长庆油田伴生气回收与综合利用工艺模式标准化研究

长庆油田伴生气资源丰富,但由于其特殊的地形条件和滚动开发的特点,伴生气回收及综合利用率较低,采用的伴生气回收、综合利用工艺较多。为了进一步提高长庆油田伴生气回收及综合利用率,本文从井、站伴生气回收工艺模式和轻烃回收、燃气发电等伴生气综合利用工艺模式出发进行标准化研究,提出伴生气回收及综合利用的标准化工艺模式,为下一步提高长庆油田伴生气回收及综合利用率提供借鉴。     

关于分子筛脱水装置在轻烃回收系统的应用探讨

油田轻烃回收系统以石油伴生气为原料气通过低温高压、自产凝液做吸收冷剂的低温冷凝分离工艺回收液化气、轻烃及干气。所回收的伴生气主要由联合站三相分离器来伴生气、原油稳定气、站外场站井点来伴生气组成。通过回收利用伴生气资源,减少了油区环境污染,提高了经济效益。在轻烃回收工艺过程中,含水的原料伴生气当其温度降低至某一值后,就会形成凝固水合物,冻堵管道和设备,为回收装置的安全平稳运行埋下安全隐患。本文中的伴生气脱水采用分子筛吸附脱水的工艺来解决冻堵冻坏工艺管道设备的安全问题。     

油田伴生气回收利用技术研究

介绍了油田伴生气的分类及伴生气回收的意义。对目前比较常用的伴生气回收装置及新开发的伴生气回收工艺技术进行了调研,对各种伴生气回收装置的工艺参数、结构特点及工艺技术的优点和局限性进行对比,并对伴生气的综合利用技术进行研究和分析,最后,对国内的伴生气回收技术的发展方向提出一些意见和建议。     

边缘油气井撬装化伴生气处理技术研究与应用

在我国各大油气田中,受地理位置、地质特点及工艺技术等条件的影响,少数边缘油气井不能纳入油田集输系统,导致边缘油气井得不到合理开发。本文基于中原油田采油六厂边缘油井伴生气处理项目,通过对伴生气组成进行分析化验,研究了一种边缘井撬装化伴生气处理工艺,该工艺采用"伴生气处理+CNG"工艺,将伴生气加工成液态轻烃、压缩天然气和天然气外输销售。结果表明:轻烃回收率达到80%,液化气回收率达99.58%,撬装化设备具有灵活性大、占地面积小、整体结构简单美观的特点。     

油田伴生气净化工艺优化研究及工业应用

油田伴生气是油田在开采过程中,油层之间有伴随石油液体产生的天然气,主要成分甲烷,可以做燃料,油田伴生气又称油田气,俗名是瓦斯。在伴生气净化工艺的生产工程中属于关键环节。本文通过对伴生气净化处理工艺进行研究,从生产工艺流程着手,研制出新型伴生气空冷净化集成装置,主要是将"先除油再空冷"改为"先空冷再除油",提高了伴生气净化效果,解决了伴生气无效排放、污染空气等安全环保问题,现场应用效果好,推广应用前景广阔,该工艺进一步净化其它有害物质,既可以降低回收成本,又能够现场制备符合国家标准的民用液化气,从而达到环保、节能、创造更高经济效益的目的。     

新疆油田伴生气增压脱水工艺的应用与优化

新疆油田较大规模的伴生气集中处理装置大多采用原料气预分离,压缩机增压,分子筛深度脱水,丙烷制冷,脱乙烷塔、脱丁烷塔分离产液化气及轻烃的工艺.该工艺虽然具有脱水露点深度高、液化气品质高等优点,但是针对地处沙漠地区比较分散的小规模的伴生气处理不太适应.本文以石南31集中增压脱水站为工程实例,对压缩机增压、三甘醇脱水工艺进行...     

天然气处理厂脱除油田伴生气中CO2技术分析与应用

针对中原油田大面积推广应用CO2气驱采油技术后,伴生气中的CO2体积分数攀升对后续天然气处理装置的平稳运行产生不利影响,通过分析各种脱CO2工艺特点和优缺点,并结合天然气处理厂的现有工艺设备,成功运用了精馏法工艺脱除伴生气中CO2,消除了CO2冻堵现象,实现了设备的平稳运行。     

苏北油田伴生气轻烃回收工艺技术研究

我国石油伴生气存储量较为丰富,大大小小油田比较多,但与此相背离的是,在国内尚未形成对石油伴生气显著有效的回收利用工作。通过轻烃回收装置的使用能很好地利用这部分天然气资源而获得一定的经济效益。对于苏北油田这样的复杂小断块油田,勘探开发采用滚动发展的模式,在油气集输过程中伴生气损耗比较严重,伴生气的利用能力比较薄弱,在边远零散井、接转站和联合站都不能很好的利用,存在较大的浪费。因此拟进行苏北油田轻烃回收工艺的研究,以提高苏北油田整体开发经济效益,合理利用和节约能源。     

油田CO_2驱产出气处置方案及CO_2捕集回注工艺

CO_2驱及地质埋存技术是油田提高采收率和减少温室气体排放的有效手段,但随着CO_2在油井中突破,面临着含CO_2伴生气的处置技术和捕集回注工艺的优选问题。本文分析了油田CO_2驱产出气一般规律,论证了含CO_2伴生气直接/掺和回注、燃气轮机/锅炉燃烧及烟道气回注和捕集分离回注等处置方案的可行性及适用范围,初步建立了含CO_2伴生气处置方案优选依据。重点比较了化学吸收法、低温分馏法、变压吸附法和膜分离等CO_2捕集分离工艺的适用性和经济性。基于Weyburn油田和吉林油田CO_2驱项目,分析了油田CO_2驱产出气处置及回注工艺的主要流程。研究结果表明:对于油田含CO_2伴生气的处置,首选直接/掺和回注;其次考虑对产出气进行CO_2分离提纯,国内CO_2驱项目一般小到中等规模,变压吸附和低温分馏工艺受到青睐,国外大规模CO_2驱项目则有采用膜分离和化学吸收法捕集分离CO_2的经验。     

络合铁脱硫技术在油田伴生气脱硫中的应用

文章主要介绍了目前含硫伴生气处理所面临的技术难题,络合铁脱硫技术的原理、工艺流程及特点,并对络合铁脱硫装置的现场处理效果进行了分析,络合铁脱硫技术及装备能够满足矿场油田伴生气脱硫的需求,解决了目前常用脱硫工艺无法适合含硫伴生气脱硫的技术难题。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.