector control strategy for the rotor-side converter (RSC) remains in full force under unbalanced conditions. Meanwhile, three selective control targets for the parallel grid-side converter (PGSC), such as eliminating the oscillations in total active or reactive power, or no negative-sequence current injected to the grid are identified and compared. Besides, the proportional resonant controllers in the stationary reference frame are designed for both the SGSC and PGSC to further improve the dynamic performance of the whole system. Finally, the ratings and losses of the SGSC and the injected transformer are discussed and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by the simulation results of a 2 MW DFIG-based wind turbine with SGSC under steady state and small transient grid voltage unbalance.     

Small signal stability enhancement of DFIG based wind power system using optimized controllers parameters

This paper presents the state space modelling of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for small signal stability assessment. The gains of PI controller in torque and voltage control loop of rotor-side converter (RSC) are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the dynamic performance of DFIG. These optimized parameters results in improved damping of DFIG and minimizes the oscillations in rotor currents and electromagnetic torque. The nature of modes of oscillations for DFIG integrated to infinite bus are analysed under different operating conditions such as varying wind speed and grid strength. The transient analysis with optimized parameters shows the enhancement in LVRT capability during voltage sag and three phase fault as desired by grid codes.     

Short circuit fault analysis in a grid connected DFIG based wind energy system with active crowbar protection circuit for ridethrough capability and power quality improvement

In power industry, improvement of the short circuit Fault-ride through (FRT) capability of grid integrated Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) for the wind power system is an important issue. In this paper an Active Crowbar Protection (ACB_P) system is proposed to enhance the Fault-ride through (FRT) capability of DFIG so as to improve the power quality of the system. The protection scheme proposed here is designed with a capacitor in series with the resistor unlike the conventional Crowbar (CB) having only resistors. The importance of ACB_P is to maintain the connection of DFIG with the grid during fault conditions to provide uninterruptable power supply to the loads. The major functions of the capacitor in the protection circuit are to eliminate the ripples generated in the rotor current and to protect the converters as well as the DC-link capacitor. The main objectives of the proposed approach are: minimisation of magnitude of rotor fault currents, maintenance of constant DC-link voltage, reduction in crowbar operation time to avoid disconnection between the DFIG and the Rotor side converter (RSC), improvement in the short circuit response of terminal voltage and enhancement in the dynamic responses of the DFIG. These objectives are achieved through the incorporation of ACB_P scheme between the rotor of the DFIG and RSC. The proposed scheme is validated on different types of fault conditions and it is observed that there is significant improvement in the objectives. Simulation results are carried out on a 1.7 MVA DFIG based WECS under different types of short circuit faults in MATLAB/Simulation and functionality of the proposed scheme is verified.     

Grid-fault ride-through analysis and control of wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators

This paper deals with the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) control of wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) under symmetrical voltage dips. The investigation first develops a mathematical formula for the rotor current and rotor voltage when DFIG is subjected to a symmetrical voltage dip. From the analysis, the reasons of rotor inrush current and factors influencing it are inferred. Then, a control scheme enhancing the wind turbine LVRT capability is designed and simulated. The proposed control scheme consists of a nonlinear control strategy applied to the rotor-side converter and a dc-link voltage control applied to the grid-side converter. It improves the damping of DFIG transient response and minimizes oscillations of rotor current, electromagnetic torque and dc-link voltage during the generator voltage dip. It also limits the peak value of these quantities. At the end, results of theoretical analyses are verified by time domain simulations.     

电网电压深度不对称跌落时的双馈风电变流器控制技术

针对电网电压不对称跌落故障,提出一种用于双馈风机的变流器控制策略,以满足低电压穿越标准的要求。策略使用转子侧变流器控制转子正序电流以保证风机的有功和无功输出,网侧变流器保持额定电流输出能量,同时使用斩波器稳定直流母线电压。针对1.5MW双馈风电机组进行了仿真模型和实际测试验证,结果表明该策略有效保证了双馈风机系统低电压穿越的实现。     

电网电压不平衡下双馈型风电场可控运行区域及其控制策略

电网电压不平衡条件下,双馈感应发电机(DFIG)风电机组实现电磁转矩无脉动等不同传统控制目标时所需要的负序电流幅值不同。结合电网电压不平衡条件下电网侧变换器(GSC)与转子侧变换器(RSC)实现各传统控制目标时所需的负序电流幅值,通过详细分析等值DFIG风电场GSC与RSC的输出负序电流能力,得到基于不同电网电压不平衡度和系统有功出力的DFIG风电场可控运行区域。以该可控运行区域为基础,提出电网电压不平衡条件下DFIG风电场的多目标协调控制策略,即根据电网电压不平衡度及系统有功出力选择或切换系统最优控制目标,进而改善不平衡电压下DFIG风电场的运行能力及所并电网的电能质量。仿真与实验结果验证了所提方案的可行性。     

双馈感应风力发电机故障穿越特性及其控制

风电场低电压穿越能力对接入系统的暂态稳定性有着重要影响。分析双馈感应风力发电机的励磁控制原理,在此基础上研究风电机组基于电流解耦的矢量控制策略以及故障期间转子侧变流器Crowbar(撬棒)滞环保护方案和网侧变流器的电压支撑技术。运用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真工具研究常规同步发电机和双馈风力发电机2种类型机组在短时间和长时间短路故障时的暂态响应特性,并探讨变流器参数对风电机组性能的影响。结果表明:变流器紧急应对措施可以使风机迅速恢复控制能力,从而通过灵活地调节其转子磁链矢量的幅值和相角使电压快速重建;此外,选择合适的直流侧电容容量将增强不对称故障情况下网侧变流器抵抗负序电流的能力。     

双馈风力发电机虚拟同步控制策略研究

双馈感应发电机(doubly fed induction generator,DFIG)可通过虚拟同步控制方法为电网提供电压及频率支撑,优化机组并网特性。传统的虚拟同步控制技术以模拟同步发电机机电动态特性为主要目标,未对电磁暂态的DFIG控制进行深入分析。当电网发生不对称故障时,分析虚拟同步控制DFIG的故障特性,发现传统控制方法无法抑制电磁转矩振荡与DFIG故障电流。因此,基于电网不对称故障,本文提出DFIG电压补偿虚拟同步控制方法,通过对转子电压故障分量进行补偿,提高DFIG转子电压响应速度,减少其反电动势故障分量。通过对传统及电压补偿虚拟同步控制方法控制效果的仿真对比可知,电压补偿虚拟同步控制方法可对电磁转矩的持续振荡及暂态冲击进行有效抑制,明显降低了DFIG转子的故障电流,提高了DFIG不对称故障穿越能力。     

适用于电网不对称故障的双馈风力发电机虚拟同步控制策略

双馈感应发电机(DFIG)虚拟同步控制策略可使DFIG为电网提供频率与电压支撑,改善其并网特性。现有虚拟同步控制策略的主要目标是模拟同步发电机机电动态特性,未深入探讨电磁暂态过程中如何对DFIG进行控制。分析了电网发生不对称故障时,基于虚拟同步控制的DFIG的故障特性;得出了现有虚拟同步控制策略难以抑制DFIG故障电流与电磁转矩振荡的结论。在此基础上,提出了一种适用于电网不对称故障的DFIG电压补偿虚拟同步控制策略,该策略通过补偿转子电压的故障分量来改善DFIG转子电压的响应速度,抵消或削弱转子反电势故障分量的影响。仿真对比了现有虚拟同步控制策略与所提出策略的控制效果,验证了所提策略能够显著降低DFIG转子故障电流,抑制电磁转矩的暂态冲击与持续振荡,有效提高DFIG不对称故障穿越能力。     

不平衡电网电压下双馈感应发电机转子侧变换器的比例–谐振电流控制策略

为了研究不平衡电网电压条件下双馈感应风力发电机(doubly-fedinduction generator,DFIG)系统增强运行能力的有效控制策略,提出了网侧、转子侧变换器的比例–谐振电流控制方案以及两者之间的协同控制策略。针对电网电压不平衡条件下DFIG转子侧变换器,提出了一种在两相定子静止αβ坐标系中实施的比例–谐振(proportional-resonant,P-R)电流控制方案,以实现对DFIG转子电流无需正、负相序分解的统一调节。采用正序d+轴电网电压定向简化了各种增强运行能力控制目标下的转子正、负序电流指令值算法,设计了相应的DFIG不平衡控制策略。实验研究表明,这种P-R电流控制方案能够实现转子侧变换器选定控制目标,具备优良的动态调节性能,可增强不平衡电网电压故障下DFIG风力发电机系统的不间断运行能力。     

负序及谐波畸变电网电压下双馈风力发电系统的改进直接功率控制策略

由于定子直接连接到电网,电网电压中的负序和谐波分量会严重恶化双馈风力发电机(DFIG)系统的运行性能,导致系统输出总电流三相不对称及谐波畸变、总输出有功功率及无功功率波动等,使得DFIG系统无法安全稳定可靠运行,且输出风电质量下降。同时考虑负序和谐波电网下DFIG系统机侧变流器和网侧变流器的运行状态,以改善DFIG系统总输出电流或功率质量为目标,研究基于二阶矢量积分器(SOVI)的DFIG系统网侧和机侧变流器改进直接功率控制(DPC)策略,改善DFIG系统的运行性能。实验结果验证了所提出的负序和谐波畸变电网电压下DPC策略的正确性及有效性。     

Research on Short Circuit Current Characteristics of Doubly-fed Wind Power Generator Considering Converter Regulation

When fault occurs in the grid, the short circuit characteristics of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) are more complicated due to the coupling influence of generator electromagnetic transient and converter regulation. In view of this problem, a DFIG stator/rotor short circuit current calculation method considering the transient regulation of both rotor-side and grid-side converters is proposed in this paper. First, DFIG fault equivalent network considering the rotor-side converter control is established, and the analytical expressions of stator/rotor currents in this network are derived. On this basis, considering the DC bus voltage fluctuation, the double-loop transient control process of the gird converter in the short circuit process is described quantitatively. Thus, the mechanism of the second harmonic in the stator short circuit current is revealed, and the expression of the harmonic component is derived. Finally, the analytical expressions of stator and rotor short circuit full currents are obtained. Simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.