原位合成SiC/MoSi2复合材料的研究

以Mo、Si、C原始粉末为原料,进行机械球磨混合制备混合粉,然后进行原位反应热压烧结制备SiC/MoSi2复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对试样进行物相和显微组织观察,并对原位反应机制进行了探讨.结果表明,在选定的球磨条件下,Mo、Si、C混合粉没有发生机械合金化;Mo-Si-C三元系混合粉在原位反应条件下可消除Mo5Si3C等中间相,得到的颗粒细小、相分布均匀以及相组成为SiC与MoSi2的SiC-40vol％/MoSi2复合材料.     

碳纳米管强韧化二硅化钼复合材料

利用机械合金化（MA）方法合成MoSi2纳米先驱粉体，并对碳纳米管（CNT）进行超声分散，将MoSi2和CNT湿法球磨混合后，采用热压烧结方法制备了CNT／MoSi2复合材料。结果表明，Mo-Si粉末按原子比1：2混合，以转速510r／min球磨24h得到杂质含量较低的MoSi2纳米粉体。烧结后材料的相组成分析结果显示，不含CNT的MoSi2材料主要为MoSi2相，同时含有少量Mo5Si3；添加CNT后，复合材料中新增了少量的SiC，Mo5Si3的含量也比非增强MoSi2中高。CNT／MoSi2复合材料强度和韧性较纯MoSi2材料均有提高，含2．5％（质量分数，下同）CNT复合材料的抗弯强度提高了72％，添加I％CNT复合材料的断裂韧性提高T43％。对CNT／MoSi2复合材料显微结构分析发现，CNT细化材料晶粒，CNT的拔出，CNT使裂纹偏转、分支和桥联等机制综合作用提高了复合材料的韧性。细晶强化和弥散强化作用提高了材料强度。     

无压反应烧结Mo（Si，Al）2-SiC复合材料的研究

利用MoSi2，Al，C之间的原位反应无压烧结制备了Mo（Si1-x，Alx）2-SiC复合材料。随着烧结温度从1400℃升高到1650℃，MoSi2相消失，反应产物为Mo（Si，Al）2和SiC及Mo5Si3C相。由于固溶体及Nowotny（Mo5Si3C）相的形成，使得原位反应中化学计量法则变得困难。原位生成的SiC相随着温度的升高由颗粒状变为晶须状，并由于它的强韧化作用使得复相材料的性能较单相材料成倍提高。     

C／C复合材料Mo-Si-N抗氧化涂层的制备

在C／C复合材料表面采用熔浆法制备Mo—Si系涂层的烧结过程中通入氮气，开发了Si3N4．MoSi2／Si—SiC（Mo-Si-N系）多层抗氧化涂层，并初步考察了涂层的抗氧化性能。结果表明，多层涂层的致密性主要受制于起始氮化温度。只有在Si熔点以上通入氮气，才能获得致密无缺陷的涂层。多层涂层的底层为SiC，外层为Si3N4，中间层为MoSi2／Si。这种多层涂层的抗氧化性能与涂层中MoSi2的含量有关；MoSi2含量为30％（体积分数，下同）和40％时，与真空中合成的Mo-Si涂层相比，高温抗氧化性能显著改善，抗氧化温度提高到1400℃～1450℃。     

碳纳米管强韧化二硅化钼复合材料

利用机械合金化(MA)方法合成MoSi2纳米先驱粉体,并对碳纳米管(CNT)进行超声分散,将MoSi2和CNT湿法球磨混合后,采用热压烧结方法制备了CNT/MoSi2复合材料.结果表明,Mo-Si粉末按原子比1∶2混合,以转速510r/min球磨24 h得到杂质含量较低的MoSi2纳米粉体.烧结后材料的相组成分析结果显示,不含CNT的MoSi2材料主要为MoSi2相,同时含有少量Mo5Si3;添加CNT后,复合材料中新增了少量的SiC,Mo5Si3的含量也比非增强MoSi2中高.CNT/MoSi2复合材料强度和韧性较纯MoSi2材料均有提高,含2.5%(质量分数,下同)CNT复合材料的抗弯强度提高了72%,添加1%CNT复合材料的断裂韧性提高了43%.对CNT/MoSi2复合材料显微结构分析发现,CNT细化材料晶粒,CNT的拔出,CNT使裂纹偏转、分支和桥联等机制综合作用提高了复合材料的韧性.细晶强化和弥散强化作用提高了材料强度.     

机械诱发自蔓延反应合成Ti3SiC2的机理研究

机械合金化3Ti/Si/2C粉体,会诱发自蔓延反应,产生组成相为TiC、Ti3SiC2、TiSi2和Ti5Si3的粉体与块体产物.获得的粉体和块体产物中Ti3SiC2含量分别约为17.6%和58.2%(质量分数,下同).本研究提出了一个机械诱发自蔓延反应合成Ti3SiC2的反应机制,即Ti3SiC2是从固相TiC与Ti-Si液相中形核并长大.最后讨论了机械诱发自蔓延反应与自蔓延高温烧结对合成产物中Ti3SiC2含量及显微形貌的影响.     

Mo-Si-C三元体系复合材料的示差扫描量热法研究

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了Mo-Si-C三元体系复合材料加热时的反应过程及反应速率、相的形成规律等问题.结果表明,利用Mo、Si和C混合粉末可以制备出SiC/MoSi2两相复合材料;随着升温速率的提高,过渡相的生成量减少;Mo、Si、C混合粉末在加热过程中,温度从低到高依次形成的过渡相为Mo2C-Mo3Si-Mo5Si3-MoSi2-SiC.     

无压反应烧结MOSi2—SiCp复相材料的制备与性能

采用无压反应烧结方法制备了MOSi2-SiCp复相材料。结果表明：直接采用元素粉Mo，Si与Si，C粉或SiC粉反应，较难制得致密的MOSi2-SiCp复相材料；而采用MoSi2合金粉同Si，C反应可获得致密的MOSi2-SiCp复相材料。同时对不同SiC含量的MOSi2-SiCp复相材料的强度和电阻率进行了测定分析，得到强度最高值为157MPa，电阻率随SiC含量的增加而增加。     

机械合金化+烧结制备TiC/Ti3SiC2复合材料

以Ti、Si和C单质粉末为原料,采用机械合金化合成了TiC/Ti3SiC2混合粉体,并用放电等离子烧结球磨粉体制备了致密的TiC/Ti3SiC2陶瓷。结果表明,机械合金化可以合成由TiC和Ti3SiC2组成的混合粉体,同时还可以细化晶粒,促进烧结的致密化过程。在1200℃下,保温5min,加压30MPa,对机械合金化1h时的粉体进行放电等离子烧结可制备相对密度高达99.1%的TiC/Ti3SiC2复合陶瓷。     

机械合金化＋热处理制备高纯Ti3SiC2粉体

以3Ti/Si/2C/0.2Al粉体为原料,采用机械合金化和真空热处理的方法合成了高纯度的Ti3SiC2粉体,并分析了粉体颗粒的外观形貌.结果表明,对3Ti/Si/2C/0.2A1粉体机械合金化4 h,可以生成Ti3SiC2和TiC的混合粉体.采用真空碳管炉对机械合金化粉体产物进行热处理,可以显著提高粉体中Ti3SiC2含量.热处理温度对粉体Ti3SiC2含量有很大的影响,过高或过低都不利于提高粉体中Ti3SiC3含量.在1150℃保温2 h得到的粉体产物Ti3SiC2含量最高,达到97.1 v01%.热处理产物粉体颗粒比较细小,适合做复合材料的原料.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.