云南金花茶花的矿质元素及功能成分分析

以云南金花茶的花朵、花蕾为材料,对其矿质元素、生理活性成分进行了测定。结果表明:云南金花茶的花朵和花蕾中富含人体所需的多种矿质元素,其中常量元素均以K元素含量最为丰富,分别为23.48 g/kg和23.30 g/kg;微量元素则以Si元素含量最为丰富,分别为1.30 g/kg和1.73 g/kg;此外,花朵和花蕾中也含有茶多酚、总黄酮和粗多糖,其中以茶多酚居多,分别为5.08%和2.71%。研究结果为云南金花茶的花朵和花蕾的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

干旱对两种金花茶幼苗抗氧化能力及渗透物质含量的影响

以龙州和显脉两种金花茶幼苗为材料,通过缺水方式进行干旱胁迫处理,以探讨金花茶幼苗抗氧化能力以及渗透含量变化对干旱胁迫的响应.结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,金花茶幼苗叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐减少,但相对电导率、H202、MDA、可溶性总糖、脯氨酸的含量却逐渐升高；叶片的抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性呈先升后降的趋势.(2)干旱胁迫下,与显脉金花茶相比,龙州金花茶的叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性较高,其叶片的相对电导率、H202和MDA积累量低于显脉金花茶.说明叶片的高活性的抗氧化能力和渗透物质含量的增加促进龙州金花茶叶片的保水能力,减轻干旱胁迫伤害.     

贵州金花茶茶花与芽叶制茶生化指标评价

为贵州金花茶茶花与春梢芽叶的代用茶产品加工技术研究提供参考依据,采用分光光度计法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法等方法测定贵州金花茶茶花和春梢一芽三叶传统蒸青样中的常规生化指标.结果表明,与已报道的金花茶组植物相比,贵州金花茶茶花和春梢芽叶中具有高茶多酚、高钙和高锌特点;贵州金花茶茶花中硒含量为54...     

一测多评法测定几种人参产品中人参皂苷的含量

目的建立一种简单的一测多评方法同步计算测定三种人参产品(人参茎叶总皂苷、人参皂苷三醇组、血塞通注射液)中多种皂苷成分。方法:测定人参总皂苷的指纹图谱,以人参皂苷-Rb1为基准峰,分别计算人参皂苷-Rg1、-Rb1、-Rc、-Rb2、-Rd与其的相对校正因子(RCF),外标法测定人参皂苷-Rg1、-Re、-Rb1、-Rc、-Rb2及-Rd的含量,用校正因子计算总皂苷的含量;一测多评法结果、RCF为1的结果与外标法测定结果进行比较。测定不同批号的血塞通注射液,以验证方法可行性和科学性。并对不同品牌填料及不同长度的色谱柱进行考查,评价一测多评法在复方制剂中应用的准确性和科学性。结果建立了人参总皂苷含量的简便测定方法,以一测多评法计算含量,结果与外标法结果之间的变异系数分别为0.07%、0.32%、0.14%,另外以人参皂苷-Re的RCF值为1计算测定含量,结果与外标法测定结果之间的变异系数分别为1.53%、3.87%、2.11%,三种方法无显著性差异。三种方法测得9个不同批号的血塞通注射液的总皂苷含量无明显差别,RSD5%。结论用本法只采用人参皂苷-Re对照品即可同时控制多种成分的含量,又能节约对照品的使用,适合中药的多指标质量评价模式的要求。     

不同年生野山参中总皂苷和总多糖的含量测定

目的建立测定不同年生野山参中人参总皂苷和总多糖含量的方法。方法采用紫外分光光度法在544nm和492nm波长处分别测定总皂苷及总多糖的含量。结果不同年生野山参中人参总皂苷及总多糖的含量分别为3.24%～6.37%、17.50%～22.92%。结论总皂苷及多糖作为野山参中的主要功效成分,含量较高,可以作为野山参质量评定的依据之一。本文的研究为野山参的基础成分研究提供了参考依据,为野山参的质量控制奠定了基础。     

燕麦等五种谷物的氨基酸含量综合评价

为了解不同谷物氨基酸的综合质量,测定了燕麦、荞麦、小麦、大麦和水稻等5种谷物的蛋白质和氨基酸含量,并采用主成分分析、聚类分析法进行谷物氨基酸含量综合评价。结果表明,五种谷物中均含有16种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量平均为148.14 g·kg^-1,其中燕麦总氨基酸平均含量最高,为249.93 g·kg^-1;燕麦中支链氨基酸平均含量达到31.23 g·kg^-1,显著高于五种谷物支链氨基酸平均含量(21.84 g·kg^-1)。通过主成分分析,供试材料氨基酸的综合评分表现为燕麦>小麦>荞麦>大麦>水稻。经聚类分析,燕麦的氨基酸含量与其他谷物显著不同。综合来看,燕麦在蛋白质、赖氨酸、支链氨基酸、必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量和氨基酸六个方面均优于其他4种谷物。     

独参汤化学成分的研究

目的 探讨分别以红参、生晒参（相同产地和参龄）为原料的独参汤中主要化学成分含量的差异、为解释传统中药方剂独参汤的选材和功效提供理论基础.方法：分别以红参、生晒参为原料,按照传统的独参汤的煎煮方法,制备红参独参汤和生晒参独参汤;对两种独参汤进行主要有效组分的萃取分离,得到总脂溶性成分、总皂苷和总水溶性多糖;分别通过GC-MS、HPLC和UV测定其测定其总脂类成分、总皂苷及总水溶性多糖的含量.结果红参独参汤中测得了5种脂类成分,生晒参独参汤中测得了8种脂类成分;红参独参汤中的总皂苷含量为1.3％±0.2％,生晒参独参汤中的总皂苷含量为1.1％±0.2％;总皂苷中含量最多的五种单体皂苷的含量分别为：红参独参汤中Rg1：0.1079％、Rc：0.0801％、Re：0.0614％、Rd：0.0397％、Rb 1：0.0988％,生晒参独参汤中Rg1：0.0752％、Rc：0.0518％、Re：0.0352％、Rd：0.0300％、Rb 1：0.0778％;生晒参独参汤中的水溶性多糖含量约为8.76％,红参独参汤中的水溶性多糖含量约为11.75％.结论红参独参汤中的人参皂苷和人参水溶性多糖的含量均多于生晒参独参汤中的含量,两种独参汤中均含有脂类成分.     

工艺处理对金花茶叶营养成分的影响

通过测定活性成分、矿质元素、微量元素、氨基酸等营养成分含量,研究了制作工艺处理对金花茶老叶营养成分的影响。结果表明:制作工艺处理金花茶叶活性成分茶多糖含量升高60.00%,皂苷、咖啡碱含量分别下降27.05%和71.83%,黄酮、茶多酚和维生素E(Ve)含量分别下降39.40%、19.64%和20.57%;矿质元素中镁(Mg)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量分别升高5.56%、8.85%和9.19%,钙(Ca)、钠(Na)含量下降103.46%和4.10%;微量元素中铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)含量分别升高7.75%、4.33%、3.14%和28.05%,铁(Fe)含量下降9.85%;氨基酸总量增加10.00%。     

海南15种野生蔬菜膳食纤维含量的测定

以国家标准GB 5009.88-2014《食品中膳食纤维的测定》为基础,研究了4种蛋白酶、2种酶解辅助处理方法对膳食纤维测定值的影响。以调整后的方法测定了15种野生蔬菜总的、可溶性及不溶性膳食纤维的含量,分析了不同产地和采摘时期野生蔬菜总膳食纤维含量的差异。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶处理后的树仔菜总膳食纤维测定值最高;超声波振荡辅助酶解处理的除杂效果较好;15种野生蔬菜膳食纤维含量和组成差异较大,产地对树仔菜、马齿苋总膳食纤维含量的影响分别为极显著、显著,但是对枸杞菜和雷公菜总膳食纤维含量的影响不显著;采摘时期对树仔菜、马齿苋、枸杞菜和雷公菜总膳食纤维含量均有极显著影响。     

广西中越边境的大茶树

由中国农业科学院茶叶研究所派员参加的桂西山区作物种质资源考察队茶叶专业组,在1992年的桂南宁明、龙州、防城、凭祥、上思等地的考察中,接连发现野生茶树,其中地处中越边境的大青山、公母山以及十万大山的边远山区,茶树资源较为丰富。尤其是我国特有的珍稀植物金花茶与野生茶常混生其     

8份链荚豆种质坪用价值评价

通过观察8份链荚豆种质草坪密度、均一性、颜色、耐践踏性、草坪盖度等5个坪用价值相关指标,根据草坪不同功能确定指标权重后评分,按照分值进行坪用价值综合评价。结果表明：8份链荚豆种质中,评分最高的是湛江圆叶,得分最低的是儋州尖叶。参照综合坪用价值,湛江圆叶、儋州圆叶、儋州高种、海口圆叶适合作观赏草坪和休憩草坪,湛江圆叶和儋州圆叶适合作运动草坪,湛江圆叶和儋州高种适合作保土草坪。     

黑龙江省高皂甙大豆种质资源筛选

为了筛选黑龙江省高皂甙种质资源,采用酶标仪比色法分别检测了黑龙江省15份野生大豆(Glycine soja)、55份栽培大豆(Glycine.max)的皂甙含量.结果表明:不同类型大豆皂甙含量有明显遗传差异,变幅为1156.97～3977.84 μg·g-1.栽培大豆的皂甙含量高于野生大豆,筛选出高皂甙含量的野生大豆种质资源1份、栽培大豆种质资源3份.     

金花茶松散型愈伤组织诱导与悬浮细胞系建立

采用组织培养及显微观察技术,以金花茶植株茎段、叶片、花药及离体培养的金花茶体细胞胚为试验材料,对松散型愈伤组织的获得及悬浮细胞系的建立进行了研究。结果表明:在黑暗条件下,以金花茶体细胞胚切块为外植体,在MS+KT 0.5 mg/L+NAA 8.0 mg/L+硝酸银5mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L培养基上诱导出愈伤组织后,将其转接到该诱导培养基上连续培养3个月,最后从培养物中挑选状态良好的松散型愈伤组织在分别含有肌醇与硝酸银的2种培养基上交替培养,可以获得金花茶松散型愈伤组织;方差分析表明:蔗糖添加量、肌醇添加量及硝酸银添加量均对金花茶悬浮培养液细胞密度有显著影响且后两者分别与光照条件存在相互作用;将松散型愈伤组织在分别添加100 mg/L肌醇与2.5 mg/L硝酸银的液体增殖培养基上交替培养,可以建立并保持金花茶悬浮细胞系。该研究结果可为金花茶大规模细胞培养提供科学依据。     

木薯种质资源淀粉特性分析与评价

为了评价和筛选出淀粉品质优良的木薯资源,对212份国内外栽培木薯种质块根淀粉产量性状及淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、粘度峰值和糊化温度5个重要淀粉特性指标进行研究.结果表明,不同木薯资源各淀粉特性差异较大,不同指标间有一定的相关性,利用概率分级法将8个淀粉产量及特性性状分为5级,即极低、低、中、高和极高,推荐极...     

文心兰种质遗传多样性的SRAP分析

利用SRAP标记分析文心兰部分种质资源的遗传多样性，采用30对引物组合对33份文心兰种质进行扩增，从中筛选出19个多态性较高的引物组合，共产生277条多态性条带，平均每个引物组合产生14.6个多态性条带，相似系数在0.280～0.927。通过聚类分析发现，在值为0.37时，可将33份文心兰种质划分为4大类群。第Ⅰ类厚叶大花品种，第Ⅱ类为厚叶小花品种，第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ类均为类薄叶品种。 结果表明，文心兰种质的聚类与其遗传背景有很大的关系。     

Qualitative and Quantitative Saponin Contents in Five Sea Cucumbers from the Indian Ocean

To avoid predation, holothuroids produce feeding-deterrent molecules in their body wall and viscera, the so-called saponins. Five tropical sea cucumber species of the family Holothuriidae were investigated in order to study their saponin content in two different organs, the body wall and the Cuvierian tubules. Mass spectrometry techniques (MALDI- and ESI-MS) were used to detect and analyze saponins. The smallest number of saponins was observed in Holothuria atra, which contained a total of four congeners, followed by Holothuria leucospilota, Pearsonothuria graeffei and Actinopyga echinites with six, eight and ten congeners, respectively. Bohadschia subrubra revealed the highest saponin diversity (19 congeners). Saponin mixtures also varied between the two body compartments within a given animal. A semi-quantitative approach completed these results and showed that a high diversity of saponins is not particularly correlated to a high saponin concentration. Although the complexity of the saponin mixtures described makes the elucidation of their respective biological roles difficult, the comparisons between species and between body compartments give some clues about how these molecules may act as predator repellents.     

The Inter-genebank potato database and the dimensions of available wild potato germplasm

The Association of Potato Inter-genebank Collaborators (APIC) constructed a database of all wild potato holdings of the most important potato genebanks in Europe, the United States, Peru, and Argentina. The Inter-genebank Potato Database (IPD) now contains data of 11,819 wild potato accessions conserved in seven potato genebanks. The collector’s number is the key identifier used to merge all databases into the IPD. A total of 7,112 different wild potato accessions were identified, which comprise 5,306 accessions with known collector’s numbers. The IPD passport database showed that almost 30% of accessions held in APIC genebanks are from Argentina, a country that comprises less species diversity than Peru and Bolivia. These latter countries are represented by 24% and 20% of accessions, respectively. APIC genebanks maintain 188Solarium taxa out of more than 230 recognized by the latest comprehensive treatment of potatoes(Solarium sect.Petota) by Hawkes (1990). About 60% of the accessions comprise only 20 taxa represented by 785 to 92 accessions each. Conversely, 2% of the accessions comprise 72 taxa and are represented by five or fewer accessions each. About 70 taxa are not available in any genebank. The IPD evaluation database comprises 5,603 records with data from more than 33,000 evaluations of wild potato accessions. Fifty-five traits are summarized, including the reactions of the accessions to 12 pathotypes or races or strains of 12 fungi, four bacteria, 12 viruses, one viroid, 13 nematodes, and seven insects; response to heat and cold stress; and content of dry matter, starch, vitamin C, amylase, reducing sugars, and glycoalkaloids. About 30% of the wild potato populations screened showed various levels of resistance to most of the diseases and pests evaluated. The IPD database is available on the Internet at www.potgenebank.org.     

海南油茶林土壤养分状况调查

为了给海南油茶的科学施肥提供参考，以五指山地区为重点调查了海南油茶林土壤的pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量等养分状况。结果表明，海南油茶林土壤存在一定程度的酸化，碱解氮含量丰富，有机质、全氮和全钾含量中等，速效磷和速效钾含量偏低，全磷极度匮乏。海南油茶林土壤养分管理应根据土壤养分状况，实行配方施肥，防止土壤进一步酸化。     

Study of bitterness perception of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa wild.) saponin extracts

The thresholds and behavior of bitterness perception over time were studied for quinoa saponins. The detection threshold was calculated in two ways using R-index values: linear equation (as previously used) and regression analysis (proposed hereby). Panelists were grouped depending on their bitterness sensitivity, and differences were found among dynamic panelist perceptions. At the threshold level, the sensation dynamic was lower than the caffeine threshold. By HPLC analysis, we identified three main types of saponins (A, B, and C), which positively correlated with the stimulus concentration. The saponin fractions were more related to the time-intensity parameters than the total saponins. Pearson's correlations showed that maximum intensity, total duration, area under the curve, and rising slope were best correlated with A, B, and C saponins. Interestingly, bitterness was perceived before chemical differentiation. It is important to study the saponin bitterness thresholds and perception, as they directly influence consumer choices and must be addressed before being used in quinoa products in the food industry.