Centurial Evolution of an Offshore Mud Deposition Area in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Its Links to Environmental and Anthropogenic Activities

Large amounts of sediments originating from the Changjiang(Yangtze) River are deposited in the subaqueous delta and in the adjacent muddy area off the mouth and on the inner shelf of the East China Sea. The terrestrial sediments deposited in these areas not only contain information about the composition and environment of the source area, but they also record changes in anthropogenic activities. A sediment piston core(CJ0702) was extracted from the Changjiang subaqueous depocenter(31.00°N, 122.67°E) in a water depth of 22.0 m. The core was subsampled at 1 – 2 cm intervals and analyzed for grain size, clay mineralogy, and major element geochemistry. Results indicate a relatively high sediment accumulation rate of approximately 3.11 cm yr~(-1). These parameters exhibited only minor cyclical fluctuations in the core, which resulted from many factors. During the past 120 years, the Changjiang River-derived sediment is the primary source of sediment in the offshore mud area without evidence for the Yellow River-derived sediment increasing. After the trunk stream shifted from the North Branch to South Branch, the variations of proxies are controlled by the periodic fluctuation possibly linked to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO). In addition, anthropogenic heavy metal concentrations can be divided into three stages, which coincide well with economic development and environmental protection policies.     

雄安新区测绘成果服务安全防控系统设计与实现

伴随着雄安新区规划设计和大规模建设的有序推进,测绘成果数据分发和使用日益频繁,安全问题也逐渐凸显.针对雄安新区测绘成果在分发与使用过程中的安全隐患,本文基于数字水印技术、安全控制技术设计和实现了雄安新区测绘成果服务安全防控系统,主要包括测绘成果申领审批子系统、测绘成果数字水印子系统、测绘成果安全控制子系统和线上授权分发...     

基于GIS的分布式通信资源管理系统设计与实现

介绍了基于GIS的分布式通信资源管理系统的设计与实现思路。提出了以GIS为基础平台．以地图为载体，整合各种通信资源，建立通信资源综合空间数据库的方法，并探讨了跨区域通信资源的分布式管理模式和系统实现方法。     

长江三峡库区崩滑地质灾害与防治

长江三峡工程坝址位于湖北省宜昌　 县三斗坪，设计大坝坝顶高程１８５米，　 正常蓄水位１７５米。水库涉及湖北省和　 重庆市２０个县〔区、市）。库区长江干流　 库段从大坝所在地三斗坪到上游库尾所　 在地重庆市巴南区大塘坝，全长５７４公　 里；主要支流有５０余条。水库干支流库　 岸岸线总长达５，３００公里。　 三峡大坝坝址在着名的黄陵背斜核　 部，工程地质条件良好，基岩是前震旦　 纪花岗岩（黑云母石英闪长岩），岩体坚硬完整。水库区则是我国崩滑地质灾害多发区，这里的自然与地质环境易于诱发崩滑地质灾害，因此崩滑地质…     

三山岛北部海域近海地质钻探的定位方法及质量控制

三山岛北部海域近海地质勘探工程由传统的陆地固体矿产找矿转到近海海域找矿,拓展了找矿空间,取得了找矿突破。地质钻探工程作为海域地质勘探的主要工作手段决定着整个海上勘探工程的成败,保证海上钻探定位的精度是勘探工程的基础性工作。地质测量人员采用基于山东SDCORS的网络RTK技术进行地质钻探的定位工作,同传统测量方法相比较,CORS-RTK定位技术有海上定位精度高、数据质量可靠、测量速度快、海上作业距离长等优势。     

Phytoplankton assemblage of Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent east China sea in summer, 2004

A cruise was conducted from late August to early September 2004 with the intention of obtaining an interdisciplinary understanding of the Yangtze River Estuary including the biological, chemical and physical subjects. Water sample analysis indicated that total phytoplankton species richness was 137. Of them 81 were found in Bacillariophyta and 48 in Pyrrophyta, accounting for 59.1% and 35.0% respectively. The average cell abundance of surface water samples was 8.8×104 cells L-1, with the maximum, 102.9×104 cells L-1, encountered in the area (31.75°N, 122.33°E) and the minimum, 0.2×104 cells L-1, in (30.75°N, 122.17°E). The dominant species at most stations were Skeletonema costatum and Proboscia alata f. gracillima with the dominance of 0.35 and 0.27. Vertical distribution analysis indicated that obvious stratification of cell abundance and dominant species was found in the representative stations of 5, 18 and 33. Shannon-Wiener index and evenness of phytoplankton assemblage presented negative correlation with the cell abundance, with the optimum appearing in (30.75°N, 122.67°E). According to the PCA analysis of the environmental variables, elevated nutrients of nitrate, silicate and phosphate through river discharge were mainly responsible for the phytoplankton bloom in this area.     

新疆国土资源环境信息系统设计与实现

对新疆国土资源环境信息系统的设计与实现进行了详细介绍,对系统研建中的关键技术进行了研究和探讨,提出了解决方案。系统的建成实现了利用GIS技术对国土资源环境信息的统一管理和快速检索、更新、分析与处理,填补了新疆国土资源环境遥感综合调查信息应用GIS技术综合管理应用的空白。     

Offshore Fault Geometrics in the Pearl River Estuary,Southeastern China: Evidence from Seismic Reflection Data

The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is located at the onshore-offshore transition zone between South China and South China Sea Basin, and it is of great significant value in discussing tectonic relationships between South China block and South China Sea block and seismic activities along the offshore active faults in PRE. However, the researches on geometric characteristics of offshore faults in this area are extremely lacking. To investigate the offshore fault distribution and their geometric features in the PRE in greater detail, we acquired thirteen seismic reflection profiles in 2015. Combining the analysis of the seismic reflection and free-air gravity anomaly data, this paper revealed the location, continuity, and geometry of the littoral fault zone and other offshore faults in PRE. The littoral fault zone is composed of the major Dangan Islands fault and several parallel, high-angle, normal faults, which mainly trend northeast to northeast-to-east and dip to the southeast with large displacements. The fault zone is divided into three different segments by the northwest-trending faults. Moreover, the basement depth around Dangan Islands is very shallow, while it suddenly increases along the islands westward and southward. These has resulted in the islands and neighboring areas becoming the places where the stress accumulates easily. The seismogenic pattern of this area is closely related to the comprehensive effect of intersecting faults together with the low velocity layer.     

Characteristics and Origins of Suspended Pyrite in the Mixing Zone of the Yangtze Estuary

For a long time, most studies about pyrite have focused on sediments while only a few have focused on pyrite in water. In this study, a method that combines the scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) was used to compare pyrite particles suspended in water to those in associated bottom sediments, both obtained from the mixing zone of the Yangtze Estuary. It was found that the pyrite particles in the two media have similar morphologies and size distributions. The particle morphology mainly includes two types, single crystal and aggregate, and the particle size mainly ranges from 0.5 to 2 μm. The pyrite particles in water exhibit an increase in relative content towards the sea, and their transport and deposit processes are mainly affected by hydrodynamic conditions. It is concluded that the pyrite particles in the suspended matter mainly derived from the resuspension of sediments, which are products of the early diagenesis. Precursor minerals may appear during the formation of pyrite, but are generally restricted by the diagenetic environment and local microenvironment.     

Spatial distribution and diurnal variation of chemical oxygen demand at the beginning of the rainy season in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary

A field observation was carried out in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary from May 19 to 26, 2003. A total of 29 stations, including 2 anchored stations, were occupied through almost the whole salinity gradient. Based on the observation data, biogeochemistry of chemical oxygen demand （COD） was examined. Spatial distribution pattern of COD shows that it decreased downstream. The COD concentration varied generally within a narrow range of 1.24-1.60 mg/L in the zone around the river mouth, beyond which it decreased rapidly to 0.20 mg/L. In the mixed water zone, the fluctuation in COD was smaller at 2 m above the bottom layer than at the surface layer in 48 h. In the seawater zone, the 48-h fluctuation at the surface was the largest, followed by that of 5 m below the surface and 2 m above the bottom layers in a range of from 2.50 to 0.55 mg/L. Freshwater discharge was the dominant source of COD in the estuary. The average COD beyond the river mouth was 2.7 mg/L, which accorded with the Chinese seawater quality Grade I. Relationships between dissolved oxygen and biogeochemical parameters such as suspended particulate matter, dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll-a were also discussed.     

Distributions and Relationships of CO_2,O_2,and Dimethylsulfide in the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters in Summer

The distributions and relationships of O_2, CO_2, and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and its adjacent waters were investigated in June 2014. In surface water, mean O_2 saturation level, partial pressure of CO_2 (pCO_2), and DMS concentrations (and ranges) were 110% (89%–167%), 374μatm (91–640 μatm), and 8.53 nmol L~(-1) (1.10–27.50 nmol L~(-1)), respectively. The sea-to-air fluxes (and ranges) of DMS and CO_2 were 8.24 μmol m~(-2)d~(-1) (0.26–62.77 μmol m~(-2)d~(-1)), and -4.7 mmol m~(-2)d~(-1) (-110.8-31.7 mmol m~(-2)d~(-1)), respectively. Dissolved O_2 was oversaturated, DMS concentrations were relatively high, and this region served as a sink of atmospheric CO_2. The pCO_2 was significantly and negatively correlated with the O_2 saturation level, while the DMS concentration showed different positive relationships with the O_2 saturation level in different water masses. In vertical profiles, a hypoxic zone existed below 20 m at a longitude of 123?E. The stratification of temperature and salinity caused by the Taiwan Warm Current suppressed seawater exchange between upper and lower layers, resulting in the formation of a hypoxic zone. Oxidative de-composition of organic detritus carried by the Changjiang River Diluted Water (CRDW) consumed abundant O_2 and produced additional CO_2. The DMS concentrations decreased because of low phytoplankton biomass in the hypoxic zone. Strong correlations ap-peared between the O_2 saturation level, pCO_2 and DMS concentrations in vertical profiles. Our results strongly suggested that CRDW played an important role in the distributions and relationships of O_2, CO_2, and DMS.     

临沂市国土资源数字执法系统的设计与实现

加快信息化建设,是新形势下国土资源管理工作的迫切需要。按照利用现代科技手段创新国土资源执法的要求,详细论述了数字执法系统的总体框架和功能设计,介绍了系统数据库建设模式,说明了该系统的主要特点;并结合执法过程中的实际应用,总结了实现国土资源数字化执法的先进经验。     

基础地理信息生僻字系统的设计与实现

我国基础地理信息的数据成果中,存在大量的常规字库中未收录的生僻字地名。已有生僻字解决方案存在收录不全、编码不统一、录入困难等弊端,严重影响了生僻字地名的显示、查询和制图输出。本文简要介绍了一套集成了统一编码、矢量设计、检索录入等方法和技术特点的解决方案,并在国家基础地理信息生产和建库中得以验证和应用。     

Petroleum Exploration in the Yemeni Red Sea and Offshore Area (Tihama Basin)

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莱芜市土地登记系统的设计与实现

针对现有土地登记发证业务的特点和作业方式,提出了莱芜市土地登记系统的设计思路和原则,依托莱芜市三维国土一张图管地平台开发设计了土地登记系统。总体上实现了土地登记办公的整个业务流程,为政府管理部门办理日常业务提供了新模式。     

专家系统在红树林湿地鸟类鉴别中的设计与实现

应用计算机专家系统对红树林湿地的鸟类进行分类与鉴别。结合产生式系统体系结构,设计开发红树林湿地鸟类鉴别系统,该系统利用鸟类目科检索表与二叉树的结构相似性,构建鸟类目科检索二叉树,结合B+树和判定树学习,设计鸟类检索编码表,实现红树林湿地鸟类目科和属种的鉴别。     

临沂市土地供应管理系统的设计与实现

在临沂市国土资源综合监管平台的基础上,通过分析临沂市土地供应审批及供后监管等业务管理内容,以土地供应审批、招拍挂出让、违约土地管理、闲置土地管理业务中的属性信息为核心数据资源建立了土地供应管理系统。系统对土地供应审批的流程进行优化,实现土地供应业务无纸化办公,提高了业务办理效率,为在全国地市级国土资源部门中推广土地供应及供后监管系统起了优秀的示范作用。     

威海市批后监管系统设计与实现

威海市国土资源局利用地理信息技术创新国土资源监管的手段,加强建设用地批后监管工作,有力保障用地行为依法进行,有效推进土地节约集约利用。该文介绍了批后监管系统的建设目标和建设原则,并详细论述了批后监管的总体框架和功能设计,说明了该系统的主要特点;并结合建设用地批后监管工作中的应用,总结了建设用地批后监管的应用经验。     

Petroleum Exploration in the Yemeni Red Sea and Offshore Area (Tihama Basin)

The Red Sea is a pericratonic upper Tertiary basin which developed on the continental margin of Arabia. It is characterized by halokinetic tectonics in the upper structural stage and block- Rifting in the lower structural stage. This margin is overprinted on a Pre - rift Mesozoic platform. Hydrocarbon exploration interest in the Yemeni Red Sea sector and Offshore area (Tihama Basin) is based on three objectives, which cross pond to stages in geotectonic evolution; Mesozoic Pre - rift targets; Miocene Syn- Rift Salt targets; and upper Miocene- Pliocene Post - rift drift sequences. Reservoirs with appropriate sealing units ( salt or shale ) have been recorded. Models of source rock maturation using observed geothermal gradients are consistent with analytical results, and prove of oil and gas generation. Most traps are described as faulted, fault - blocks, listric - faults or structural. The evaporite group mainly consists of Halite and Anhydrite, that exhibits a strong halokinesis affecting a structural style- of Infra and Intra evaporite sequences in offshore (Tihama basin ).     

山东省地名地址采集系统设计与实现

针对当前地名地址数据采集规范不统一、采集效率低、采集效果不理想、数据质量低等问题,该文探索了一种基于移动GIS技术的地名地址数据采集和更新方法,设计了以任务为核心的数据下发和下载、采集和更新、内业核查和数据质检等内容的内外业一体化流程,建立了以道路为基准的数据采集和更新模式,通过位置比对、影像分析、照片匹配、实地核查等技术建立了多维度、多层次的数据质检方式,基于"天地图·山东"地图API开发了地名地址采集系统,实现了地名地址数据的快速采集和更新,有效提高了地名地址数据采集的效率和质量,推进了"天地图·山东"省市县数据一体化和联动更新工作。